Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.I...Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.In this study,garbanzo bean cells with varying degrees of cell wall integrity were subjected to dry heat treatment(DHT)and used to elucidate the food structure-starch digestion properties of pulse food.The morphological features suggested that all cell samples do not exhibit remarkable changes after being subjected to DHT.Molecular rearrangement and the crystallite disruption of starch granules entrapped in cells occurred during DHT as assessed by the crystal structure and thermal properties.DHT decreased the inhibitory effects of enzymes of both the soluble and insoluble components,but the digestion rate and extent of slightly and highly damaged cell samples did not exhibit significant differences compared with their native counterparts.We concluded that the starch digestion of pulse cotyledon cells is primarily determined by the intactness of the cellular structure.This study reveals the role of food structure on the ability to retain the desirable nutritional properties of starch after subjection to physical modification.展开更多
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seed...Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RILwere harvested in 35d after heading. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy. QTL analysis was performed withWindows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping. A total of four QTLfor seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2 (two regions), 5 and 11, respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%. Responses of suchloci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The resultsshowed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR-11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy, which seemed to be easily broken by dry heattreatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement. Theallele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy, which could not be broken bydry heat treatment.展开更多
Dry heat treatment has been identifie as a method for disinfecting seed-borne pathogens in vegetable seeds. This study demonstrated that three seed-borne pathogens of cucumber(Cladosporium cucumerinum that causes scab...Dry heat treatment has been identifie as a method for disinfecting seed-borne pathogens in vegetable seeds. This study demonstrated that three seed-borne pathogens of cucumber(Cladosporium cucumerinum that causes scabs, Ascochyta citrullina that results in gummy stem blight,and Colletotrichum orbiculare that induces anthracnose) could be effectively eradicated from cucumber seeds by dry heat treatment. In vitro growth of these three pathogens was inhibited by dry heat treatment at 70 °C for 40 min. These pathogens were inactivated after exposing infected seeds to 70 °C dry heat for at least 90 min. Seed infection was significant y reduced by exposing the seeds to 70 °C dry heat for at least 40 min. Seed moisture content and germination were slightly reduced after 70 °C heat treatment for 40–120 min. Seed vigor remained at a high level after dry heat treatment at 70 °C for 90 min. In conclusion, 70 °C dry heat treatment for 90 min was determined to be the optimal method for eradication of C. cucumerinum, Didymella bryoniae, and C. orbiculare from cucumber seeds.展开更多
Silica aerogels were prepared at ambient drying by using ethanol/trimethylchlorosilane （TMCS）/heptane solution as pore water exchange and surface modification of the wet gel before drying. The obtained silica aeroge...Silica aerogels were prepared at ambient drying by using ethanol/trimethylchlorosilane （TMCS）/heptane solution as pore water exchange and surface modification of the wet gel before drying. The obtained silica aerogels exhibit a sponge-like structure with uniform pore size distribution. The effects of heat-treatment on the hydrophobicity, specific surface area and other properties were investigated. The results indicated that the hydrophobicity of silica aerogels could be maintained up to 350℃. With increasing heating temperature, hydrophobicity decreased, and became completely hydrophilic after heat-treatment at 500℃. Brunaueremmitt-teller （BET） surface area results indicated that the specific surface area of silica aerogels increased with increasing heating temperature in the range of 150-500℃. The effects of heat-treatment on the morphology and chemical bonding state of silica aerogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, differential temperature analysis （DTA） and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）.展开更多
商用大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolate,SPI)经高温喷雾干燥处理后,蛋白会发生一定程度的变性聚集,使溶解性等功能性质降低。本研究通过添加不同含量的儿茶素(Catechin,C),探究儿茶素-大豆蛋白相互作用对喷雾干燥大豆分离蛋白结构...商用大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolate,SPI)经高温喷雾干燥处理后,蛋白会发生一定程度的变性聚集,使溶解性等功能性质降低。本研究通过添加不同含量的儿茶素(Catechin,C),探究儿茶素-大豆蛋白相互作用对喷雾干燥大豆分离蛋白结构和功能特性的影响。结果表明:随着儿茶素添加量的增加,儿茶素的荷载率和装载含量逐渐增加,SPI与儿茶素结合后其表面疏水性和巯基含量逐渐下降;添加儿茶素可有效改善喷雾干燥SPI导致的功能下降问题,在儿茶素添加量为1%时,与对照组SPI相比,溶解性提高了36.4%,乳化性、乳化稳定性分别提高了13.7%和14.3%;在儿茶素添加量为0.25%时,凝胶硬度与对照组相比提高了43.6%,进一步研究发现凝胶网络结构主要依赖于二硫键,其次是氢键、离子键,且此时凝胶流变特性中的储能模量显著高于其他各处理组(P<0.05);通过原子力显微镜发现,添加儿茶素后凝胶的微观结构向规则均匀致密转化,当儿茶素添加量为0.25%时,复合物凝胶的聚集程度较小,但儿茶素的加入降低了喷雾干燥SPI的消化率。综上所述,在喷雾干燥过程中儿茶素能够与SPI中的基团结合,导致巯基含量和表面疏水性降低,进而干预了蛋白质分子间的热聚集,从而改善SPI的功能特性。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701546)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2019ZD40)+5 种基金the 111 Project(B17018)for financial supportPearl River Talent Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province(2017GC010229)the Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001691)the special fund for scientific innovation strategyconstruction of high-level academy of agriculture science(R2019YJYB1001)the Application-oriented Projects of Guangdong Province(2017B020232002)。
文摘Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.In this study,garbanzo bean cells with varying degrees of cell wall integrity were subjected to dry heat treatment(DHT)and used to elucidate the food structure-starch digestion properties of pulse food.The morphological features suggested that all cell samples do not exhibit remarkable changes after being subjected to DHT.Molecular rearrangement and the crystallite disruption of starch granules entrapped in cells occurred during DHT as assessed by the crystal structure and thermal properties.DHT decreased the inhibitory effects of enzymes of both the soluble and insoluble components,but the digestion rate and extent of slightly and highly damaged cell samples did not exhibit significant differences compared with their native counterparts.We concluded that the starch digestion of pulse cotyledon cells is primarily determined by the intactness of the cellular structure.This study reveals the role of food structure on the ability to retain the desirable nutritional properties of starch after subjection to physical modification.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK2003415)Jiangsu Province Tackle Key Problem Foundation(BE2001305).
文摘Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RILwere harvested in 35d after heading. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy. QTL analysis was performed withWindows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping. A total of four QTLfor seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2 (two regions), 5 and 11, respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%. Responses of suchloci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The resultsshowed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR-11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy, which seemed to be easily broken by dry heattreatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement. Theallele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy, which could not be broken bydry heat treatment.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)the National Key Technology Support Program(2012BAD19B06)funded by the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture in China
文摘Dry heat treatment has been identifie as a method for disinfecting seed-borne pathogens in vegetable seeds. This study demonstrated that three seed-borne pathogens of cucumber(Cladosporium cucumerinum that causes scabs, Ascochyta citrullina that results in gummy stem blight,and Colletotrichum orbiculare that induces anthracnose) could be effectively eradicated from cucumber seeds by dry heat treatment. In vitro growth of these three pathogens was inhibited by dry heat treatment at 70 °C for 40 min. These pathogens were inactivated after exposing infected seeds to 70 °C dry heat for at least 90 min. Seed infection was significant y reduced by exposing the seeds to 70 °C dry heat for at least 40 min. Seed moisture content and germination were slightly reduced after 70 °C heat treatment for 40–120 min. Seed vigor remained at a high level after dry heat treatment at 70 °C for 90 min. In conclusion, 70 °C dry heat treatment for 90 min was determined to be the optimal method for eradication of C. cucumerinum, Didymella bryoniae, and C. orbiculare from cucumber seeds.
文摘Silica aerogels were prepared at ambient drying by using ethanol/trimethylchlorosilane （TMCS）/heptane solution as pore water exchange and surface modification of the wet gel before drying. The obtained silica aerogels exhibit a sponge-like structure with uniform pore size distribution. The effects of heat-treatment on the hydrophobicity, specific surface area and other properties were investigated. The results indicated that the hydrophobicity of silica aerogels could be maintained up to 350℃. With increasing heating temperature, hydrophobicity decreased, and became completely hydrophilic after heat-treatment at 500℃. Brunaueremmitt-teller （BET） surface area results indicated that the specific surface area of silica aerogels increased with increasing heating temperature in the range of 150-500℃. The effects of heat-treatment on the morphology and chemical bonding state of silica aerogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, differential temperature analysis （DTA） and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）.
文摘商用大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolate,SPI)经高温喷雾干燥处理后,蛋白会发生一定程度的变性聚集,使溶解性等功能性质降低。本研究通过添加不同含量的儿茶素(Catechin,C),探究儿茶素-大豆蛋白相互作用对喷雾干燥大豆分离蛋白结构和功能特性的影响。结果表明:随着儿茶素添加量的增加,儿茶素的荷载率和装载含量逐渐增加,SPI与儿茶素结合后其表面疏水性和巯基含量逐渐下降;添加儿茶素可有效改善喷雾干燥SPI导致的功能下降问题,在儿茶素添加量为1%时,与对照组SPI相比,溶解性提高了36.4%,乳化性、乳化稳定性分别提高了13.7%和14.3%;在儿茶素添加量为0.25%时,凝胶硬度与对照组相比提高了43.6%,进一步研究发现凝胶网络结构主要依赖于二硫键,其次是氢键、离子键,且此时凝胶流变特性中的储能模量显著高于其他各处理组(P<0.05);通过原子力显微镜发现,添加儿茶素后凝胶的微观结构向规则均匀致密转化,当儿茶素添加量为0.25%时,复合物凝胶的聚集程度较小,但儿茶素的加入降低了喷雾干燥SPI的消化率。综上所述,在喷雾干燥过程中儿茶素能够与SPI中的基团结合,导致巯基含量和表面疏水性降低,进而干预了蛋白质分子间的热聚集,从而改善SPI的功能特性。
