The purpose of this study is to conduct the dryout point and heat transfer correlation for subcooled boiling flow in narrow annuli. First, the dryout point of subcooled flow boiling of water was measured in narrow ann...The purpose of this study is to conduct the dryout point and heat transfer correlation for subcooled boiling flow in narrow annuli. First, the dryout point of subcooled flow boiling of water was measured in narrow annular channels under the working condition of pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 MPa and low mass flow rate from 6 to 60 kgm^-2 s^-1. Experimental test channels were annular and heated bilaterally with the channel gap of lmm and 1.5mm, and heated length of 1500mm.The location of the dryout was observed and measured by experiment with investigating the various system parameter effects on dryout point, and the results show that the location of dryout point is basically stable and repeating and the heat transfer coefficient increased with heat flux, mass flux and pressure, however, decreases with the gap size. Next, new correlations of CHF and critical vapor quality for narrow annular channels was proposed and calculation results shown a good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
Based on the droplet-diffusion model by Kirillov and Smogalev (1969, 1972), a new analytical model of dryout point prediction in the steam-water flow for bilaterally and uniformly heated narrow annular gap was devel- ...Based on the droplet-diffusion model by Kirillov and Smogalev (1969, 1972), a new analytical model of dryout point prediction in the steam-water flow for bilaterally and uniformly heated narrow annular gap was devel- oped. Comparisons of the present model predictions with experimental results indicated that a good agreement in ac- curacy for the experimental parametric range (pressure from 0.8 to 3.5 MPa, mass flux of 60.39 to 135.6 kg?m-2?s-1 and heat flux of 5 to 50 kW?m-2). Prediction of dryout point was experimentally investigated with deionized water upflowing through narrow annular channel with 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm gap heated by AC power supply.展开更多
Prediction of dryout point is experimentally investigated with deionized water upflowing through narrow annular channel with 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm gap respectively. The annulus with narrow gap is bilaterally heated by AC ...Prediction of dryout point is experimentally investigated with deionized water upflowing through narrow annular channel with 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm gap respectively. The annulus with narrow gap is bilaterally heated by AC current power supply. The experimental conditions covered a range of pressure from 0.8 to 3.5 MPa, mass flux of 26.6 to 68.8 kg?m-2?s-1 and wall heat flux of 5 to 50 kW?m-2. The location of dryout is obtained by observing a sudden rise in surface temperature. Kutateladze correlation is cited and modified to predict the location of dryout and proved to be not a proper one. Considering in detail the effects of geometry of annuli, pressure, mass flux and heat flux on dryout, an empirical correction is finally developed to predict dryout point in narrow annular gap under low flow condition, which has a good agreement with experimental data.展开更多
Gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer can be encountered in numerous fields, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration, nuclear power reactor, metallurgical industry, spaceflight. Its critical heat flux (CHF) ...Gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer can be encountered in numerous fields, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration, nuclear power reactor, metallurgical industry, spaceflight. Its critical heat flux (CHF) is one of the most important factors for the system security of engineering applications. Since annular flow is the most common flow pattern in gas-liquid two-phase flow, predicting CHF of annular two-phase flow is more significant. Many studies have shown that the liquid film dryout model is successful for that prediction, and determining the following parameters will exert predominant effects on the accuracy of this model: onset of annular flow, inception criterion for droplets entrainment, entrainment fraction, droplets deposition and entrainment rates. The main theoretical results achieved on the above five parameters are reviewed; also, limitations in the existing studies and problems for further research are discussed.展开更多
在低质量流速条件下,对垂直上升内螺纹管内汽水两相流动沸腾传热特性进行了系统的试验研究。试验段采用了材料为SA-213T12的φ32mm×6.3mm四头内螺纹管。试验参数范围为压力p=12～21MPa,质量流速G=232～773kg/(m2·s),内壁热流...在低质量流速条件下,对垂直上升内螺纹管内汽水两相流动沸腾传热特性进行了系统的试验研究。试验段采用了材料为SA-213T12的φ32mm×6.3mm四头内螺纹管。试验参数范围为压力p=12～21MPa,质量流速G=232～773kg/(m2·s),内壁热流密度q=132～663kW/m2。试验得到了不同工况下垂直上升内螺纹管的壁温分布特性,分析了压力、内壁热负荷和质量流速变化对内螺纹管传热特性的影响,探讨了传热恶化的发生机制,并给出了能用于工程实际的传热试验关联式。试验结果表明:在亚临界及近临界压力区,垂直上升内螺纹管会发生第2类传热恶化——干涸(dryout),而在试验中未观测到第1类传热恶化——膜态沸腾(departure from nucleate boiling,DNB)。压力与内壁热负荷的增大,以及质量流速的减小,均会导致干涸提前发生和干涸后的壁温飞升值增大。与亚临界压力区相比,内螺纹管在近临界压力区的传热特性变差,管壁温度显著升高,发生传热恶化时的临界焓值减小。展开更多
针对二氧化碳作为制冷剂在微细通道内两相流沸腾换热进行了实验与理论研究,采用红外成像观测与传热系数实验研究,定量与定性地分析了热通量2~35 k W·m-2,饱和温度-10~10℃工况时,内径为1、2、3 mm圆管内的传热系数。实验结果表明...针对二氧化碳作为制冷剂在微细通道内两相流沸腾换热进行了实验与理论研究,采用红外成像观测与传热系数实验研究,定量与定性地分析了热通量2~35 k W·m-2,饱和温度-10~10℃工况时,内径为1、2、3 mm圆管内的传热系数。实验结果表明：当质量流率增加时干涸起始干度逐渐降低,当质量流率小于临界值时,干涸现象结束之后,传热系数随着质量流率增加基本维持不变,而当质量流率大于临界值时,干涸现象结束之后,随着质量流率增加传热系数相应增加;随着管径增加,干涸发生的质量流率越小,临界热通量越大,同时管径越小传热系数越高。展开更多
针对CO2作为制冷剂在微细通道内流动沸腾换热进行了实验与理论研究,采用红外成像观测与换热系数实验研究定量与定性的分析了热流密度：2-35 k W/m^2,饱和温度：-10-15℃工况时,内径为1 mm、2 mm圆管内的换热系数。实验结果表明：热流密...针对CO2作为制冷剂在微细通道内流动沸腾换热进行了实验与理论研究,采用红外成像观测与换热系数实验研究定量与定性的分析了热流密度：2-35 k W/m^2,饱和温度：-10-15℃工况时,内径为1 mm、2 mm圆管内的换热系数。实验结果表明：热流密度的增加强化了微细通道内工质核态沸腾换热,使换热系数得到显著提高;换热系数随饱和温度非单调变化,饱和温度较高时,越接近CO2临界温度其换热系数随饱和温度升高而增加,当饱和温度在低温工况时换热系数则随其降低而增加,换热过程中发生干涸干度随饱和温度升高而单调降低。展开更多
对CO_2在水平微细管内流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究。实验工况:饱和温度-40~0℃,热通量5~35 k W·m^(-2),质量流率200~1500 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),管径1.5 mm。实验结果表明:热通量增加对于强化核态沸腾换热具有显著影响,同时...对CO_2在水平微细管内流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究。实验工况:饱和温度-40~0℃,热通量5~35 k W·m^(-2),质量流率200~1500 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),管径1.5 mm。实验结果表明:热通量增加对于强化核态沸腾换热具有显著影响,同时加快干涸发展进程,降低干涸起始干度;质量流率对于传热系数的影响较小,随着质量流率的增加干涸起始干度降低,干涸后的传热系数有所增加;饱和温度对CO_2物性的影响是造成其不同工况时换热特性差异的主要原因,饱和温度升高干涸起始干度具有降低的趋势,且干涸后传热系数下降更为剧烈。通过与理论预测模型的对比研究:Cheng模型对干涸前具有较高的预测精度,在30%误差带内预测精度达到77.1%,绝对平均偏差为20.5%,干涸后对应预测精度比与绝对平均偏差仅为22.9%与57.8%。展开更多
在低质量流率条件下,对垂直上升内螺纹管在亚临界和近临界压力区的传热特性进行了实验研究。实验参数范围为压力p=12-22.5 MPa,质量流率G=170-420 kg/（m^2·s）,内壁热负荷q=150-366 k W/m^2。实验结果表明：在亚临界压力区,垂直...在低质量流率条件下,对垂直上升内螺纹管在亚临界和近临界压力区的传热特性进行了实验研究。实验参数范围为压力p=12-22.5 MPa,质量流率G=170-420 kg/（m^2·s）,内壁热负荷q=150-366 k W/m^2。实验结果表明：在亚临界压力区,垂直上升内螺纹管发生了第二类传热恶化,即干涸（dryout）。内壁热负荷和压力的增大,均会导致干涸点的提前以及干涸后内壁温度的峰值增大。质量流率对干涸点的影响呈现非单调性,存在一界限质量流率。当质量流率小于界限质量流率时,干涸点随质量流率的增加而提前;当质量流率大于界限质量流率时,干涸点随质量流率的增加而推迟。在近临界压力区的亚临界压力部分,内壁热负荷较高时容易发生第一类传热恶化,即膜态沸腾（DNB）。内壁热负荷的增大和质量流率的减小,均会导致传热恶化的提前以及膜态沸腾后的温度飞升值增加。在近临界压力区的超临界压力部分,内螺纹管传热良好,在拟临界区域出现一定程度的传热强化,其传热特性和亚临界压力区的传热特性相似。展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 50076014） and the Project of Major State Basic Research Program （No. G2000026303）.
文摘The purpose of this study is to conduct the dryout point and heat transfer correlation for subcooled boiling flow in narrow annuli. First, the dryout point of subcooled flow boiling of water was measured in narrow annular channels under the working condition of pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 MPa and low mass flow rate from 6 to 60 kgm^-2 s^-1. Experimental test channels were annular and heated bilaterally with the channel gap of lmm and 1.5mm, and heated length of 1500mm.The location of the dryout was observed and measured by experiment with investigating the various system parameter effects on dryout point, and the results show that the location of dryout point is basically stable and repeating and the heat transfer coefficient increased with heat flux, mass flux and pressure, however, decreases with the gap size. Next, new correlations of CHF and critical vapor quality for narrow annular channels was proposed and calculation results shown a good agreement with the experimental data.
文摘Based on the droplet-diffusion model by Kirillov and Smogalev (1969, 1972), a new analytical model of dryout point prediction in the steam-water flow for bilaterally and uniformly heated narrow annular gap was devel- oped. Comparisons of the present model predictions with experimental results indicated that a good agreement in ac- curacy for the experimental parametric range (pressure from 0.8 to 3.5 MPa, mass flux of 60.39 to 135.6 kg?m-2?s-1 and heat flux of 5 to 50 kW?m-2). Prediction of dryout point was experimentally investigated with deionized water upflowing through narrow annular channel with 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm gap heated by AC power supply.
文摘Prediction of dryout point is experimentally investigated with deionized water upflowing through narrow annular channel with 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm gap respectively. The annulus with narrow gap is bilaterally heated by AC current power supply. The experimental conditions covered a range of pressure from 0.8 to 3.5 MPa, mass flux of 26.6 to 68.8 kg?m-2?s-1 and wall heat flux of 5 to 50 kW?m-2. The location of dryout is obtained by observing a sudden rise in surface temperature. Kutateladze correlation is cited and modified to predict the location of dryout and proved to be not a proper one. Considering in detail the effects of geometry of annuli, pressure, mass flux and heat flux on dryout, an empirical correction is finally developed to predict dryout point in narrow annular gap under low flow condition, which has a good agreement with experimental data.
基金Project (No. 2006C24G2010027) supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer can be encountered in numerous fields, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration, nuclear power reactor, metallurgical industry, spaceflight. Its critical heat flux (CHF) is one of the most important factors for the system security of engineering applications. Since annular flow is the most common flow pattern in gas-liquid two-phase flow, predicting CHF of annular two-phase flow is more significant. Many studies have shown that the liquid film dryout model is successful for that prediction, and determining the following parameters will exert predominant effects on the accuracy of this model: onset of annular flow, inception criterion for droplets entrainment, entrainment fraction, droplets deposition and entrainment rates. The main theoretical results achieved on the above five parameters are reviewed; also, limitations in the existing studies and problems for further research are discussed.
文摘在低质量流速条件下,对垂直上升内螺纹管内汽水两相流动沸腾传热特性进行了系统的试验研究。试验段采用了材料为SA-213T12的φ32mm×6.3mm四头内螺纹管。试验参数范围为压力p=12～21MPa,质量流速G=232～773kg/(m2·s),内壁热流密度q=132～663kW/m2。试验得到了不同工况下垂直上升内螺纹管的壁温分布特性,分析了压力、内壁热负荷和质量流速变化对内螺纹管传热特性的影响,探讨了传热恶化的发生机制,并给出了能用于工程实际的传热试验关联式。试验结果表明:在亚临界及近临界压力区,垂直上升内螺纹管会发生第2类传热恶化——干涸(dryout),而在试验中未观测到第1类传热恶化——膜态沸腾(departure from nucleate boiling,DNB)。压力与内壁热负荷的增大,以及质量流速的减小,均会导致干涸提前发生和干涸后的壁温飞升值增大。与亚临界压力区相比,内螺纹管在近临界压力区的传热特性变差,管壁温度显著升高,发生传热恶化时的临界焓值减小。
文摘针对二氧化碳作为制冷剂在微细通道内两相流沸腾换热进行了实验与理论研究,采用红外成像观测与传热系数实验研究,定量与定性地分析了热通量2~35 k W·m-2,饱和温度-10~10℃工况时,内径为1、2、3 mm圆管内的传热系数。实验结果表明：当质量流率增加时干涸起始干度逐渐降低,当质量流率小于临界值时,干涸现象结束之后,传热系数随着质量流率增加基本维持不变,而当质量流率大于临界值时,干涸现象结束之后,随着质量流率增加传热系数相应增加;随着管径增加,干涸发生的质量流率越小,临界热通量越大,同时管径越小传热系数越高。
文摘针对CO2作为制冷剂在微细通道内流动沸腾换热进行了实验与理论研究,采用红外成像观测与换热系数实验研究定量与定性的分析了热流密度：2-35 k W/m^2,饱和温度：-10-15℃工况时,内径为1 mm、2 mm圆管内的换热系数。实验结果表明：热流密度的增加强化了微细通道内工质核态沸腾换热,使换热系数得到显著提高;换热系数随饱和温度非单调变化,饱和温度较高时,越接近CO2临界温度其换热系数随饱和温度升高而增加,当饱和温度在低温工况时换热系数则随其降低而增加,换热过程中发生干涸干度随饱和温度升高而单调降低。
文摘对CO_2在水平微细管内流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究。实验工况:饱和温度-40~0℃,热通量5~35 k W·m^(-2),质量流率200~1500 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),管径1.5 mm。实验结果表明:热通量增加对于强化核态沸腾换热具有显著影响,同时加快干涸发展进程,降低干涸起始干度;质量流率对于传热系数的影响较小,随着质量流率的增加干涸起始干度降低,干涸后的传热系数有所增加;饱和温度对CO_2物性的影响是造成其不同工况时换热特性差异的主要原因,饱和温度升高干涸起始干度具有降低的趋势,且干涸后传热系数下降更为剧烈。通过与理论预测模型的对比研究:Cheng模型对干涸前具有较高的预测精度,在30%误差带内预测精度达到77.1%,绝对平均偏差为20.5%,干涸后对应预测精度比与绝对平均偏差仅为22.9%与57.8%。
文摘在低质量流率条件下,对垂直上升内螺纹管在亚临界和近临界压力区的传热特性进行了实验研究。实验参数范围为压力p=12-22.5 MPa,质量流率G=170-420 kg/（m^2·s）,内壁热负荷q=150-366 k W/m^2。实验结果表明：在亚临界压力区,垂直上升内螺纹管发生了第二类传热恶化,即干涸（dryout）。内壁热负荷和压力的增大,均会导致干涸点的提前以及干涸后内壁温度的峰值增大。质量流率对干涸点的影响呈现非单调性,存在一界限质量流率。当质量流率小于界限质量流率时,干涸点随质量流率的增加而提前;当质量流率大于界限质量流率时,干涸点随质量流率的增加而推迟。在近临界压力区的亚临界压力部分,内壁热负荷较高时容易发生第一类传热恶化,即膜态沸腾（DNB）。内壁热负荷的增大和质量流率的减小,均会导致传热恶化的提前以及膜态沸腾后的温度飞升值增加。在近临界压力区的超临界压力部分,内螺纹管传热良好,在拟临界区域出现一定程度的传热强化,其传热特性和亚临界压力区的传热特性相似。
