A Dual Wavelength Differential First Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Identification and Determination of Carbon Monoxide Generated During the Microsomal Metabolism of Xenobiotics in vitro

A dual wavelength differential first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed to standardize the concentration of a saturated aqueous solution of carbon monoxide (CO) as the standard and to identify and to determine CO formed during the microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. The method can significantly eliminate the background interference in the assay media and increase the quantitative accuracy and the sensitivity. There is a good linear relationship between CO concentration in the range of 2～10 μmol·L 1 CO and the distance D between the first derivative peak at 415 nm amd valley at 426 nm with r=0.9999(n=5),the regression equation being C (mmol·L 1 )=17.6D 0.4, the detection limit lower than 0.1 μmol·L 1 CO. The average recoveries of CO from the assay system and the sample were 102.1%, RSD=2.9% (n=7) and 79.7%, RSD=6.8% (n=12),respectively. The RSD of within day was 4.4%(n=18),and the RSD of day to day was 6.1%(n=16). By this method, four trihaloanilines and one trihalobenzene were tested, the results showed that only 2,4,5 trifluoroaniline could be converted to CO by the incubation with rat hepatic microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, the ability of phenobarbital or dexamethasone to induce rat hepatic microsomes to catalyze CO formation was 3 or 8 times higher than that of the control.

Study on Monoxide Emission Spectrometry of Rare Earth Elements Ⅰ. Determination of Sm in Rare Earth Concentrate by Dual Wavelength Method

On the basis of investigated enhancement effect of La, Nd, Eu, and Y on Sm determination with monoxide molecular emission spectrometry, La was selected as enhancement agent and chemical interference inhibitor. In the presence of La, dual wavelength mothod was introduced to eliminate the spectral interference on Sm by other elements. A new method was established to determine samarium in high yttrium rare earth samples with satisfactory results.

A Study of Air/Space-borne Dual-Wavelength Radar for Estimation of Rain Profiles

In this study, a framework is given by which air/space-borne dual-wavelength radar data can be used to estimate the characteristic parameters of hydrometeors. The focus of the study is on the Global Precipitation Measurement （GPM） precipitation radar, a dual-wavelength radar that will operate in the Ku （13.6 GHz） and Ka （35 GHz） bands. A key aspect of the retrievals is the relationship between the differential frequency ratio （DFR） and the median volume diameter, Do, and its dependence on the phase state of the hydrometeors. It is shown that parametric plots of Do and particle concentration in the plane of the DFR and the radar reflectivity factor in the Ku band can be used to reduce the ambiguities in deriving Do from DFR. A self-consistent iterative algorithm, which does not require the use of an independent pathattenuation constraint, is examined by applying it to the apparent radar reflectivity profiles simulated from a drop size distribution （DSD） model. For light to moderate rain, the self-consistent rain profiling approach converges to the correct solution only if the same shape factor of the Gamma distributions is used both to generate and retrieve the rain profiles. On the other hand, if the shape factors differ, the iteration generally converges but not to the correct solution. To further examine the dual-wavelength techniques, the selfconsistent iterative algorithm, along with forward and backward rain profiling algorithms, are applied to measurements taken from the 2nd generation Precipitation Radar （PR-2） built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Consistent with the model results, it is found that the estimated rain profiles are sensitive to the shape factor of the size distribution when the iterative, self-consistent approach is used but relatively insensitive to this parameter when the forward- and backward-constrained approaches are used.

Dual-wavelength distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor laser based on a composite resonant cavity

We report a monolithic integrated dual-wavelength laser diode based on a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） composite resonant cavity. The device consists of three sections, a DBR grating section, a passive phase section, and an active gain section. The gain section facet is cleaved to work as a laser cavity mirror. The other laser mirror is the DBR grating, which also functions as a wavelength filter and can control the number of wavelengths involved in the laser action. The reflection bandwidth of the DBR grating is fabricated to have an appropriate value to make the device work at the dual-wavelength lasing state. We adopt the quantum well intermixing （QWI） technique to provide low-absorption loss grating and passive phase section in the fabrication process. By tuning the injection currents on the DBR and the gain sections, the device can generate 0.596 nm-spaced dual-wavelength lasing at room temperature.

Variable spot size optical system for a dual-wavelength laser therapy device

The majority of existing high-power laser therapeutic instruments employ a single wavelength for a single target;thus,they do not meet the requirements for clinical treatment.Therefore,this study designs an optical system for a dual-wavelength high-power laser therapeutic device with a variable spot size.The waist of the short arm of the optical cavity and the G1G2 parameter(G-parameter equivalent cavity method)is calculated using MATLAB software,the spot size and divergence angle on the lens are calculated using an ABCD matrix,and the distance between the treatment spot at different spot sizes and the transformation lens is calculated in order to design the treatment handpiece.Experiments are conducted to analyze the stability at an output power of 532 nm before beam combination and the power loss after beam combination.The results show that the output power stability of the 532-nm beam varies by less than 2%over 150 min,and the loss of both wavelengths is less than 20%,which meets the clinical requirements of the system.The safety performance can meet the requirements of national general standards for medical electrical safety.The proposed dual-wavelength laser therapy instrument has both visible wave and near-infrared wave characteristics;thus,it can accurately target both superficial vessels and vessels with a larger diameter and deeper position.This therapeutic device has the advantages of simple operation,stable and reliable laser output,high security and strong anti-interference ability,and meets the comprehensive clinical treat-ment demands of vascular diseases.

Passively Q-switched dual-wavelength Yb：LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide saturable absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched Yb：LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide （WS2） saturable absorber op- erating at 1034 nm and 1056 nm simultaneously. The saturable absorbers were fabricated by spin coating method. With low speed, the WS2 nanoplatelets embedded in polyvinyl alcohol could be coated on a BK7 glass substrate coated with high-refractive-index thin polymer. The shortest pulse width of 1.6 gs with a repetition rate of 76.9 kHz is obtained. As the pump power increases to 9 W, the maximum output power is measured to be 250 mW, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 3.25 μJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to obtain dual-wavelength Q-switched solid-state laser using few-layer WS2 nanoplatelets.

Dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry for determination of trace Ru(Ⅲ)

A new dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace Ru(III)was studied.This method was based on Ru(III)-catalyzing oxidation of Arsenazo I and indigo carmine by potassium bromate in sulfuric acid.The absorbances of the catalytic and noncatalytic systems were measured at 510 and610 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the linear range of determination is 0–0.12 lgáml-1and the detection limit is 1.21 9 10-4lgáml-1.The method was applied for the determination of trace Ru(III)in ore samples with satisfactory results.

An all-solid-state high power quasi-continuous-wave tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system using birefringence filter

This paper describes a tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system with quasi-continuous-wave and high-power outputs. In the design of the laser, it adopts a frequency-doubled Nd：YAG laser as the pumping source, and the birefringence filter as the tuning element. Tunable dual-wavelength outputs with one wavelength range from 700 nm to 756.5 nm, another from 830 nm to 900mn have been demonstrated. With a pump power of 23 W at 532 nm, a repetition rate of 7 kHz and a pulse width of 47.6 ns, an output power of 5.1 W at 744.8 nm and 860.9 nm with a pulse width of 13.2 ns and a line width of 3 nm has been obtained, it indicates an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 22.2%.

Correcting Wavefront Distortion of Dual-Wavelength Beams Due to Atmospheric Turbulence with a Correction Coefficient

In order to improve the correction effect of the adaptive optical system in coherent optical communication, we investigate the relative distortion between the wavefronts of different wavelengths of the beams transmitted on the near-ground horizontal atmospheric turbulent links emitted by coherent optical communication system. And the situation is analyzed when the wavelength corresponding to the wavefront detected by the wavefront detector and the wavelength corrected by the deformed mirror are different, the influence of the wavelength factor on the adaptive optical system correction. We use a series of trigonometric functions and the Hankel transformation to derive the corrected residual variance and the Strehl ratio between the wavefront distortions of the wavelengths of the dual-wavelength combined beam in atmospheric turbulence. In relation to the parameters of the turbulent environment, the ensemble average of the wavefront difference corresponding to different wavelengths the derived is proposed as the coefficient to correct the dual-wavelength adaptive optical system. The results show that the statistic of the turbulence internal scale has a major influence on the difference between the wavefronts. By adding the correction coefficient, the signal light’s wavefront of the coherent optical communication system can be corrected more effectively by the dual-wavelength adaptive optical closure.

Observation of stable bound soliton with dual-wavelength in a passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser

A phase-locked bound state soliton with dual-wavelength is observed experimentally in a passively mode-locked Erdoped fiber（EDF） laser with a fiber loop mirror（FLM）. The pulse duration of the soliton is 15 ps and the peak-to-peak separation is 125 ps. The repetition rate of the pulse sequence is 3.47 MHz. The output power is 11.8 mW at the pump power of 128 mW, corresponding to the pulse energy of 1.52 nJ. The FLM with a polarization controller can produce a comb spectrum, which acts as a filter. By adjusting the polarization controller or varying the pump power, the central wavelength of the comb spectrum can be tuned. When it combines with the reflective spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating, the total spectrum of the cavity can be cleaved into two parts, then the bound state soliton with dual-wavelength at 1549.7 nm and 1550.4 nm is obtained.

Dual-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fibre laser using a nonlinear polarization rotation technique

We report on the generation of dual-wavelength dissipative solitons in a passively mode-locked fibre laser with a net normal dispersion using the nonlinear polarization rotation （NPR） technique. Taking the intrinsic advantage of the intracavity birefringence-induced spectral filtering effect in the NPR-based ring laser cavity, the dual-wavelength dissipative solitons are obtained. In addition, the wavelength separation and the lasing location of the dual-wavelength solitons can be flexibly tuned by changing the orientation of the polarization controller.

Output Characteristics of Narrow No-Gain Competition Linewidth Dual-Wavelength Laser at 912 nm and 1064 nm

The output characteristics of a narrow linewidth, no-gain competition, dual-wavelength solid-state laser using an intra-cavity pumped method are reported. This system consists of an intra-cavity pumped Nd:YVO4 laser emitting at 1064 nm, using a 912 nm Nd:GdVO4 laser. A Fabry-Perot etalon is used to compress the linewidth that located at the common cavity of 912 nm and 1064 nm laser. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification were carried out. When the pump power is 32.8 W, the output of 912 nm and 1064 nm theoretical value is 0.036 W and 0.046 W, and the experimental value is 0.017 W and 0.016 W, respectively. The change trend of the theoretical simulated output power value was the same as the actual measured value in the experiment. In addition to this, the experimental measurement shows when the etalon with an angle of 15?, corresponding minimum linewidths were 0.284 nm and 0.627 nm, respectively.

Mid-IR dual-wavelength difference frequency generation in uniform grating PPLN using index dispersion control

A novel widely tunable dual-wavelength mid-IR difference frequency generation （DFG） scheme with uniform grating periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） is presented in this paper. By using the temperature-dependent dispersion property of PPLN, the quasi-phase matching （QPM） peak for the pump may evolve into two separate ones and the wavelength spacing between them increases with the decrease of the crystal temperature. Such two pump QPM peaks may allow simultaneous dual-wavelength mid-IR laser radiations while properly setting the two fundamental pump wavelengths. With this scheme, mid-IR dual-wavelength laser radiations at around 3.228 and 3.548, 3.114 and 3.661, and 3.019 and 3.76 μm, are experimentally achieved for the crystal temperatures of 90, 65, and 30 ℃, respectively, based on the fiber laser fundamental lights.

双波长光度法测定热处理橡胶木中支链淀粉和直链淀粉的含量

橡胶木中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的组成比例直接影响淀粉的化学特性,橡胶木热处理过程中,淀粉发生不同程度热降解影响其比例发生变化,分析其含量变化将为热处理橡胶木热解机制研究提供理论基础.研究采用单因素法优化了提取方法参数,并建立了双波长光度法检测橡胶木中直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量的定量分析方法,检验了该分析方法的精密度、稳定性和加标回收率.结果表明,直链淀粉和支链淀粉的标准曲线方程分别为y=0.02499x-0.1136和y=0.00159x-0.0005,其回归系数R^(2)均为0.998,方法前处理样品简便、快速,分析方法稳定性好、灵敏度高,回收率稳定,适用于橡胶木中直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量的定量分析.分析比较了橡胶木素材及不同温度(125、155、185℃)热处理橡胶木中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量,橡胶木素材中支链淀粉含量远高于直链淀粉,质量比约为8∶1.随着热处理温度升高至155℃,直链淀粉含量出现明显下降,而温度升高至185℃,支链淀粉含量出现明显下降趋势.

96份谷子种质资源淀粉多样性及优异资源鉴选利用

采用双波长微量法对国内有代表性的96份谷子种质资源的直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量进行了测定,分析其淀粉多样性与直/支比变异类型。结果表明,各品种直链淀粉含量介于0~24.91%,平均值为15.66%,支链淀粉含量介于4.77%~34.26%,平均值为14.67%;44份育成品种和52份地方品种直链淀粉含量变化幅度分别为8.66%~21.81%和0~24.91%;96份谷子的直/支比变化范围为0~3.60,平均为1.18,其中直/支比<0.05的地方品种仅2个,而直/支比>0.33的品种93个,占总数的96.87%。直链淀粉含量小于3.5%的糯性品种3个,其中完全糯性品种2个;高直链淀粉品种4个,直链淀粉含量介于12.0%~18.0%的种质有60份,占总数的62.50%。筛选出适合加工糍粑、汤圆类糯质食品的地方品种3个,为红毛谷、三爪谷和酒谷;可用于加工米粉等高膳食纤维的地方品种4个,分别为金皇谷、金棒子、茄谷和山西白米。96份谷子种质资源中地方品种直链淀粉变异类型较为丰富,育成品种直链淀粉遗传基础相对单一。

双波长激光联合生物陶瓷材料iRoot SP辅助磨牙根管治疗效果分析

目的:探讨双波长激光联合生物陶瓷材料iRoot SP辅助磨牙根管治疗的效果。方法:选择2020年1月—2023年6月收治的104例磨牙根管治疗患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,每组52例。对照组采用iRoot SP糊剂进行根管充填,试验组以双波长激光(Nd:YAG和Er:YAG)联合iRoot SP糊剂进行治疗。比较2组总有效率、疼痛程度及并发症,观察治疗前、治疗后6周及12周的血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、出血指数(bleeding index,BI)、牙周探诊深度(depth of periodontal probing,PD)和临床附着水平(clinical attachment level,CAL)。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:试验组总有效率显著高于对照组,根管填充后疼痛程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组治疗后6、12周的IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、BI、PD和CAL显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:双波长激光联合生物陶瓷材料iRoot SP辅助磨牙根管治疗效果较为理想,有利于减轻牙周炎症和疼痛程度。

基于光谱合束的双波长输出Nd:YAG固体激光器

报道了一种基于光谱合束的Nd:YAG固体激光器双波长光源。系统由两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器通过光谱合束组合而成,两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器可独立工作,有利于输出脉冲的波长调谐、功率调节和相对延迟调整。通过光栅的色散特性以及输出镜的共同外腔反馈将各个激光器锁定在不同波长,从而实现合束,获得的激光源中心波长锁定在1 061.5 nm和1 064.6 nm,两谱线中心间距为3.1 nm,组合光束的输出能量为173 mJ,组合光束的光束质量因子M2为2.8×2.2;两个Nd:YAG激光器独立工作的输出能量分别为94 mJ和92 mJ,在合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.7和2.1,在非合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.2和1.9;组合光束的输出能量为两个Nd:YAG激光器能量总和的93%,组合光束的光束质量因子与单个Nd:YAG激光束的光束质量因子M2基本相同。该双波长激光源满足波长间隔小、输出功率大小相近、同光轴等要求,在太赫兹波产生、测速激光雷达以及医疗仪器等应用领域具有重要作用。

双波长近红外拉曼光谱仪及在腐蚀产物分析中的应用

在拉曼光谱测试中某些物质存在荧光发射背景,由于荧光强度一般比拉曼散射强度高几个数量级,在荧光干扰时几乎无法获得有效的拉曼光谱信号。为抑制荧光背景,可选用近红外波段激光作为激发光源,而硅基探测器在1 000 nm以上波段时光量子效率严重下降,导致近红外拉曼光谱仪器难以探测3 000 cm^(-1)以上的波段,存在荧光抑制效果与检测范围无法兼顾的问题。由于高波数的拉曼特征峰是识别材料种类和解析材料结构的重要依据,如氨基的N—H伸缩振动峰在3 300 cm^(-1)附近、 OH-伸缩振动峰在3 650 cm^(-1),这些基团是分析材料腐蚀产物、水合物、有机物等的重要依据。因此,迫切需要开发一种解决拉曼光谱仪器无法兼顾荧光抑制效果和检测光谱范围问题的方法。该工作提出一种采用光谱仪固定检测波段、 730和830 nm双波长激光“接力”激发的方案(即830 nm激发低波数拉曼、 730 nm激发高波数拉曼)。通过双激光波长“接力”激发、固定检测波段的新设计,可有效拓宽检测范围至200~3 700 cm^(-1),并且不会降低光谱分辨率(达到6 cm^(-1)),与此同时整机光路无机械可动部件,可靠性高便于实现便携式设计。通过样机进行测试,证明该技术方案具备高灵敏度、较好荧光抑制效果、宽检测范围和较高光谱分辨率等优势。通过研制的双波长近红外拉曼光谱仪获得了铀腐蚀产物、有机涂层下的LiH潮解产物的清晰拉曼信号,解决了特种材料无损检测的技术难题。该技术也适用于其他研究及检测领域,特别是拉曼散射截面小、荧光背景高的物质检测。由于双波长近红外拉曼光谱仪可覆盖200~3 700 cm^(-1)检测范围,为多数水合物、含羟基及氨基官能团物质的拉曼检测提供了一种可行的技术途径。

双波长同步干涉检测中基于莫尔条纹加乘变换的合成波长载频交叠干涉术

双波长同步干涉测量(SDWI)能够以更高的效率扩展传统单波长干涉测量的测量范围。但是难以直接从双波长同步干涉测量中生成的加性莫尔条纹包络线中解耦提取所需波长较长的拍频合成波长(λs)信息。本文提出了一种从加性莫尔条纹图中提取相位分布信息的合成波长载频交叠干涉术。通过莫尔条纹加乘转换,在得到乘性莫尔条纹图中,合成波长的干涉信息以叠加形式独立于其他波长的干涉信息。随后,从4帧乘性莫尔条纹图的频谱滤波提取出相移为π/2的合成波长移相干涉图。最后,对提取的4帧合成波长移相干涉图进行重新排列合成单一时空条纹图(STF)。通过将时域相移转换为空域载频,利用频谱滤波和傅里叶逆变换提取出合成波长的测试相位。与传统的双波长空域傅里叶变换解调理论相比,本论文方法在不消除背景分量的情况下,所需空域线性载频仅为前者的0.127倍左右。仿真和实验结果验证了本文方法的可行性和适用性。

双波长纳秒激光清洗技术在大理石文物上的应用

传统的清洗方法不能对文物表面较小污染颗粒进行清洗,并且容易造成文物表面不可逆的损伤。为提高清洗污染物的能力,激光清洗技术逐渐应用于不同类型文物的清洗。本文研制了纳秒激光清洗系统并对故宫博物院的大理石模拟样品和大理石碎片进行清洗,清洗的对象是黑色结壳污染物。为了避免变黄效应,采用波长为1064 nm近红外光与355 nm紫外相结合的方法对大理石模拟样本进行激光清洗。当两者的能量密度比值为3∶2时,显微观测系统的照片显示有较好的清洗效果。将此比值应用于大理石碎片样本,利用显微拉曼光谱仪对清洗效果进行分析。实验结果证实了激光清洗的优势,也为激光清洗大理石表面污染物提供参数和评价方法参考。本文研究也为激光清洗技术在其他石质文物表面的清洗提供借鉴。