Dual Additives for Stabilizing Li Deposition and SEI Formation in Anode-Free Li-Metal Batteries

Anode-free Li-metal batteries are of significant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsically high energy.However,the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li continuously consume active Li during cycling.That results in a short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency of anode-free Li-metal batteries.Introducing effective electrolyte additives can improve the Li deposition homogeneity and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)stability for anode-free Li-metal batteries.Herein,we reveal that introducing dual additives,composed of LiAsF6 and fluoroethylene carbonate,into a low-cost commercial carbonate electrolyte will boost the cycle life and average Coulombic efficiency of NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries.The NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with the dual additives exhibit a capacity retention of about 75%after 50 cycles,much higher than those with bare electrolytes(35%).The average Coulombic efficiency of the NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with additives can maintain 98.3%over 100 cycles.In contrast,the average Coulombic efficiency without additives rapidly decline to 97%after only 50 cycles.In situ Raman measurements reveal that the prepared dual additives facilitate denser and smoother Li morphology during Li deposition.The dual additives significantly suppress the Li dendrite growth,enabling stable SEI formation on anode and cathode surfaces.Our results provide a broad view of developing low-cost and high-effective functional electrolytes for high-energy and long-life anode-free Li-metal batteries.

DUAL QUATERNION CURVE INTERPOLATION ALGORITHM FOR FORMATION SATELLITES

The traditional algorithms for formation flying satellites treat the satellite position and attitude sepa- rately. A novel algorithm combining satellite attitude with position is proposed. The principal satellite trajectory is obtained by dual quaternion interpolation, then the relative position and attitude of the deputy satellite are ob- tained by dual quaternion modeling on the principal satellite. Through above process, relative position and atti- tude are unified. Compared with the orbital parameter and the quaternion methods, the simulation result proves that the algorithm can unify position and attitude, and satisfy the precision requirement of formation flying satel- lites.

The natural basis of the formation of the dual-nuclei structural model

The dual-nuclei spatial structure is composed of a regional central city, a port city and their spat ial relations in certain regions. In general, this spatial structure c ould be found in most of the coastal regions or regions along big rivers. In terms of the mechanism, the dual-nuclei structure is the result of the s patial interaction and the complementary characteristics of the center city and the port city. The 'marginal function' of the port city and its relationship with the central city has long been discussed in th e literature. On the one hand, drainage area is the main natural geo graphical background of the formation of the dual-nuclei spatial structure; the refore, we can build a theoretical geographic structure that is based on the drainage area. On the other hand, vicissitude of the coastline al so has important influence on the formation of the dual-nuclei spatial structure. It is especially meaningful if we can notice this when w e examine deeply the research on the spatial structure of delta.

Numerical Study of Mechanisms of the Vortex Formation in the Wake of Dual-Flapping Foils

The vortex formation and organization are the key to understand the intrinsic mechanism in flying and swimming in nature. The vortex wake of dual-flapping foils is numerically investigated using the immersed boundary method. Beside the deflection of the reversed von-Kármán vortex street, an interesting phenomenon, the deflection of the von-Kármán vortex street, is observed behind the dual-flapping foils. The deflected direction is not according to the initial direction of biplane’s flapping motion. And the deflection angle is related to the difference between upward and downward deflecting velocities.

Mechanism analysis of free formation of backing weld by the pulsed MAG-TIG double arc tandem welding

Because of the presence of lower-level automation and efficiency in the backing welding of medium–thick plates,pulse-metalactive-gas–metal-inert-gas(MAG–MIG)dual-arc welding was applied to backing welding of 24-mm-thick Q235-B plate and the process and mechanism of root welding with back formation were investigated.The heating position of the MAG-arc at the front of the molten pool could be adjusted by using the electromagnetic force between the MAG-arc and the MIG-arc,and part of the arc energy could work on the root face directly.By combining the arc-discharge behaviour and analysis of flow in the molten pool,the shear stress of a tungsten inert gas(TIG)arc to the molten pool could make the liquid metal flow backwards.Thus,the quality of the front and bottom liquid metal were reduced,which favored the balance and stability.Continuous and stable back formation with uniform penetration could be achieved by using the pulse MAG–TIG dual-arc welding technology.

竞争环境下双目标零售平台销售模式选择

电子商务行业发展迅速,具有“超越利润”战略导向以实现更广泛目标的组织正变得越来越普遍,兼顾消费者利益成为企业凸显竞争优势的方式。为此,本文构建由一个制造商和两个零售平台组成的两级供应链。其中,制造商和其中一个零售平台追求自身利润最大化,另外一个零售平台追求自身利润和消费者剩余的线性组合最大化,即考虑双目标最优。本文具体考虑两个零售平台分别选择转售模式或代理模式共四种情形,进而研究双目标零售平台销售模式选择问题,及其对供应链成员最优决策和供应链整体绩效的影响。结果表明:(1)在一定条件下,双目标零售平台能获得比竞争对手更高的利润;(2)当双目标零售平台选择转售模式时,无论其竞争对手选择哪种销售模式,其双目标策略都能使供应链总体利润得到优化;(3)当双目标零售平台的竞争对手选择代理模式时,其自身根据不同情况选择转售模式或者代理模式可以使两个零售平台的销售模式选择形成均衡。

多主元高熵材料的独特强韧化机制

多主元高熵材料拥有几乎无限的化学成分空间,其组织结构也可通过制备与加工工艺有效调控。因此,通过化学成分与组织结构的耦合设计,可有效协调多主元高熵材料中的各种强韧化机制,实现优异的综合力学性能。除传统单主元材料中的强韧化效应以外,多主元高熵材料还可具备独特的强韧化机制,从而获得更优的强度与塑韧性搭配。总结了多主元高熵材料相比于传统单主元材料的多种独特强韧化机制,包括宏量置换固溶与宏量间隙固溶、亚稳工程与双向相变、共生纳米双析与多层级析出、高应力孪生、高密度层错与迟滞马氏体相变、纳米非晶-多主元高熵晶体复合机制等。阐述了上述机制对应的多主元高熵材料成分与结构设计依据和思路,分析了典型机制在具体材料中的微观作用原理。进一步基于传统单主元材料中的经典强韧化机制与多主元高熵材料的独特性讨论了其它可能的强韧化机制。最后,展望了多主元高熵材料基于广阔成分与结构设计空间同时实现优异力学性能与其它功能特性方面的潜力,以有效发挥多主元高熵材料的独特优势和价值。

Metal oxides heterojunction derived Bi-In hybrid electrocatalyst for robust electroreduction of CO_(2) to formate

Electrochemical reduction of Bi-based metal oxides is regarded as an effective strategy to rationally design advanced electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Realizing high selectivity at high current density is important for formate production,but remains challenging.Herein,the BiIn hybrid electrocatalyst,deriving from the Bi2O3/In2O3heterojunction(MOD-Biln),shows excellent catalytic performance for CO_(2)RR.The Faradaic efficiency of formate(FEHCOO-) can be realized over 90% at a wide potential window from-0.4 to-1.4 V vs.RHE,while the partial current density of formate(jHCOO-) reaches about 136.7 mA cm^(-2)at-1.4 V in flow cell without IR-compensation.In additio n,the MOD-Biln exhibits superior stability with high selectivity of formate at 100 mA cm^(-2).Systematic characterizations prove the optimized catalytic sites and interface charge transfer of MOD-Biln,while theoretical calculation confirms that the hybrid structure with dual Bi/In metal sites contribute to the optimal free energy of*H and*OCHO intermediates on MOD-Biln surface,thus accelerating the formation and desorption step of*HCOOH to final formate production.Our work provides a facile and useful strategy to develop highly-active and stable electrocatalysts for CO_(2)RR.

双封隔取样压力数据深入解释方法研究

双封隔器是一种地层测试测压取样工具,取样过程通常需要泵抽几小时甚至十几小时,取得地层流体样品,获得压力和流量数据,但无法真实反映地层渗透率的探测范围。利用油藏模拟软件模拟双封隔器泵抽取样过程,引入Schroeter算法和Levitan算法这两种压力/流量数据反褶积算法,反演渗透率参数波及半径从几厘米到上百米,并使用数值模拟案例验证了只利用取样完成后的压力恢复数据进行反褶积方法的准确性和合理性。该研究应用于双封隔现场测井数据,采用反褶积方法得到渗透率探测半径31m,反褶积处理后的数据可用于产能预测,对正确认识油气藏具有重要意义。

考虑实体店服务水平的双渠道供应链决策优化研究

在同时考虑线上零售商与线下实体店服务的情况下,建立制造商为核心的双渠道供应链系统,分析实体双渠道、线上双渠道、混合双渠道3种结构下,不同服务效应及效用强度下制造商的最优渠道策略。研究发现,当服务效应强度较低时,制造商会选择线下双渠道模式;服务竞争效应下,制造商在价格竞争程度较低时可能会选择线上双渠道模式,而在搭便车效应下,制造商在价格竞争程度较高时才会选择线上双渠道模式;同时,服务竞争效应可能使制造商提供更高的批发价格以及更低的线上零售价格,使零售商在混合双渠道模式下提供更高的服务水平及线下零售价格。

基于二次规划的双感应测井反演方法

双感应电阻率反演由信号褶积测量原理,通过反褶积或正则化等线性方程组求解获得地层真实电阻率,对于准确求取储层含水饱和度具有重要意义。但传统的反褶积方法无法做到反褶积因子的准确计算,而Tikhonow正则化反演方法出现正则参数选择困难等问题。将反演问题转化为二次规划优化求解,并施加等式约束条件,可保证反演电阻率曲线的光滑性。目的针对等式约束的二次规划问题求解,方法本文基于神经计算原理和时间依赖的非线性动力系统,构造二次规划问题的递归人工神经网络模型,并采用改进Euler法同时模拟求解该模型的最优解和对偶问题解。结果现场实际应用表明,反演的地层电阻率有助于精准判断油、水层,相比原始测量电阻率,更加符合试油结果。结论基于二次规划的地层电阻率反演能够实现对地层原始电阻率的有效反演,具有较强的发现和识别油气储层的能力,可为油田的增储上产提供重要的技术支撑。

云南春季典型冰雹天气的云微物理特征

冰雹形成的天气和云微物理机制是人工防雹的基础。采用观测和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究2023年3月28日云南南部红河州典型冰雹过程的天气和微物理特征。结果表明:此次天气过程与青藏高原南支西风槽波动和南亚副热带高压外围西南暖湿气流输送的协同作用密切相关;地面降雹以小于10 mm的小冰雹粒子为主,最大冰雹尺度达到20 mm;冰雹云微物理结构显示为暖底云,暖雨过程活跃;双偏振雷达差分反射率、差分相移率和相关系数显示,冰雹初始形成区存在接近球形的冰雹和过冷雨滴,说明冰雹胚胎的形成与过冷雨滴冻结有关;冰雹在下落过程中雷达回波增强,偏振雷达参数显示冰雹的水平取向显著增加,形状由球状向盘状转变,冰雹在下落过程得到进一步增长,形状也发生变化。这些观测宏微观特征与数值模拟的冰雹形成机制有较好的一致性。

时频电磁法在深层页岩气有利区预测中的应用

时频电磁法基于时—频域、电—磁场一体化探测理念,实现了多信息联合,弥补了传统电磁方法抗干扰能力不足的缺点,集成了可控源电磁法的优点:探测深度大,精度高,抗干扰能力强。在四川泸州地区开展时频电磁勘探,结合岩石物理和测井数据,对宝藏—云锦向斜的志留系五峰组—奥陶系龙马溪组页岩层系进行页岩气有利区预测。对本区外露头信息和电阻率测井数据进行统计,结果表明页岩含气性与电阻率具有相关性,高电阻率页岩段普遍表现出较高的含气性,本区具有开展电法勘探的物性基础。研究区不同地层之间存在明显的电性差异,纵向可划分为高、低相间的6套电性层,其中页岩气主力产层五峰—龙马溪组与上、下围岩电阻率差异明显。从时频电磁勘探原理出发,利用一维有限元和有限差分方法进行数值模拟,研究方法的可行性,并根据正演结果设计最佳采集参数。在围绕目的层进行针对性数据采集的基础上,采用自主研发的重、磁、电处理解释系统GeoGME进行数据处理解释,通过弱异常信息提取和井震双控约束反演等关键技术,探明了龙一1亚段各小层的电阻率和极化率分布特征。综合考虑目标页岩层段电阻率异常和极化率异常,预测出页岩气勘探有利区4个,为下一步该区域页岩气钻井部署提供了技术支撑,表明时频电磁法是进行深层页岩气有利区预测的有效勘探手段。

Nanophase formation and its behavior of corrosion resistance in C+ Ti dual implanted steel

After corrosion and pitting corrosion, the wire nanometer phases are observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in C+Ti dual implanted H13 steel. The property of corrosion resistance dual-implanted (C+Ti) H13 steel is studied using multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry. TEM images of the cross section of an implanted sample reveal plenty of circular nanometer structures with diameters of 10–30 nm. The phases are densely embedded in the implanted layer. The embedded structure improves the surface corrosion resistance, as can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phases with the shape of a tiny wire in nanometer size are formed. The nanometer phases, consisting of TiC, FeTi and FeTi2, are formed in dual implanted layer. The corrosion current peak density decreases to 1/16–1/10 that of the unimplanted H13 steel. The formation conditions of the nanometer phases and their effects are investigated. The passivation layer consists of nanometer phases. The corrosion resistance of the dual implantation can be further enhanced with an increase in ion dose.

洞穴型地层双侧向测井响应模拟与特征分析

为研究碳酸盐岩、火山岩等洞穴型储集层双侧向测井响应特征,基于数值模拟优化设计实验室缩小比例物理模拟系统的仪器及地层模型参数,并用物理实验数据标定数值模拟结果,进而研究原始地层条件下洞穴型储集层的双侧向测井响应特征。结果表明:实验室地层径向半径和纵向长度分别为1.0 m和2.0 m,双侧向测井仪器纵向及径向分别缩小为1/20和1/6时,即可满足实验室缩小比例物理模拟的需要,且缩小比例物理实验结果与数值计算结果对应性好。利用物理模拟实验刻度后的数值模拟参数,研究洞穴型原状地层双侧向测井响应特征,结果表明:井旁洞穴双侧向测井曲线在洞穴中心深度位置视电阻率达到最低,双侧向测井值无法准确反映洞穴真实电阻率值;洞穴半径越大、充填物电阻率越低、洞穴距井壁越近,双侧向测井对井旁洞穴敏感性越强;深侧向测井可识别的洞穴边界至井壁径向距离小于0.5 m,浅侧向测井可识别最大距离为0.3 m。

裂缝地层双侧向测井响应物理模拟研究

为了研究裂缝对双侧向测井响应的影响 ,在实验室建立了一套双侧向测井物理缩比模拟系统。用该系统分别对水平裂缝地层、垂直裂缝地层和斜裂缝地层的双侧向测井响应进行了测量。测量结果表明 ,裂缝对双侧向测井响应是有影响的 ,且随着裂缝倾斜角度的变化而变化。

用正演数值计算方法开展双侧向测井对裂缝的响应研究

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对裂缝的双侧向测井视电阻率与裂缝孔隙度、泥浆电阻率、裂缝倾角和基岩电阻率的关系进行了计算 .在大量正演数据的基础上得出双侧向测井响应反演公式和裂缝孔隙度计算公式 ,提出更为精细的裂缝倾角的弹性划分模型 ,用双侧向视电阻率值近似估算裂缝倾角的方法 ,提高了利用双侧向测井求裂缝产状与裂缝孔隙度 (裂缝宽度 )的精度 .

各向异性倾斜地层双侧向测井响应数值模拟

利用三维有限元法,模拟了电性各向异性倾斜沉积岩层的双侧向测井响应。模拟结果表明:双侧向测井响应不仅受到地层倾角的影响,而且还受到地层电性各向异性的影响。在水平地层条件下,双侧向测井响应主要受到层理方向上地层电阻率的影响;在倾斜地层条件下,垂向上的地层电阻率对测井响应的影响增大。电性各向异性倾斜地层不仅造成电阻率曲线形态的变化,而且深、浅电阻率幅度差异更为复杂,给利用深、浅电阻率幅度差异定性识别油气层造成困难。

蓝桉和尾叶桉混合菌根研究 Ⅰ.菌根合成及真菌间的相互作用

采用蜡磨菌与ＶＡ 菌根真菌分别对蓝桉和尾叶桉进行单接种或混合接种，研究结果表明，两种菌根类型的真菌均能在桉树苗木根系上成功地定殖，分别合成了外生菌根、ＶＡ 菌根和混合菌根，证实了桉树不仅是菌根营养型树种，而且能形成多种菌根类型。ＶＡ 菌根感染率在接种初期较高，但随时间的推移有降低的趋势；而外生菌根菌初期合成菌根的速度较慢，但单位长度根段内菌根根尖数目有明显增加的趋势。与单接种ＶＡ菌根真菌苗木相比，外生菌根真菌抑制了ＶＡ 菌根菌在根系上的进一步侵染，体现在较低的ＶＡ 菌根感染率；而外生菌根菌显示出了较强的竞争能力，并能在接种后９ 周时开始形成子实体。在混合菌根中，外生菌根有逐步替代ＶＡ 菌根的发展趋势，两种类型的菌根真菌间存在一定的竞争性作用关系。

缝-洞型地层缝洞的双侧向测井响应数值模拟

为研究缝-洞型地层的双侧向测井响应特征,建立洞穴和裂缝组合的介质模型,利用三维有限元方法对缝洞的双侧向测井响应进行数值模拟。结果表明,洞穴在一定尺度和范围内影响双侧向测井响应,随着洞穴尺度的增大,双侧向测井视电阻率降低,且深浅侧向视电阻率比值降低,但双侧向测井响应对离开井壁洞穴的较敏感范围不大于一个洞穴半径尺度。缝-洞型地层的双侧向测井响应主要受裂缝影响,低角度缝双侧向测井呈现负差异,而高角度缝双侧向测井为正差异,洞穴的存在不改变双侧向测井响应深浅侧向视电阻率与裂缝倾角的匹配关系。缝-洞型地层的双侧向测井视电导率与裂缝张开度存在线性关系。