Study of beam divergence and thrust vector eccentricity characteristics of the Hall thruster based on dual Faraday probe array planes and its applications

The accurate knowledge of the thrust vector eccentricity and beam divergence characteristics of Hall thrusters are of significant engineering value for the beneficial integration and successful application of Hall thrusters on spacecraft.For the characteristics of the plume bipolar diffusion due to the annular discharge channel of the Hall thruster,a Gaussian-fitted method for thrust vector deviation angle and beam divergence of Hall thrusters based on dual Faraday probe array planes was proposed in respect of the Hall thruster beam characteristics.The results show that the ratios of the deviation between the maximum and minimum values of the beam divergence angle and the thrust vector eccentricity angle using a Gaussian fit to the optimized Faraday probe dual plane to the mean value are 1.4%and 11.5%,respectively.The optimized thrust vector eccentricity angle obtained has been substantially improved,by approximately 20%.The beam divergence angle calculated using a Gaussian fitting to the optimized Faraday probe dual plane is approximately identical to the non-optimized one.The beam divergence and thrust vector eccentricity angles for different anode mass flow rates were obtained by averaging the beam divergence and thrust vector eccentricity angles calculated by the dual-plane,Gaussian-fitted ion current density method for different cross-sections.The study not only allows for an immediate and effective tool for determining the design of thrust vector adjustment mechanisms of spacecraft with different power Hall thrusters but also for characterizing the 3D spatial distribution of the Hall thruster plume.

Multiple off-axis acoustic vortices generated by dual coaxial vortex beams

As a kind of special acoustic field, the helical wavefront of an acoustic vortex（AV） beam is demonstrated to have a pressure zero with phase singularity at the center in the transverse plane. The orbital angular momentum of AVs can be applied to the field of particle manipulation, which attracts more and more attention in acoustic researches. In this paper,by using the simplified circular array of point sources, dual coaxial AV beams are excited by the even-and odd-numbered sources with the topological charges of l_E and l_O based on the phase-coded approach, and the composite acoustic field with an on-axis center-AV and multiple off-axis sub-AVs can be generated by the superimposition of the AV beams for｜l_E｜ ≠ ｜l_O｜. The generation of edge phase dislocation is theoretically derived and numerically analyzed for l_E=-l_O. The numbers and the topological charges as well as the locations of the center-AV and sub-AVs are demonstrated, which are proved to be determined by the topological charges of the coaxial AV beams. The proposed approach breaks through the limit of only one on-axis AV with a single topological charge along the beam axis, and also provides the feasibility of off-axis particle trapping with multiple AVs in object manipulation.

Heat source analyses of dual laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding for T-joint

The DLBSW（ dual laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding） technology of T-type joint has been widely used for the connection of skins and stringers in airplane industry. To understand the thermodynamic and mechanical behavior of this process, it is necessary to establish a reasonable heat source model. Two different surface-body combination heat source models are adopted in this paper. Both models use the Gaussian surface heat source model and one is combined with the cone body heat source model and the other is combined with Gaussian rotator body heat source model. The simulation results of these two different models are investigated. And the temperature field results of DLBSW process for T-joint with two different heat sources are discussed. It is indicated that the combination heat source model is effective to simulate the DLBSW process and the current study is useful for more profound research in this field.

Dual-cavity beam arrival time monitor design for the Shanghai soft X-ray FEL facility

Free electron lasers provide high-power and ultrashort pulses with extreme brightness. In order to improve a facility's capabilities and explore the possibility of performing high-resolution time-resolved experiments, a beam arrival time resolution under 100 fs is required. In this article, a novel beam arrival time monitor(BAM)equipped with two cavities has been designed and a beam flight time measurement scheme based on the BAM prototype has been proposed to estimate phase jitter in the signal measurement system. The two BAM cavities work at different frequencies and the frequency difference is designed to be 35 MHz. Therefore, a self-mixing intermediate frequency signal can be generated using the two cavities. The measured beam flight time shows a temporal deviation of 37 fs(rms).

Intense Yellow Photoluminescence from Silicon Oxynitride Films Prepared by Dual Ion Beam Sputtering

In this work, results on the study of the structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties of SiOxNy thin films are presented. The films were deposited at room temperature using a dual-ion-beam co-sputtering system. The XRD and TEM results show that the deposited films have an amorphous structure. In the XPS result, we find N 1s spectra consist of one symmetric single peak at 397.8 eV, indicating that the nitrogen atoms are mainly bonded to silicon. It is in agreement to the result of FTIR. In SiOxNy films, an intense single PL peak at 590 nm is observed. Furthermore, with the increase of the N content in the SiOxNy films, the intensity of the PL peak at 590 nm increases a lot. The PL peak of 590 nm is suggested to originate from N-related defects.

Dual Band Switched Beam Textile Antenna for 5G Wireless Communications

This paper presents the single element dual band switched beam textile antenna.The antenna can operate at frequencies of 0.7 and 2.6 GHz using for 5G wireless communication applications.Textile fabric is considered to be used for substrate layer at the parts of a microstrip antenna for wireless body area network.The beam pattern of antenna can be switched into two directions by changing the position of shorted-circuit points at each edge of antenna.The main beam direction is 45°/225°when corner A is shorted while it steers at 135°/315°when corner B is shorted circuit.The advantage of the proposed antenna is the decrease of the problems like interference,light weight,flexibility and ability to switch beam easily.In addition,the results of the fabricated antenna are compared with the simulated ones.Moreover,the antenna is bent with curvature radius of 6 mm in forward direction.The effects of the bent antenna are studied.The results can confirm that radiation patterns of the bending antenna can be pointed into two directions when changing the positions of shorted circuit.Therefore,the proposed antenna can switch beam patterns,it is flexible,and it can operate at dual-band frequency on textile.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-N Films Prepared by Dual Ion Beam Sputtering

Fe-N films were prepared on Si substrate by dual ion beam sputtering (DIBS). It is found that the crystal structure of the films varies from α-Fe, to ε-Fe2-3N, ε-Fe2-3N +γ-Fe4N, and finally γ'-Fe4N with the increase in substrate temperature (TS). The magnetic properties of the films were investigated by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The structure of the films is insensitive to the ratios of N2/Ar in main ion source(MIS), and is mainly influenced by the substrate temperature (Ts).

PHASE ANALYSES FOR DUAL ION BEAM DEPOSITED ZrO_2 FILMS ON NaCl SUBSTRATE

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PHASE ANALYSES FOR DUAL ION BEAM DEPOSITED ZrO2 FILMS ON NaCl SUBSTRATE

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双驱动射频负氢离子源匹配网络设计与实验研究

随着磁约束聚变实验装置对中性束注入器的输出束流强度与脉冲时间的要求越来越高,开展高功率大面积射频离子源的研究迫在眉睫。为了实现大面积、高密度均匀等离子体放电,基于多驱动射频离子源的设计是当前的发展趋势,而阻抗匹配网络是射频功率源将最大功率输送至线圈并耦合至等离子体的关键,故对其结构设计和调谐特性的研究是不可或缺的。基于前期在单驱动射频离子源的研究基础上,结合双驱动射频离子源的放电需求,开展了双驱动阻抗匹配网络优化结构的设计与分析,通过实验中对匹配网络的调谐,成功实现了140 kW高功率和25 kW/1 000 s长脉冲的稳定运行。随后在等离子体稳定放电的基础上研究了两个驱动器之间的功率分配均匀性问题,实验结果表明了该匹配网络的优化设计合理可行,上下驱动器的射频功率分配基本均匀。

一种分光光度法实现的多参数水质在线检测仪

针对传统分光光度法实现的水质在线检测仪存在的检测参数单一、效率低下、光源受环境温度干扰等问题,设计了一种高效快速的多参数水质在线检测仪。该仪器以总磷、CODCr、氨氮为检测对象,通过优化检测流程提高了检测效率。同时采用双光束测量法补偿光源受环境温度的影响。经性能测试显示,该仪器在示值误差、重复性、零点漂移、量程漂移等关键指标上均优于国家标准。

基于光谱合束的双波长输出Nd:YAG固体激光器

报道了一种基于光谱合束的Nd:YAG固体激光器双波长光源。系统由两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器通过光谱合束组合而成,两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器可独立工作,有利于输出脉冲的波长调谐、功率调节和相对延迟调整。通过光栅的色散特性以及输出镜的共同外腔反馈将各个激光器锁定在不同波长,从而实现合束,获得的激光源中心波长锁定在1 061.5 nm和1 064.6 nm,两谱线中心间距为3.1 nm,组合光束的输出能量为173 mJ,组合光束的光束质量因子M2为2.8×2.2;两个Nd:YAG激光器独立工作的输出能量分别为94 mJ和92 mJ,在合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.7和2.1,在非合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.2和1.9;组合光束的输出能量为两个Nd:YAG激光器能量总和的93%,组合光束的光束质量因子与单个Nd:YAG激光束的光束质量因子M2基本相同。该双波长激光源满足波长间隔小、输出功率大小相近、同光轴等要求,在太赫兹波产生、测速激光雷达以及医疗仪器等应用领域具有重要作用。

GaAs基高性能MEMS微波功率检测芯片

为了提高电容式MEMS微波功率检测芯片的性能,设计了一种GaAs基高性能MEMS微波功率传感芯片。通过建立双导固支梁电容模型,分析了传感芯片的传输特性、过载功率与灵敏度特性。在双导固支梁电容模型中提出了平行极板的两个等效条件;同时提出了一种新的梁宽等效方式,解决了双梁结构等效梁宽的失配问题,减小了模型的相对误差。双导固支梁电容模型很好地解释了导向梁的厚长比与初始高度对传感器过载功率和灵敏度的影响。测试结果表明,双导固支梁MEMS微波功率传感芯片在200 mW输入功率内的灵敏度为14.3 fF/W,而灵敏度的理论值为13.5 fF/W,两者的相对误差仅5.6%。因此,该理论模型对固支梁MEMS微波功率传感芯片的设计具有一定的借鉴意义。

一种宽带双极化波束切换微带天线的设计

以海港码头集装箱堆场的远程(无人化)操控系统为应用背景,提出一种控制方法简单和可实现性好的宽带双极化波束切换微带天线系统。该系统整体由微带阵列天线和波束控制电路两部分组成,其中微带阵列天线包含天线阵A和天线阵B两种类型。所涉及的双极化微带天线采用新型双贴片结构,使得天线实现较宽工作带宽的同时保持较高的极化隔离度;同时,通过在底层辐射贴片上开正方形环槽,实现天线的小型化。波束控制电路采用SP6T射频开关芯片,通过合理的电路设计布局,将两组射频开关集成于一块电路板,在保证低损耗、高速的多波束切换的同时减小了电路尺寸。实测结果表明:该天线的带宽达到21.8%(反射系数小于-10 dB),隔离度大于20 dB,在整个工作频段内该天线系统六个波束能够无缝覆盖-90°~90°工作区,增益优于12 dBi,双极化性能良好。

基于太赫兹真空器件的微型阴极抑制膜特性研究

为满足太赫兹真空器件对阴极的大电流密度、小电子注尺寸需求,利用双离子束辅助沉积技术在浸渍钪酸盐阴极表面沉积Ta/Zr抑制膜,并利用聚焦离子束刻蚀技术制备出发射面直径为100μm的微型热阴极。在此基础之上着重研究这种阴极的抑制膜特性,研究表明,Ta/Zr膜层比Zr膜层临界附着力更强,双离子束辅助沉积制备的Ta/Zr抑制膜比磁控溅射制备的Ta/Zr抑制膜更加致密,并且抑制发射寿命更长。阴极良好的抑制效果一方面是因为Ba扩散至Zr中形成高功函数物质,另一方面是因为Ta/Zr复合膜层高度致密有效抑制了Ba的扩散。

大跨度公铁两用双层钢桁桥涡激振动控制研究

桥梁的涡激振动主要受到主梁断面的气动外形、结构动力特性与来流特性的影响,而大跨桥梁是典型的风致敏感结构,所以在大跨度桥梁的设计中应当引起重视。以某大跨度公铁两用双层板桁组合桁架桥为背景,在XNJD-1回流串联风洞中进行了风洞试验,研究了该主梁的涡激振动现象。通过计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)数值模拟分析了其主梁断面的涡激振动机理,并且将展向周期摄动法应用于钢桁梁的涡激振动控制,采取了一系列气动控制措施来抑制主梁的涡激振动,其中L型分流板与波浪形风嘴完全抑制了主梁的涡激振动。还通过风洞试验研究了波浪形风嘴的几何参数对抑振效果的影响,试验结果表明,波浪形风嘴的抑振效果对幅值变化比较敏感,增大幅值可以有效抑制主梁的涡激振动。

基于多波束/TDOA技术的双星干扰源定位

单星多波束干扰源定位方法需要在3个以上的同频波束都能接收到干扰源信号的情况下才能实现定位。由于同频波束的数量有限以及干扰源位置的随机性,往往会出现能接收到干扰源信号的同频波束少于3个,或接收增益过低影响定位精度的情况。【目的】针对只有两个可用波束的定位问题以及进一步提高干扰源的定位精度,提出了通过邻星与主星建立基于多波束天线与到达时间差(TDOA)技术的双星联合定位模型。【方法】通过建立双星联合定位模型,并联立出定位方程组证明了该模型的可行性。同时,基于定位几何稀疏精度因子(GDOP)对定位模型的接收增益误差、波束指向误差、到达时间差误差以及位置预测误差4个方面进行了定位误差分析,并使用Matlab进行仿真对比。【结果】仿真实验表明,基于多波束天线与TDOA技术的双星联合定位方法的定位精度明显优于传统的单星多波束定位方法。【结论】基于多波束天线与TDOA技术的双星联合定位方法利用了TDOA对定位精度影响较小的优势,使其代替部分波束参与到卫星定位中,不仅减少了对定位波束数量的需求,而且减少了测量增益的误差与波束指向的误差,大大提高了定位的精度并提升了可靠性,较单星多波束定位更具优势。

Effect of process parameters on the morphology of aluminum/copper alloy lap joints by red and blue hybrid laser welding

In order to overcome the problems of many pores,large deformation and unstable weld quality of traditional laser welded aluminumcopper alloy joints,a red-blue dual-beam laser source and a swinging laser were introduced for welding.T2 copper and 6063 aluminum thin plates were lap welded by coaxial dual-beam laser welding.The morphology of weld cross section was compared to explore the influence of process parameters on the formation of lap joints.The microstructure characteristics of the weld zone were observed and compared by optical microscope.The results show that the addition of laser beam swing can eliminate the internal pores of the weld.With the increase of the swing width,the weld depth decreases,and the weld width increases first and then decreases.The influence of welding speed on the weld cross section morphology is similar to that of swing width.With the increase of welding speed,the weld width increases first and then decreases,while the weld depth decreases all the time.This is because that the red laser is used as the main heat source to melt the base metals,with the increase of red laser power,the weld depth increases.As an auxiliary laser source,blue laser reduces the total energy consumption,consequently,the effective heat input increases and the spatter is restrained effectively.As a result,the increase of red laser power has an enhancement effect on the weld width and weld depth.When the swing width is 1.2 mm,the red laser power is 550 W,the blue laser power is 500 W,and the welding speed is 35 mm/s,the weld forming is the best.The lap joint of T2 copper and 6063 aluminum alloy thin plate can be connected stably with the hybrid of blue laser.The effect rules of laser beam swing on the weld formation were obtained,which improved the quality of the joints.

基于双层梁理论的隧道下穿诱发无砟铁路变形计算方法

为研究隧道下穿无砟铁路轨道时板底部脱空对轨道变形的影响,提出一种改进的隧道下穿引起无砟铁路变形的计算方法.首先,将无砟铁路轨道结构简化为双层地基梁模型,建立隧道下穿施工引起无砟铁路变形的控制方程;然后,将无砟铁路分为中间脱空段和两端接地段共三部分,推导隧道下穿施工诱发无砟铁路变形的计算式,对比路基不均匀沉降引起无砟轨道变形的理论计算值与数值模拟结果,验证了理论计算方法的正确性;最后,探讨了新建隧道埋深、隧道下穿施工引起周围地层的损失率,以及既有铁路与隧道间的水平夹角对无砟铁路轨道变形的影响.研究结果表明:当隧道从铁路下方6 m处垂直穿越既有铁路时,轨道中点变形将达到最大值;隧道施工引起周围地层损失率从0.25%增大到2.50%时,轨道中点变形和轨道板底部脱空区宽度将分别增大4.0倍和2.2倍.

基于合光技术的可变焦激光探照灯设计

为增加激光光源的光效,进一步实现远距离照明,可使用基于合光技术的方案,设计一种可变焦激光探照灯。采用多颗蓝光LD排成阵列的方法,利用玻璃反光碗的光回收技术,对激光探照灯进行光路设计;同时使用二向色片来控制发散角度,从而实现激光探照灯的可变焦控制。测量激光模组在1 A电流下输出的光通量,经计算,荧光陶瓷片出射的总光通量约为730 lm。此外,对匀光片的散射特性进行改变,可实现对聚焦激光光斑的控制。此研究实现了可变焦激光探照灯的光路设计以及对聚焦激光光斑的控制,并利用二向色片实现了蓝光和黄光混合白光输出。该光学系统的整体光效较高,有较强的实用意义。