Fiber cladding dual channel surface plasmon resonance sensor based on S-type fiber

Fiber cladding surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors have few structures,and a clad SPR sensor based on S-type fiber is proposed in this paper.This new type of fiber cladding SPR sensor was formed by electrofusing an S-shaped structure on the fiber to couple the light in the fiber core to the cladding.In this paper,the effects of fiber parameters on the performance of the sensor were studied by simulation and experiment.Based on the conclusion that the smaller the core diameter is,the closer the working band of the SPR resonance is to long wavelengths,and that the geometric characteristics mean that a multimode fiber can receive the fiber cladding light from a small core diameter few-mode fiber,a dual channel SPR sensor with a double S-type fiber cascade was proposed.In the refractive index detection range of 1.333–1.385refractive index units(RIU),the resonant working band of channel I is 627.66 nm–759.78 nm,with an average sensitivity of 2540.77 nm/RIU,and the resonant working band of channel II is 518.24 nm–658.2 nm,with an average sensitivity of2691.54 nm/RIU.The processing method for the S-type fiber cladding SPR sensor is simple,effectively solving the problem of this type of SPR sensor structure and the difficult realization of a dual channel.The sensor is expected to be used in the fields of medical treatment and biological analysis.

Clinical efficacy and safety of double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis in gastrectomy

BACKGROUND With the continuous progress of surgical technology and improvements in medical standards,the treatment of gastric cancer surgery is also evolving.Proximal gastrectomy is a common treatment,but double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis have attracted much attention in terms of surgical options.Each of these two surgical methods has advantages and disadvantages,so it is particularly important to compare and analyze their clinical efficacy and safety.AIM To compare the surgical safety,clinical efficacy,and safety of double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis in proximal gastrectomy.METHODS The clinical and follow-up data of 99 patients with proximal gastric cancer who underwent proximal gastrectomy and were admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and September 2023 were included in this retrospective cohort study.According to the different anastomosis methods used,the patients were divided into a double-channel anastomosis group(50 patients)and a tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group(49 patients).In the double-channel anastomosis,Roux-en-Y anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum was performed after proximal gastric dissection,and then side-to-side anastomosis was performed between the residual stomach and jejunum to establish an antireflux barrier and reduce postoperative gastroesophageal reflux.In the tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group,after the proximal end of the stomach was cut,tubular gastroplasty was performed on the distal stump of the stomach and a linear stapler was used to anastomose the posterior wall of the esophagus and the anterior wall of the stomach tube.The main outcome measure was quality of life 1 year after surgery in both groups,and the evaluation criteria were based on the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale.The greater the changes in body mass,food intake per meal,meal quality subscale score,and total measures of physical and mental health score,the better the condition;the greater the other indicators,the worse the condition.The secondary outcome measures were intraoperative and postoperative conditions,the incidence of postoperative long-term complications,and changes in nutritional status at 1,3,6,and 12 months after surgery.RESULTS In the double-channel anastomosis cohort,there were 35 males(70%)and 15 females(30%),33(66.0%)were under 65 years of age,and 37(74.0%)had a body mass index ranging from 18 to 25 kg/m2.In the group undergoing tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis,there were eight females(16.3%),21(42.9%)individuals were under the age of 65 years,and 34(69.4%)had a body mass index ranging from 18 to 25 kg/m2.The baseline data did not significantly differ between the two groups(P>0.05 for all),with the exception of age(P=0.021).The duration of hospitalization,number of lymph nodes dissected,intraoperative blood loss,and perioperative complication rate did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05 for all).Patients in the dual-channel anastomosis group scored better on quality of life measures than did those in the tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group.Specifically,they had lower scores for esophageal reflux[2.8(2.3,4.0)vs 4.8(3.8,5.0),Z=3.489,P<0.001],eating discomfort[2.7(1.7,3.0)vs 3.3(2.7,4.0),Z=3.393,P=0.001],total symptoms[2.3(1.7,2.7)vs 2.5(2.2,2.9),Z=2.243,P=0.025],and other aspects of quality of life.The postoperative symptoms[2.0(1.0,3.0)vs 2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=2.127,P=0.033],meals[2.0(1.0,2.0)vs 2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=3.976,P<0.001],work[1.0(1.0,2.0)vs 2.0(1.0,2.0),Z=2.279,P=0.023],and daily life[1.7(1.3,2.0)vs 2.0(2.0,2.3),Z=3.950,P<0.001]were all better than those of the tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group.The group that underwent tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis had a superior anal exhaust score[3.0(2.0,4.0)vs 3.5(2.0,5.0),Z=2.345,P=0.019]compared to the dual-channel anastomosis group.Hemoglobin,serum albumin,total serum protein,and the rate at which body mass decreased one year following surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05 for all).CONCLUSION The safety of double-channel anastomosis in proximal gastric cancer surgery is equivalent to that of tubular gastric surgery.Compared with tubular gastric surgery,double-channel anastomosis is a preferred surgical technique for proximal gastric cancer.It offers advantages such as less esophageal reflux and improved quality of life.

基于双通道Residual-LSTM的SINS/GNSS组合导航算法

针对全球导航卫星系统信号中断情况下SINS/GNSS组合导航系统无法持续进行误差校正的问题,提出一种基于双通道Residual-LSTM的SINS/GNSS组合导航算法。首先,考虑到SINS经度、纬度误差传播特性不同所导致的模型输入、输出信息之间的非线性相关性差异化,构建具有不同权重系数的双通道长短期记忆神经网络模型结构,并引入遗忘信息共享机制自适应地利用历史导航数据对经度、纬度信息进行拟合预测。其次,针对深层神经网络存在的模型退化和梯度消失问题,在多层双通道LSTM网络之间建立残差高速通道形成Residual-LSTM模型结构,以增加不同网络层次之间的信息传播路径。最后,通过实船数据验证本文所提算法的有效性。实验结果表明,与基于常规智能方法的SINS/GNSS组合导航算法相比,所提组合导航算法在GNSS信号中断期间经度误差降低了51.97%,纬度误差降低了31.45%。

Significant improvements in mechanical properties of AA5083 aluminum alloy using dual equal channel lateral extrusion

Dual equal channel lateral extrusion (DECLE), as a severe plastic deformation (SPD) process, was employed forimproving the mechanical properties of AA5083 aluminum alloy. Several experiments were conducted to study the influences of theroute type, namely A and B, and pass number on mechanical properties of the material. The process was conducted up to 6 passeswith decreasing process temperature, specifically from 573 to 473 K. Supplementary experiments involving metallography, hardnessand tensile tests were carried out in order to evaluate the effects of the process variables. The hardness measurements exhibitedreasonably uniform distributions within the product with a maximum increase of 64% via a 6-pass operation. The yield and ultimatestrengths also amended 107% and 46%, respectively. These significant improvements were attributed to the severe shear deformationof grains and decreasing pass temperature, which intensified the grain refinement. TEM images showed an average grain sizereduction from 100 μm for the annealed billet to 200 nm after 6 passes of DECLE. Finally, the experimental findings for routes A andB were compared and discussed and some important conclusions were drawn.

A dual channel perturbation particle filter algorithm based on GPU acceleration

The particle filter（PF） algorithm is one of the most commonly used algorithms for maneuvering target tracking. The traditional PF maps from multi-dimensional information to onedimensional information during particle weight calculation, and the incorrect transmission of information leads to the fact that the particle prediction information does not match the weight information, and its essence is the reduction of the information entropy of the useful information. To solve this problem, a dual channel independent filtering method is proposed based on the idea of equalization mapping. Firstly, the particle prediction performance is described by particle manipulations of different dimensions, and the accuracy of particle prediction is improved. The improvement of particle degradation of this algorithm is analyzed in the aspects of particle weight and effective particle number. Secondly, according to the problem of lack of particle samples, the new particles are generated based on the filtering results, and the particle diversity is increased. Finally, the introduction of the graphics processing unit（GPU） parallel computing the platform, the “channel-level” and “particlelevel” parallel computing the program are designed to accelerate the algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm has the advantages of better filtering precision, higher particle efficiency and faster calculation speed compared with the traditional algorithm of the CPU platform.

Dual transfer channels of photo-carriers in 2D/2D/2D sandwich-like ZnIn2S4/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene S-scheme/Schottky heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution

Construction of multi-channels of photo-carrier migration in photocatalysts is favor to boost conversion efficiency of solar energy by promoting the charge separation and transfer.Herein,a ternary ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene hybrid composed of S-scheme junction integrated Schottky-junction was fabricated using a simple hydrothermal approach.All the components(g-C_(3)N_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene)demonstrated two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets structure,leading to the formation of a 2D/2D/2D sandwich-like structure with intimate large interface for carrier migration.Furthermore,the photogenerated carriers on the g-C_(3)N_(4) possessed dual transfer channels,including one route in S-scheme transfer mode between the g-C_(3)N_(4) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and the other route in Schottky-junction between g-C_(3)N_(4) and Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene.Consequently,a highly efficient carrier separation and transport was realized in the ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene heterojunction.This ternary sample exhibited wide light response from 200 to 1400 nm and excellent photocatalytic H_(2) evolution of 2452.1μmol∙g^(–1)∙h^(–1),which was 200,3,1.5 and 1.6 times of g-C_(3)N_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene and g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) binary composites.This work offers a paradigm for the rational construction of multi-electron pathways to regulate the charge separation and migration via the introduction of dual-junctions in catalytic system.

Altruism and Pricing Strategy in Dual-Channel Supply Chains

With the development of behavioral operational management, human behavior such as altruism, fairness and trust has received considerable attention. This paper studies the effect of altruism on retailer’s and manufacturer’s pricing strategy in two classic dual-channel supply chains by presenting Stackelberg game models. The analysis shows that the player’s altruism preference strongly affects their pricing strategies. The more altruistic one player is, the more profits the other player obtains. Moreover, the effect of manufacturer’s altruistic preference is larger than that of retailer’s. In addition, online price is always lower than offline price in dual-channel supply chain, which still holds true considering altruism. The results also reveal that the product web-fit has significant effect on the player’s optimal pricing strategies. The more compatible with online market the product is, the lower the retail price is set, and the more profit the manufacturer obtains whereas the less the retailer gets.

Dual-Channel Communication of Column Plasma Antenna Excited by a Surface Wave——Actualization and Simulation of Radiation Pattern

Along with the introduction of the concept of dual-channel communication,we utilized the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method to simulate and measure the radiation pattern under certain plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies.Results show that under certain settings,the radiation pattern of a plasma antenna resembles that of a metallic antenna.In contrast to a metallic antenna,a plasma antenna possesses other functionalities,such as dynamic reconfiguration and digital controllability.The data from simulation are similar to the measurement results,indicating that column plasma antenna can realize dual-channel communication.This work confirms the viability of realizing dual-channel communication by column plasma antenna,which adds a new but promising method for modern intelligent communication.

Mode Selection Strategy of Dual Distribution Channel Based on Revenue Analysis

Within the scope of dual distribution channel(DDC)modes—ME&T-C and M-T&E-C,a game model designed for channel members was proposed.Based on this game model,the game equilibrium under both centralized and decentralized decisionmaking situations was analyzed,the channel members' and overall revenues of two modes under the same decision-making situation are compared,and the influence of demand shift coefficient to the overall and members' revenue was also studied through example analysis.Based on the comparison and analysis of the revenue yielded from the two DDC modes,it's discovered that within a certain hypothetical range,the M-T&E-C mode seems to be a better option for the manufacturer than the ME&T-C mode.Therefore,this discovery can be served as a theoretical reference for manufacturers when choosing the optimal DDC mode in real life.

A two-dimensional analytical model for channel potential and threshold voltage of short channel dual material gate lightly doped drain MOSFET

An analytical model for the channel potential and the threshold voltage of the short channel dual-material-gate lightly doped drain （DMG-LDD） metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （MOSFET） is presented using the parabolic approximation method. The proposed model takes into account the effects of the LDD region length, the LDD region doping, the lengths of the gate materials and their respective work functions, along with all the major geometrical parameters of the MOSFET. The impact of the LDD region length, the LDD region doping, and the channel length on the channel potential is studied in detail. Furthermore, the threshold voltage of the device is calculated using the minimum middle channel potential, and the result obtained is compared with the DMG MOSFET threshold voltage to show the improvement in the threshold voltage roll-off. It is shown that the DMG-LDD MOSFET structure alleviates the problem of short channel effects （SCEs） and the drain induced barrier lowering （DIBL） more efficiently. The proposed model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the simulated data obtained by using the commercially available ATLASTM 2D device simulator.

Consumer Choice, Firm Performance and Channel Coordination in a Dual-Channel Distribution System

The expanding role of the Internet in consumer purchasing activities has created substantial new opportunities accessing to end-consumers. More and more manufacturers are beginning to sell products to potential consumers directly online while continuing to sell through the traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, a phenomenon leading to intense channel competition and conflicts. Using game theory, this research examines the effect of market segments, consumer choice and the acceptance of direct online channels on firm performance and the whole system’s profit. The analysis indicates that the addition of direct online channel does not necessarily harm the incumbent retailers. A win-win zone is proposed, in which both the manufacturer and the retailer benefit from the encroachment.

Cascaded dual-channel fiber SPR temperature sensor based on liquid and solid encapsulations

In order to control the working wavelength range of the fiber surface plasmon resonance(SPR)temperature sensor and realize the wavelength division multiplexing type multi-channel fiber SPR temperature sensor,by comprehensively investigating the influence of liquids with different thermal-optical coefficients and solid packaging materials on the performance of fiber SPR temperature sensor,a dual-channel fiber SPR temperature sensor based on liquid-solid cascade encapsulation was designed and fabricated.The liquid temperature sensing stage encapsulated in capillary worked in 616.03 nm-639.05 nm band,the solid sensing stage coated with pouring sealant worked in 719.37 nm-825.27 nm band,and the two stages were cascaded to form a fiber dual-channel temperature sensor.The testing results indicated that when the temperature range was 35℃-95℃,the sensitivity of two-stage temperature detection was−0.384 nm/℃and−1.765 nm/℃respectively.The proposed fiber sensor has simple fabrication and excellent performance which can be widely used in various fields of dual-channel temperature measurement and temperature compensation.

An analytical threshold voltage model for dual-strained channel PMOSFET

Based on the analysis of vertical electric potential distribution across the dual-channel strained p-type Si/strained Si1-xGex/relaxd Si1-yGey（s-Si/s-SiGe/Si1-yGey） metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （PMOSFET）, analytical expressions of the threshold voltages for buried channel and surface channel are presented. And the maximum allowed thickness of s-Si is given, which can ensure that the strong inversion appears earlier in the buried channel （compressive strained SiGe） than in the surface channel （tensile strained Si）, because the hole mobility in the buried channel is higher than that in the surface channel. Thus they offer a good accuracy as compared with the results of device simulator ISE. With this model, the variations of threshold voltage and maximum allowed thickness of s-Si with design parameters can be predicted, such as Ge fraction, layer thickness, and doping concentration. This model can serve as a useful tool for p-channel s-Si/s-SiGe/Si1-yGey metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （MOSFET） designs.

Dual Channel SIS Receiver of Trao Telescope

We have developed the dual channel receiver with 100GHz and 150GHz band, which is used to make the simultaneous observation with two bands. The SIS mixers are used in both bands. The constructed dewar for receiver has the performance with the vacuum of 10 -8 Torr and the temperature of 4 2K. The receiver noise temperature is 50K (DSB) for 100GHz band and 80K (DSB) for 150GHz band ,respectively. In order to achieve the simultaneous observations, the quasioptical system is precisely designed, and also evaluated by the measurement in the laboratory. We have observed the various sources using this receiver since October 1998. The relative pointing offset between two bands is 3″.

Research on the Mediating Effect of Market Benefit Between Dual Distribution Channel Conflicts and Financial Performance of Garment Enterprises

The paper discussed the impact of dual distribution channel conflicts on financial performance of garment enterprises by multiple regression and mediation effect has been analyzed with market benefit as the mediated variable based on the survey data of Shanghai region. The results show that： first, channel contention, channel areal differences and channel perception differences have a negative effect on financial performance and channel communication has a positive effect on financial performance significantly; second, market benefit has a positive effect on financial performance significantly; third, channel contention, channel areal differences and channel perception differences have a negative effect on market benefit and channel communication has a positive effect on market benefit significantly; forth, market benefit has a partial mediation effect on the influence of channel areal differences and channel communication on financial performance. Therefore, channel areal differences and channel communication are two major aspects among the dual distribution channel conflicts which may have influences on financial benefit of garment enterprises, and clothing company should lay emphasis on the settling of these two matters.

Numerical Simulation of Dual-Channel Communication of Column Plasma Antenna Excited by a Surface Wave

This paper focuses on the application of plasma as wireless antenna. In order to reveal the radiation characteristics of column plasma antenna, we chose the finite-difference time- domain （FDTD） numerical analysis method to simulate radiation impedance and efficiencies of each channel for a few sets of plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies. Simulation results demonstrate that a plasma antenna shares similar characteristics with a metallic antenna in radiation impedance and efficiency of each channel when an appropriate setting is adopted. Unlike a metallic antenna, a plasma antenna is capable of realizing such functions as dynamic reconfiguration, digital control and dual-channel communication. Thus it is possible to carry out dual-channel communication by plasma antenna, indicating a new path for modern intelligent communication.

A New Dual-electrode and Multi-channel Electrochemical Detection System for Capillary Electrophoresis

A new type of dual-electrode and multi-channel electrochemical detection technology for capillary electrophoresis is described in this paper. Two detectors(the amperometric detector and the conductometric detector) or two conductometric detectors are connected to the same capillary electrophoresis system. The whole system possesses the advantages of the two electrochemical detectors including sparing time, improving the analytical speed and expanding the sample range. The working electrode and detector cell are handled easily. The system was applied to sample detection with satisfactory results.

Designing cost-effective network-on-chip by dual-channel access mechanism

A dual-channel access mechanism to overcome the drawback of traditional single-channel access mechanism for network-on-chip （NoC） is proposed. In traditional single-channel access mechanism, every Internet protocol （IP） has only one chan- nel to access the on-chip network. When the network is relatively idle, the injection rate is too small to make good use of the network resource. When the network is relatively busy, the ejection rate is so small that the packets in the network cannot leave immediately, and thus the probability of congestion is increased. In the dual-channel access mechanism, the injection rate of IP and the ejection rate of the network are increased by using two optional channels in network interface （NI） and local port of routers. Therefore, the communication performance is improved. Experimental results show that compared with traditional single-channel access mechanism, the proposed scheme greatly increases the throughput and cuts down the average latency with reasonable area increase.

A Dual-Channel Secure Transmission Scheme for Internet-Based Networked Control Systems

Two significant issues in Internet-based networked control systems （ INCSs）, transport performance of different protocols and security breach from Internet side, are investigated. First, for improving the performance of data transmission, user datagram protocol （UDP） is adopted as the main stand for controllers and plants using INCSs. Second, a dual-channel secure transmission scheme （DCSTS）based on data transmission characteristics of INCSs is proposed, in which a raw UDP channel and a secure TCP （transmission control protocol） connection making use of SSL/TLS （secure sockets layer/transport layer security） are included. Further, a networked control protocol （NCP） at application layer for supporting DCSTS between the controllers and plants in INCSs is designed, and it also aims at providing a universal communication mechanism for interoperability of devices among the networked control laboratories in Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Central South University of China and Tokyo University of Technology of Japan. By means of a networked single-degree-of-free- dom robot arm, an INCS under the new protocol and security environment is created. Compared with systems such as IPSec or SSL/TLS, which may cause more than 91% network throughput deduction, the new DCSTS protocol may yield results ten times better, being just 5.67%.

Diversity–Multiplexing Tradeoff and Outage Performance for 2&times;2 Dual-Polarized Uncorrelated Rice MIMO Channels

In this paper, diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) curve for 2×2 Dual-Polarized uncorrelated Rice MIMO channels is studied. Exact expressions for statistic information of mutual information exponent are derived. Impacts of channel parameters such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), k-factor and cross polarization discrimination (XPD) on mutual information exponent are analyzed. Compared to conventional single-polarized (SP) Rice MIMO systems, a qualitatively different behavior is observed for DP Rice systems. The work in this paper, allows identifying quantitatively for which channels (k-factor) and SNR levels the use of dual polarization becomes beneficial. Gamma or lognormal distribution are used to describe mutual information component, and a theoretical formulation for finite-SNR DMT curve in 2×2 DP uncorrelated Rice channels is presented for the first time, which is valid in low and medium SNRs when multiplexing gain is larger than 0.75.