Heterogeneous small cell network is one of the most effective solutions to overcome spectrum scarcity for the next generation of mobile networks.Dual connectivity(DC)can improve the throughput for each individual user...Heterogeneous small cell network is one of the most effective solutions to overcome spectrum scarcity for the next generation of mobile networks.Dual connectivity(DC)can improve the throughput for each individual user by allowing concurrent access to two heterogeneous radio networks.In this paper,we propose a joint user association and fair scheduling algorithm(JUAFS)to deal with the resource allocation and load balancing issues for DC heterogeneous small cell networks.Considering different coverage sizes,numbers of users,and quality of experience characteristics of heterogeneous cells,we present a proportional fair scheduling for user association among cells and utilize interference graph to minimize the transmission conflict probability.Simulation results show the performance improvement of the proposed algorithm in spectrum efficiency and fairness comparing to the existing schemes.展开更多
Packet duplication(PD)with dual connectivity(DC)was newly introduced in the 5G New Radio(NR)specifications to meet the stringent ultra reliable low latency communication(URLLC)requirements.PD technology uses duplicate...Packet duplication(PD)with dual connectivity(DC)was newly introduced in the 5G New Radio(NR)specifications to meet the stringent ultra reliable low latency communication(URLLC)requirements.PD technology uses duplicated packets in the packet data convergence protocol(PDCP)layer that are transmitted via two different access nodes(ANs)to the user equipment(UE)in order to enhance the reliability performance.However,PD can result in unnecessary retransmissions in the lower layers since the hybrid automatic retransmission request(HARQ)operation is unaware of the transmission success achieved through the alternate DC link to the UE.To overcome this issue,in this paper,a novel duplication-aware retransmission optimization(DRO)scheme is proposed to reduce the resource usage induced by unnecessary HARQ retransmissions.The proposed DRO scheme can minimize the average channel use while satisfying the URLLC requirements.The proposed DRO scheme derives the optimal HARQ retransmission attempts for different ANs by solving a nonlinear integer programming(NLIP)problem.The performance of the proposed DRO scheme was evaluated using MATLAB simulation and is compared to the existing 5G HARQ support schemes.The simulations results show that the proposed DRO scheme can provide a 14.71%and 15.11%reduced average channel use gain compared to the selective data duplication upon failure(SDUF)scheme and latency-aware dynamic multi-connectivity algorithm(LADMA)scheme,respectively,which are the existing 5G PD schemes that use HARQ.展开更多
Dual connectivity(DC)is regarded as a promising technology to increase users’throughput,provide radio link robustness,and improve load-balancing among base stations(BSs).However,since the introduction of DC makes the...Dual connectivity(DC)is regarded as a promising technology to increase users’throughput,provide radio link robustness,and improve load-balancing among base stations(BSs).However,since the introduction of DC makes the mobility of network more complex and diversified,especially the mobility management of heterogeneous networks(HetNets)based on DC faces great challenges.Taking event-A3-based measurement report as the trigger condition for handover(HO),this paper compares and evaluates the influences of HO of master nodes(MNs)and secondary nodes(SNs)on link reliability in different bearing modes.Particularly,hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ),throughput,channel quality indicators(CQIs),and data packets queuing time are taken as link reliability analysis indicators.Besides,we study how DC utilizes the traffic split ratio between MNs and SNs to maximize the superiority of throughput.Simulation results show that DC can effectively reduce the impact of HO on the number of HARQ and increase the throughput of users.When the data traffic is tilted to the secondary nodes,the superiority of throughput is more obvious.展开更多
A new Riemannian metric for positive definite matrices is defined and its geometric structures are investigated by means of dual connections introduced to statistical analysis by S. Amari. A few interesting results ar...A new Riemannian metric for positive definite matrices is defined and its geometric structures are investigated by means of dual connections introduced to statistical analysis by S. Amari. A few interesting results are obtained and some of those obtained by other authors are extended in our research.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61871433,61828103in part by the Research Platform of South China Normal University and Foshan。
文摘Heterogeneous small cell network is one of the most effective solutions to overcome spectrum scarcity for the next generation of mobile networks.Dual connectivity(DC)can improve the throughput for each individual user by allowing concurrent access to two heterogeneous radio networks.In this paper,we propose a joint user association and fair scheduling algorithm(JUAFS)to deal with the resource allocation and load balancing issues for DC heterogeneous small cell networks.Considering different coverage sizes,numbers of users,and quality of experience characteristics of heterogeneous cells,we present a proportional fair scheduling for user association among cells and utilize interference graph to minimize the transmission conflict probability.Simulation results show the performance improvement of the proposed algorithm in spectrum efficiency and fairness comparing to the existing schemes.
基金This work was supported by the Institute of Information&communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the SouthKorea government(MSIT,2021-0-00040,Development of intelligent stealth technology for information and communication resources for public affairs and missions).
文摘Packet duplication(PD)with dual connectivity(DC)was newly introduced in the 5G New Radio(NR)specifications to meet the stringent ultra reliable low latency communication(URLLC)requirements.PD technology uses duplicated packets in the packet data convergence protocol(PDCP)layer that are transmitted via two different access nodes(ANs)to the user equipment(UE)in order to enhance the reliability performance.However,PD can result in unnecessary retransmissions in the lower layers since the hybrid automatic retransmission request(HARQ)operation is unaware of the transmission success achieved through the alternate DC link to the UE.To overcome this issue,in this paper,a novel duplication-aware retransmission optimization(DRO)scheme is proposed to reduce the resource usage induced by unnecessary HARQ retransmissions.The proposed DRO scheme can minimize the average channel use while satisfying the URLLC requirements.The proposed DRO scheme derives the optimal HARQ retransmission attempts for different ANs by solving a nonlinear integer programming(NLIP)problem.The performance of the proposed DRO scheme was evaluated using MATLAB simulation and is compared to the existing 5G HARQ support schemes.The simulations results show that the proposed DRO scheme can provide a 14.71%and 15.11%reduced average channel use gain compared to the selective data duplication upon failure(SDUF)scheme and latency-aware dynamic multi-connectivity algorithm(LADMA)scheme,respectively,which are the existing 5G PD schemes that use HARQ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62161035 and 61861034)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(No.2022MS06022)。
文摘Dual connectivity(DC)is regarded as a promising technology to increase users’throughput,provide radio link robustness,and improve load-balancing among base stations(BSs).However,since the introduction of DC makes the mobility of network more complex and diversified,especially the mobility management of heterogeneous networks(HetNets)based on DC faces great challenges.Taking event-A3-based measurement report as the trigger condition for handover(HO),this paper compares and evaluates the influences of HO of master nodes(MNs)and secondary nodes(SNs)on link reliability in different bearing modes.Particularly,hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ),throughput,channel quality indicators(CQIs),and data packets queuing time are taken as link reliability analysis indicators.Besides,we study how DC utilizes the traffic split ratio between MNs and SNs to maximize the superiority of throughput.Simulation results show that DC can effectively reduce the impact of HO on the number of HARQ and increase the throughput of users.When the data traffic is tilted to the secondary nodes,the superiority of throughput is more obvious.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10871218)
文摘A new Riemannian metric for positive definite matrices is defined and its geometric structures are investigated by means of dual connections introduced to statistical analysis by S. Amari. A few interesting results are obtained and some of those obtained by other authors are extended in our research.
