Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers＇ water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle： A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.

Study on Dynamic Response of the “Dualistic” Structure Rock Slope with Seismic Wave Theory

Currently, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis on dynamic response mechanism of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure roek slope. The analysis presented here provides insight into the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistie＂ structure rock slope. By investigating the principle of energy distribution, it is shown that the effect of a joint plays a significant role in slope stability analysis. A dynamic reflection and transmission model （RTM） for the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope and explicit dynamic equations are established to analyze the dynamic response of a slope, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the principle of seismic wave propagation. The theoretical simulation solutions show that the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope （soft-hard） model is greater than that of the ＂Dualistic＂ strueture rock slope （hard-soft） model, especially in the slope crest. The magnifying effect of rigid foundation on the dynamic response is more obvious than that of soft foundation. With the amplitude increasing, the cracks could be found in the right slope （soft-hard） crest. The crest failure is firstly observed in the right slope （soft-hard） during the experimental process. The reliability of theoretical model is also investigated by experiment analysis. The conclusions derived in this paper could also be used in future evaluations of Multi-layer rock slopes.

Methodology for reliability allocation based on fault tree analysis and dualistic contrast

Reliability allocation is a difficult multi-objective optimization problem. This paper presents a methodology for reliability allocation that can be applied to determine the reliability characteristics of reactor systems or subsystems. The dualistic contrast,known as one of the most powerful tools for optimization problems,is applied to the reliability allocation model of a typical system in this article. And the fault tree analysis,deemed to be one of the effective methods of reliability analysis,is also adopted. Thus a failure rate allocation model based on the fault tree analysis and dualistic contrast is achieved. An application on the emergency diesel generator in the nuclear power plant is given to illustrate the proposed method.

Encountering Deconstructive Propensities in J.M. Coetzee's Foe: An Anatomization on Dualistic Patterns

Contextualizing his Foe(1986) in the backdrop of South African post- apartheid, Coetzee manipulates multifarious postmodern narrative ploys to purloin, rewrite and widen the canon Robinson Crusoe. In plural demonstrations of dualistic patterns, this novel emphatically unravels Coetzee's textual subversion of the traditional overarching"western logocentrism"or"metaphysics of presence"via catechizing and debilitating the orthodoxy of the white supremacy as well as the male superiority.This detailed analysis, giving a Derridean reading, purports to anatomize and deconstruct the binary oppositions of Self/ Other,White/Black, and Man/Woman among Cruso, Friday and Susan Barton, and reach Coetzee's veritable concerns: to dissolve the Imperialist hierarchy and hegemony, to waive racial enclosure, and to build a dialogue that open up a real respect and coexistence for both the centered and the marginalized.

The Dualistic Nature of Eve in the Diaries of Adam and Eve

Mark Twain’s later fiction The Diaries of Adam and Eve takes on an ironic and humorous way to tell an oldest love story of the first couple of human beings that distinguishes it from his novels in his earlier years.Mark Twain writes this fiction in the voices of Adam and Eve with the new form of a diary as a fiction.Eve,the main character in this fiction,is always regarded as the new woman image,nonetheless,she is still fettered by the social tradition.This paper tries to adopt feminism to analyze the dualis?tic nature of Eve's character.

The Earth-Diver： Hungarian Variants of the Myth of the Dualistic Creation of the World--Pearls in the Primeval Sea of World Creation

In this paper, the author shall deal with the Hungarian variants of dualistic world creation myths. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the nature of the connection between the Central-East European Hungarian and South-East European Romanian and Bulgarian myth variants. The Hungarian pieces are the westernmost variants of the dualistic creation myth-group. Geographically, they stand close to the Romanian variants, but the serious motivational differences between the Romanian and Hungarian variants show that the descent of the two oral narrative groups are distinct, Both the Hungarian and the Romanian variants show similarities with the Bulgarian world creation myths, however, geographically they do not relate tightly. This is why a possible explanation of these correlations is, that the Hungarian and the Bulgarian myths have common Central Eurasian, South-Eastern Siberian origins, upon which starting from the sixth to the seventh centuries the super strata of various gnostic influences have settled.

考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当量的区域植被覆盖率(EGE-RVC)最高为目标函数,并提出了一种耦合约束法、逐次逼近法和非线性规划的三层嵌套算法进行求解。以河南省洛阳市为例对模型和方法进行验证,结果表明,洛阳市可利用水量增加了4463万m^(3),GDP提高了12.5%,EGE-RVC增加了2.6%,各用地类型缺水率不同程度下降。研究成果能够为区域水土资源优化配置研究提供新的思路和技术参考。

环境法典的体系结构、边界延伸与统合立法研究

党的十八大以来,习近平生态文明思想深化了对自然规律、人类社会发展规律的认识,在“大力推进生态文明建设”部分,明确把“资源”“环境”“生态”三者分开并列表述,为环境法体系从“两分法”向“三分法”发展提供了政治基础。随着生态环境立法的激增,环境法体系进一步呈现不成体系性的特点,从“三分法”到“七分法”等观点被提出。环境法领域的扩张性使其边界具有模糊性。国家安全战略对环境法的功能进行了重塑,环境法体系结构需进行调整,应当超越传统分类标准。建议以绿色“新经济安全”价值为最高位阶的总体目标,建构新环境法体系,延伸边界,将气候法作为环境法的子体系;以“自然资本观”统合自然资源法和自然(生态)保护法,理顺内在逻辑结构,更新和构建新的自然资源(生态)保护法子体系。由于环境法体系的变化和不成体系性,在适度性编纂原则的基础上,若以实质性《生态环境法典》为目标,建议以最小范围划定构建统合立法,以总则和环境责任编为核心先行构建“环境法通则”。

网络虚拟财产的物权客体属性与保护

网络虚拟财产不同于传统的现实财产,作为一种新型的财产形态,其法律属性的认定一直存在争议。现实中网络虚拟财产纠纷的日益增加,迫切要求予以明确。目前,《中华人民共和国民法典》已经完成编纂并正式施行,不应再试图为网络虚拟财产设定新的权利类型与保护路径,而应在物债二元体系下寻求对其法律属性的定位。在我国现有民法框架下,通过法律解释可以证成网络虚拟财产符合“物”之支配性和“物必有体”的要求,应将其视为民法上的“物”,归入物权客体的范畴。在明确网络虚拟财产的物权客体属性之后,应当构建起一套系统的物权保护路径,具体来说,应从网络虚拟财产物权的主体、物权的行使及其限制、物权的公示、物权的变动、物权的救济五个方面来完善网络虚拟财产的法律保护。

双阶理论视域下碳排放权的实践困境与对策探讨

碳排放权蕴含碳排放管控的公法特征和私主体自由交易的私法内涵,呈现出公权行使与私法自治交织的特征。在碳排放交易市场日益成熟,并即将全国统一的发展背景下,可采用双阶理论构建碳排放权属性,以碳排放权注册登记为界限,纵向分为两个阶段,注册前视为公法属性,注册后视为私法属性。基于对双阶视阈下的碳排放权困境的分析,探索对立法实践困难和市场实践困难的解决方法,完善碳排放交易机制,以期加快绿色创新步伐,促进实现“双碳”目标。

“二元社会结构”视域下农业特色产业发展路径的分析——以云南花卉产业的发展为例

发展特色农业是我国农业结构战略调整的要求,是提高我国农业国际竞争力的要求,是增加农民收入的迫切需要。云南花卉产业就是发展农业特色产业的一个成功实例,从1983年斗南收获的第一枝剑兰到现在成为全球三大花卉主产区之一,云南花卉产业的发展一直是相关学者热烈讨论的内容。利用“二元社会结构”理论,以云南花卉的产业发展为对象,分析政府力量代表的“伞式社会”和民间力量代表的“蜂窝式社会”在产业发展的各个阶段所发挥的作用。认为在花卉产业形成之初,民间自发性的探索力量以“蜂窝式”扩张,为产业发展奠定了规模基础;随着产业发展,政府力量入场,自上而下提供资源扶持产业发展,激发了产业发展潜力,与民间力量相互补充;进入新发展阶段,政府的“伞式”支持更加多层面、多方位、多领域,与民间“网络式”开拓促进产业升级完善,共同推动云南花卉产业可持续发展。

企业的量子态与人本企业制度安排

企业及其员工具有类量子特性。面对量子态企业,管理需要量子化革命。人本化的企业制度安排是实现量子管理的有效途径,可从产权与治理制度、组织制度和管理制度三个层面入手实现企业管理量子化。二元产权制度、“八爪鱼式”组织架构模式和自驱动的管理制度体系是人本制度安排的思想内核。人本制度安排有助于企业更好地应对外部不确定性,充分发挥人的创造力,提升人创造价值的主动性,充分释放人的内在潜能,最终实现共有经济价值最大化和成就人、发展人的价值管理目标。

“校企合作”二元制食品智能加工技术人才培养模式实践与探索

围绕福建农业职业技术学院与福建圣农食品有限公司联合培养“二元制”食品智能加工技术人才实践成果,阐述“二元制”人才培养与传统高职学生培养存在的不同,校企合作下“二元制”食品智能加工技术专业人才培养实践与成效。结果表明,“二元制”人才培养模式不仅提高企业员工的学历,为企业解决了高技能人才短缺的问题,而且增加了学校办学广度和深度,实现培养高素质应用型人才的目标。

土岩二元基坑不同材质腰梁对锚索预应力损失的影响规律研究

为研究土岩二元基坑不同材质腰梁对锚索预应力损失影响的时变规律,本文依托青岛某土岩基坑工程,开展了GFRP腰梁和双背槽钢腰梁作用下的锚索预应力损失监测的现场试验。研究结果表明:两种材质的腰梁各具优势,GFRP腰梁对锚索短期预应力损失更有利,而双背槽钢腰梁长期损失率更低;双背槽钢腰梁作用下锚索预应力变化趋势更加平缓,浮动范围更小;GFRP腰梁可以有效减少锚索预应力在快速下降阶段的预应力损失量。研究成果可为类似地质条件下基坑支护设计、施工和监测提供参考和借鉴。

基于二元水循环效率提升的城市湿地修复策略

城市湿地对人地系统的水循环调节起着关键作用。随着城市的发展,水资源短缺问题日益突出,探讨湿地在缓解城市水资源危机中的作用具有重要意义。基于“自然-社会”二元水循环理论,综合分析了我国城市用水量在全国总用水量占比急剧增加的现状,以及城市水循环效率低下的重点问题;基于城市水循环途径的取水、输水、用水、排水和回水五个阶段,系统提出湿地的保护恢复有助于改善城市水资源利用状况,增强城市湿地空间优化配置和水资源可持续利用的协同效应;充分考虑城市生态空间整体优化及湿地布局,全面阐释在城市国土空间规划指导下,通过增加城市水循环中社会水回归容量和缩短社会水回归距离,提升城市水循环效率,充分发挥湿地生态工程对城市水循环优化的调控作用;最后,兼顾城市中长期规划发展的协调性、适应性,探讨了湿地保护修复以提升水循环效率的策略,包括多功能水源地建设、缩短汇水距离、多级净水、营建小微湿地以及构建自循环理念的再生系统等具体措施,为城市湿地资源空间规划的整体布局提供重要依据,对促进城市水资源可持续利用和建设人与自然和谐共生的韧性城市具有重要意义。

数字金融发展的动态减污降碳效应——基于二元环境约束的新视角

前沿文献认识到数字金融对减污或降碳的重要性,却并未厘清其对减污降碳的协同影响,也未识别出国家环境治理“强问责、达底线”所引发的地方环境约束在其中扮演的角色。本文系统阐释了二元环境约束下数字金融赋能减污降碳的内在机制,并基于2011—2021年中国275个地级市面板数据,运用中介效应模型、面板门槛技术等做了实证检验。结果发现:数字金融在切实降低城市碳排放的同时,也能有效减少PM2.5浓度,即数字金融发展具有显著的协同减排效应,上述结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;数字金融赋能的减污效应强于降碳效应,且数字金融覆盖广度的积极作用仅出现在城市减污过程中,而数字金融使用深度只对城市降碳具有正面冲击;数字金融不仅能为城市环境治理直接协同赋能,还可通过提高能源效率、驱动产业升级与激发绿色创新来间接助力减污降碳。进一步基于二元环境约束新视角的分析表明,在减污约束和降碳约束调节下,数字金融发展的减污降碳效应呈现边际效率递增的非线性演化特征;二元环境约束的调节机制存在空间差异,东部、中部地区选择较为严厉的降碳约束策略为宜,而东部、西部地区则应采取较为激烈的减污约束策略最佳;现阶段二元环境约束虽总体有利于数字金融与城市减污降碳的协调发展,但减污约束的正向调节效果呈现“中部>西部>东部”的阶梯化异质特征,降碳约束的积极作用仅体现在东部地区。以上发现为二元环境约束下地方政府科学利用数字金融工具,统筹推进“双碳”战略与打赢大气污染防治战,提供了重要政策启示。

“以地谋发展”模式的后果:二元土地体制下地方政府土地出让过度与区域经济扭曲

土地出让市场的降温并不意味着地方政府土地出让对区域经济扭曲的消失。从二元土地体制视角构建了地方政府土地出让决策模型,解释了地方政府通过降低农民土地补偿比例及差异化供地扭曲了区域经济发展。进而,基于地级市面板数据研究了地方政府土地出让过度对区域经济扭曲的影响及其作用机理。研究发现,地方政府土地出让过度显著扭曲了区域经济发展。机制分析发现,地方政府通过提高土地出让收入依赖风险、扭曲土地出让价格以及抑制区域创新引致区域经济的失衡。异质性分析表明,地方政府采取“剪刀差”和“招拍挂”的土地出让方式加剧了土地出让过度对区域经济的扭曲程度。此外,地方政府对资本、资源和技术密集型产业出让土地越多,对区域经济的扭曲效果越显著。进一步分析发现,房地产管控政策在地方政府土地出让过度与区域经济扭曲之间发挥正向调节作用,有助于减轻地方政府土地出让过度对区域经济的扭曲影响。同时,地方政府通过延长新增债券的平均期限、降低再融资债券占比方式缓解因土地出让过度造成的区域经济扭曲。研究结论为推进区域土地市场化改革,促进区域经济发展模式转变提供了有力的证据支持。

蔡元培的艺术观念与二元性叙事模式——从“断裂”谈起

蔡元培对美术的思考与表述带有明显的修辞性二元特征,从美术与科学、美育与实利主义到中国画与西洋画、临摹与写生,这些概念看似对立,但在他的论述中,总能找到某种互补,最终达到“复杂而统一”的兼容状态。因此,对于蔡元培的考察,应跳出非此即彼的二元对立思维。从他的二元性叙事模式切入,对蔡元培的美育观念与美术思想做整体性考察,同时兼顾话语生产的上下文,在看似“断裂”的表述下寻找隐含的内在逻辑。

小尺度典型农村水资源平衡模型研究及应用

针对农村地区水资源、水环境问题,基于二元水循环理论,从自然和社会两方面系统分析了农村不同类型的水量变化规律,构建农村水资源平衡模型和农村水量计算模型。水平衡模型梳理了农村地区水资源变化规律,水量计算模型构建了不同类型水量的计算方法。利用研究区域内气象、土壤及调研数据对山西中部某典型村庄水资源量进行核算,验证水资源平衡模型的科学性。经核算,水资源平衡模型误差为3.12%,能较好地反映农村水资源输入与输出之间的关系,自然作用力下输入和输出水量占比分别为60.72%、95.27%,有更强的“自然”属性,可为提高农村地区水资源利用效率、优化农村水资源配置,解决系统性水资源问题等提供理论支持。

“不分满汉,但问旗民”--对清代满汉关系研究中“旗民界限”视角的反思

“旗民界限”视角在清代满汉关系研究中备受重视,但学界对于“旗民界限”的性质存在重大争议。在“不分满汉,但问旗民”这一话语的影响下,一些学者惯于从“二元对立”的角度出发来理解“旗民界限”。然而,大量研究表明“旗民界限”的性质不是“二元对立”——在某些情况下甚至是“二元合一”的。在辨析各种观点基础上,笔者提出反思“旗民界限”视角的若干进路,以飨学界同仁。