Achieving the reuse of traditional egg by-products,salted duck egg whites(SEW),is an urgent problem to be solved.In this current work,we constructed a heat-induced gel-assisted desalination method for SEW.Subsequently...Achieving the reuse of traditional egg by-products,salted duck egg whites(SEW),is an urgent problem to be solved.In this current work,we constructed a heat-induced gel-assisted desalination method for SEW.Subsequently,a top-down way was utilized to prepare desalted duck egg protein nanogels(DEPN)with uniformly distributed diameters and their application in the oil/water(O/W)interface system was explored.The results revealed that the increase of DEPN concentration could lower the droplet size,however,the size was negatively correlated with the oil phase fraction.Moreover,the effect of pH,ionic strength,and temperature on the emulsion stability demonstrated that the DEPN-stabilized emulsion displayed superior physical stability under different conditions.The addition of NaCl resulted in the significant decrease in droplet size of the emulsion,while further increasing the NaCl concentration,the droplet size did not decrease accordingly.Besides,heat-treatment and cold-treatment had little negative effect on the stability of the emulsion.Even if the droplet size of the emulsion increased at 80℃for 3 h,the morphology of the emulsion remained unchanged.Our study demonstrated DEPN had great potential as a stabilizer for food-grade Pickering emulsions.展开更多
[ Objective ] To investigate effects of Cordyceps feed additive on growth performance, laying rate and egg quality in laying ducks. [ Method] A total of 270 healthy laying ducks were randomly divided into throe groups...[ Objective ] To investigate effects of Cordyceps feed additive on growth performance, laying rate and egg quality in laying ducks. [ Method] A total of 270 healthy laying ducks were randomly divided into throe groups, 90 ducks in each group. The ducks in the control group, group I and group II were fed common basal diet, basal diet containing 10 g/kg Cordyceps feed additive and basal diet containing 40 g/kg Cordyceps feed additive, respectively. The trial lasted for 28 d. During the whole trial, the ducks were weighed and their growth was observed at an interval of 7 d. The exterior quality and the nutritive indexes of duck eggs were determined. [ Result] After experiments, the body weights of ducks in the group I and group II were increased and higher than that of the control group. In the group I and group II, the laying rate was increased by 1.07% and 2.15%, respectively; the egg weight was increased by 3.95% and 4.16%, respectively; and the feed to egg ratio was decreased by 2.54% and 4.23%, respectively. The egg shape and eggshell thickness were consistent between the control group and experimental groups. In the group I and group II, the protein content of the duck eggs was increased by 5.55% and 17.15%, respectively; the cholesterol content was decreased by 11.79% and 42.14%, respectively; the IgY level was increased by 13.20% and 27.97%, respectively; and the lecithin content was increased by 5.13% and 11.69%, respectively. [Condusion] The Cordyceps feed additive can increase the body weight and laying rate of laying ducks and improve the quality of duck eggs.展开更多
The present study was conducted in each 20 eggs stored at 65 °F with 75% relative humidity, for a period of 5 weeks （T-I） 4 weeks （T-2）, 3 weeks （T-3）, 2 weeks （T-4） and 1 week （T-5） with broad end up. ...The present study was conducted in each 20 eggs stored at 65 °F with 75% relative humidity, for a period of 5 weeks （T-I） 4 weeks （T-2）, 3 weeks （T-3）, 2 weeks （T-4） and 1 week （T-5） with broad end up. The external qualities of eggs like egg weight, length, width and volume were measured. After recording the external qualities the eggs were broken on a glass plate for studying the internal qualities. Storage period had no statistically significant effect on egg weight （g）, egg volume （%）, shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage. Egg weight values determined in this present study was between 61.10 and 64.91 g. The egg volume （%）, egg shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage for different storage periods were 87.46 and 98.52, 0.28 and 0.34 5.29 and 5.98; and 8.16 and 9.44 respectively. Yolk weight （g）, yolk percentage and albumen percentage was significantly affected （P 〈 0.01） by storage period and the values ranging between 32.20 and 36.40, 48.59 and 58.53 and 32.01 and 43.24 respectively. Storage period had no statistically significant effects on egg shape index and specific gravity. The storage periods on yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index and Haugh unit were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Yolk index value decreased significantly when storage period was lengthened. This study concluded that yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index, albumen percentage and Haugh unit were decreased with increase in storage time.展开更多
Birds＇ selection on increase of egg＇s mass resulted in changes in the ratio of egg components. In this regard, now selection on improvement of eggs＇ quali- ty became one of the most important directions of selectio...Birds＇ selection on increase of egg＇s mass resulted in changes in the ratio of egg components. In this regard, now selection on improvement of eggs＇ quali- ty became one of the most important directions of selection work. In this work, the interrelation among various qualitative characteristics of eggs of Shanxing egg ducks breed, their variability and an individual assessment of ducks-mothers was considered. Prospects of carrying out selection on increase of yolk ratio in egg were estimated.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of green forage on production performance and egg quality of laying ducks. [ Method] According to one- factor randomized complete experimental design, 200 healthy Suyou...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of green forage on production performance and egg quality of laying ducks. [ Method] According to one- factor randomized complete experimental design, 200 healthy Suyou No. 1 laying ducks aged 200 days were randomly divided into five groups, four repeats each group, and each repeat contained 10 laying ducks. Parts of formulated feed in groups I - IV were replaced with different types and quantities of green forage, and group V was set as control. The trim lasted for 42 d. [ Result] Replacing parts of formulated feed with green forage could improve the production performance of laying ducks （P 〉 0.05 ）, and the economic benefits also increased. For egg quality, Haugh unit was improved （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; yolk color increased significantly ; compared to control group, yolk color was significantly increased in groups with 100 g chicory and 70 g clover （P 〈0.05 ）, and was extremely increased in the group with 100 g clover （P 〈0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] The group with 100 g chicory had the best effect on production performance of laying ducks, and the group with 100 g clover had the best coloring effect on yolk.展开更多
A study was taken up on integration of ducks in private and community fish ponds in Tami Nadu. A total of 50 ha of land under private holding and community water bodies each were selected to implement this model. Duck...A study was taken up on integration of ducks in private and community fish ponds in Tami Nadu. A total of 50 ha of land under private holding and community water bodies each were selected to implement this model. Ducks were integrated based on the water spread area. Fodder, fruit, nuts, fuel, timber trees and vegetables were grown on pond bunds. Control units of fish ponds of farmers holding without integration of ducks also were taken up. A control unit also was established in the university farm land with and without integration of ducks. In private water bodies coconut trees and banana fetched additional revenue. During the first year the average fish production from the private land model was 1,552 kg and 1,731 kg for the first and second year respectively per Hectare. In community ponds the yields were 1,610 and 1,337 kg for the first and second year respectively. In field control units there was no increase in fish yield over the years. In private water bodies the beneficiaries got egg yield of 148 and 90 eggs and community water bodies 144 and 127 eggs per bird were obtained during first and second year resoectivelv.展开更多
鸭蛋裂纹检测技术对于禽蛋加工工厂实现智能化蛋品检测、分级具有重要意义。该研究针对鸭蛋裂纹检测流程复杂、计算量大、模型尺寸大等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5l(you only look once version5 large)的轻量裂纹检测算法,通过在黑...鸭蛋裂纹检测技术对于禽蛋加工工厂实现智能化蛋品检测、分级具有重要意义。该研究针对鸭蛋裂纹检测流程复杂、计算量大、模型尺寸大等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5l(you only look once version5 large)的轻量裂纹检测算法,通过在黑暗条件下使用LED灯照射鸭蛋,根据裂纹蛋壳与完好蛋壳透光性不同产生的图像差异进行检测。通过在YOLOv5中引入Ghost_conv模块,大大减少了模型的浮点计算量和参数量,并在模型的骨干网络中加入ECA(efficient channel attention)注意力机制以及使用多尺度特征融合方法 BIFPN(bi-directional feature pyramid network),增加模型对有效信息的关注度,以提高算法检测精度。同时使用CIoU与α-IoU损失函数融合后替代YOLOv5原始GIoU函数加速回归预测。利用自建的鸭蛋裂纹数据集验证改进后模型的性能,结果表明,本研究提出的改进YOLOv5l网络模型检测精准率为93.8%,与原始YOLOv5l模型相比,检测精度提高了6.3个百分点,参数量和浮点计算量分别减少了30.6%、39.4%。检测帧速率为28.954帧/s,较原始YOLOv5l模型仅下降3.824帧/s。与其他的目标检测常用网络SSD(single shot multibox detector)、YOLOv4、Faster-RCNN(faster region convolutional neural networks)相比,精度分别提高了13.1、12.5、8.2个百分点。本研究提出的方法能够在低硬件资源条件下进行高精度检测,可为实际场景应用提供解决方案和技术支持。展开更多
含盐量是衡量咸鸭蛋品质的重要指标。为了利用机器视觉技术实现高压脉动腌制咸鸭蛋含盐量的无损检测。该研究采用工业相机和透射光源搭建咸鸭蛋的透射图像采集装置。采用图像整体特征和长轴截面光强度特征两种特征提取方法,利用多元线...含盐量是衡量咸鸭蛋品质的重要指标。为了利用机器视觉技术实现高压脉动腌制咸鸭蛋含盐量的无损检测。该研究采用工业相机和透射光源搭建咸鸭蛋的透射图像采集装置。采用图像整体特征和长轴截面光强度特征两种特征提取方法,利用多元线性回归、支持向量机回归两种算法,建立对蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋含盐量以及蛋黄指数的定量预测模型。结果表明,随着咸鸭蛋腌制时间的增加,其透光性显著提高。同时,透射图像蛋黄的所在视野区域会随着含盐量的增加而呈现规律性的变化。基于图像整体特征建立的蛋清、蛋黄、全蛋含盐量模型较优,在蛋黄指数预测下基于长轴截面光强度特征所建模型较优。其中,基于图像整体特征所建立的蛋黄含盐量支持向量机回归(support vector regression,SVR)模型最优,测试集相关系数(test set correlation coefficient,Rp)、测试集均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEp)、相对分析误差(residual predictive deviation,RPD)分别达到0.8460、0.3416、1.898;基于长轴截面光强度特征建立的蛋黄指数多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型最优,测试集相关系数Rp、均方根误差RMSEp、相对分析误差RPD分别为0.8318、0.0743、1.916。该研究结果为咸鸭蛋含盐量的快速检测提供理论依据和技术支持。展开更多
Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 mz was constructed on...Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 mz was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks＇ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, 21.78% of total nitrogen （TN） and 23.02% of total phosphorus （TP）. Both dissolved oxygen （DO） and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the differences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）, but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth. We concluded that a water hyacinth system was effective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172354)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Oilseeds processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(202003)the Doctoral Research Startup Fund of Hubei University of Technology(BSQD2017027)。
文摘Achieving the reuse of traditional egg by-products,salted duck egg whites(SEW),is an urgent problem to be solved.In this current work,we constructed a heat-induced gel-assisted desalination method for SEW.Subsequently,a top-down way was utilized to prepare desalted duck egg protein nanogels(DEPN)with uniformly distributed diameters and their application in the oil/water(O/W)interface system was explored.The results revealed that the increase of DEPN concentration could lower the droplet size,however,the size was negatively correlated with the oil phase fraction.Moreover,the effect of pH,ionic strength,and temperature on the emulsion stability demonstrated that the DEPN-stabilized emulsion displayed superior physical stability under different conditions.The addition of NaCl resulted in the significant decrease in droplet size of the emulsion,while further increasing the NaCl concentration,the droplet size did not decrease accordingly.Besides,heat-treatment and cold-treatment had little negative effect on the stability of the emulsion.Even if the droplet size of the emulsion increased at 80℃for 3 h,the morphology of the emulsion remained unchanged.Our study demonstrated DEPN had great potential as a stabilizer for food-grade Pickering emulsions.
基金funded by the Key Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province in 2008 (08010302085)the Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Programs of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2008GB2C300131)
文摘[ Objective ] To investigate effects of Cordyceps feed additive on growth performance, laying rate and egg quality in laying ducks. [ Method] A total of 270 healthy laying ducks were randomly divided into throe groups, 90 ducks in each group. The ducks in the control group, group I and group II were fed common basal diet, basal diet containing 10 g/kg Cordyceps feed additive and basal diet containing 40 g/kg Cordyceps feed additive, respectively. The trial lasted for 28 d. During the whole trial, the ducks were weighed and their growth was observed at an interval of 7 d. The exterior quality and the nutritive indexes of duck eggs were determined. [ Result] After experiments, the body weights of ducks in the group I and group II were increased and higher than that of the control group. In the group I and group II, the laying rate was increased by 1.07% and 2.15%, respectively; the egg weight was increased by 3.95% and 4.16%, respectively; and the feed to egg ratio was decreased by 2.54% and 4.23%, respectively. The egg shape and eggshell thickness were consistent between the control group and experimental groups. In the group I and group II, the protein content of the duck eggs was increased by 5.55% and 17.15%, respectively; the cholesterol content was decreased by 11.79% and 42.14%, respectively; the IgY level was increased by 13.20% and 27.97%, respectively; and the lecithin content was increased by 5.13% and 11.69%, respectively. [Condusion] The Cordyceps feed additive can increase the body weight and laying rate of laying ducks and improve the quality of duck eggs.
文摘The present study was conducted in each 20 eggs stored at 65 °F with 75% relative humidity, for a period of 5 weeks （T-I） 4 weeks （T-2）, 3 weeks （T-3）, 2 weeks （T-4） and 1 week （T-5） with broad end up. The external qualities of eggs like egg weight, length, width and volume were measured. After recording the external qualities the eggs were broken on a glass plate for studying the internal qualities. Storage period had no statistically significant effect on egg weight （g）, egg volume （%）, shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage. Egg weight values determined in this present study was between 61.10 and 64.91 g. The egg volume （%）, egg shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage for different storage periods were 87.46 and 98.52, 0.28 and 0.34 5.29 and 5.98; and 8.16 and 9.44 respectively. Yolk weight （g）, yolk percentage and albumen percentage was significantly affected （P 〈 0.01） by storage period and the values ranging between 32.20 and 36.40, 48.59 and 58.53 and 32.01 and 43.24 respectively. Storage period had no statistically significant effects on egg shape index and specific gravity. The storage periods on yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index and Haugh unit were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Yolk index value decreased significantly when storage period was lengthened. This study concluded that yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index, albumen percentage and Haugh unit were decreased with increase in storage time.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for National Waterfowl-industry Technology Research System(CARS-43-2)National Supporting Projects for Science and Techniques(2012BAD12B10)Special Project for International Science and Technology Cooperation(2013DFA31880)
文摘Birds＇ selection on increase of egg＇s mass resulted in changes in the ratio of egg components. In this regard, now selection on improvement of eggs＇ quali- ty became one of the most important directions of selection work. In this work, the interrelation among various qualitative characteristics of eggs of Shanxing egg ducks breed, their variability and an individual assessment of ducks-mothers was considered. Prospects of carrying out selection on increase of yolk ratio in egg were estimated.
基金Supported by Practice and Innovation Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province(SJG(2011)No.25)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of green forage on production performance and egg quality of laying ducks. [ Method] According to one- factor randomized complete experimental design, 200 healthy Suyou No. 1 laying ducks aged 200 days were randomly divided into five groups, four repeats each group, and each repeat contained 10 laying ducks. Parts of formulated feed in groups I - IV were replaced with different types and quantities of green forage, and group V was set as control. The trim lasted for 42 d. [ Result] Replacing parts of formulated feed with green forage could improve the production performance of laying ducks （P 〉 0.05 ）, and the economic benefits also increased. For egg quality, Haugh unit was improved （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; yolk color increased significantly ; compared to control group, yolk color was significantly increased in groups with 100 g chicory and 70 g clover （P 〈0.05 ）, and was extremely increased in the group with 100 g clover （P 〈0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] The group with 100 g chicory had the best effect on production performance of laying ducks, and the group with 100 g clover had the best coloring effect on yolk.
文摘A study was taken up on integration of ducks in private and community fish ponds in Tami Nadu. A total of 50 ha of land under private holding and community water bodies each were selected to implement this model. Ducks were integrated based on the water spread area. Fodder, fruit, nuts, fuel, timber trees and vegetables were grown on pond bunds. Control units of fish ponds of farmers holding without integration of ducks also were taken up. A control unit also was established in the university farm land with and without integration of ducks. In private water bodies coconut trees and banana fetched additional revenue. During the first year the average fish production from the private land model was 1,552 kg and 1,731 kg for the first and second year respectively per Hectare. In community ponds the yields were 1,610 and 1,337 kg for the first and second year respectively. In field control units there was no increase in fish yield over the years. In private water bodies the beneficiaries got egg yield of 148 and 90 eggs and community water bodies 144 and 127 eggs per bird were obtained during first and second year resoectivelv.
文摘含盐量是衡量咸鸭蛋品质的重要指标。为了利用机器视觉技术实现高压脉动腌制咸鸭蛋含盐量的无损检测。该研究采用工业相机和透射光源搭建咸鸭蛋的透射图像采集装置。采用图像整体特征和长轴截面光强度特征两种特征提取方法,利用多元线性回归、支持向量机回归两种算法,建立对蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋含盐量以及蛋黄指数的定量预测模型。结果表明,随着咸鸭蛋腌制时间的增加,其透光性显著提高。同时,透射图像蛋黄的所在视野区域会随着含盐量的增加而呈现规律性的变化。基于图像整体特征建立的蛋清、蛋黄、全蛋含盐量模型较优,在蛋黄指数预测下基于长轴截面光强度特征所建模型较优。其中,基于图像整体特征所建立的蛋黄含盐量支持向量机回归(support vector regression,SVR)模型最优,测试集相关系数(test set correlation coefficient,Rp)、测试集均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEp)、相对分析误差(residual predictive deviation,RPD)分别达到0.8460、0.3416、1.898;基于长轴截面光强度特征建立的蛋黄指数多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型最优,测试集相关系数Rp、均方根误差RMSEp、相对分析误差RPD分别为0.8318、0.0743、1.916。该研究结果为咸鸭蛋含盐量的快速检测提供理论依据和技术支持。
文摘Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 mz was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks＇ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, 21.78% of total nitrogen （TN） and 23.02% of total phosphorus （TP）. Both dissolved oxygen （DO） and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the differences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）, but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth. We concluded that a water hyacinth system was effective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.
