INFLUENCE OF AIRCRAFT DEICER ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

The influence of glycol,the main composition of the most frequently used aircraft dicer,on the freeze-thaw durability of high performance concrete（HPC）is investigated.Freeze-thaw durability of HPC is tested by accelerated freeze-thaw test.Four kinds of the solution,i.e.,tap water,3.5% NaCl solution,glycol solutions,and a LBR-A type commercial aircraft deicer are employed.Results show that freeze-thaw durability of HPC exposed to glycol solutions is closely related to the solution concentrations.The failure of HPC exposed to 3.5% glycol solution is similar to that of those exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution,i.e.,serious surface scaling.While the damage of HPC exposed to 12.5%—25% glycol solutions is postponed.Compared with glycol solution,the commercial aircraft deicer has much more negative effects on HPC freeze-thaw durability compared with 3.5% NaCl solution.In the presence of commercial aircraft deicer for HPC subjected to freeze-thaw cycles,the deterioration is mainly due to scaling and spalling.

A Simple Mix Proportion Design Method Based on Frost Durability for Recycled High Performance Concrete Using Fully Coarse Recycled Aggregate

Durability design of recycled high performance concrete（RHPC） is fundamental for improving the use rate and level of concrete waste as coarse recycled aggregate（CRA）. We discussed a frostdurability-based mix proportion design method for RHPC using 100 % CRA and natural sand. Five groups of RHPC mixes with five strength grades（40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 MPa） were produced using CRA with four quality classes, and their workability, 28 d compressive strengths and frost resistances（measured by the compressive strength loss ratio and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity） were tested. Relationships between the 28 d compressive strength, the frost resistance and the CRA quality characteristic parameter, water absorption, were then developed. The criterion of a CRA maximum water absorption limit value for RHPC was suggested, independent of its source and quality class. The results show that all RHPC mixes achieve the expected target workability, strength, and frost durability. The research results demonstrate that the application of the proposed method does not require trial testing prior to use.

Assessment of Durability and Long Term Performance of High Density Polyethylene Drainboards in the Gotthard Railway Tunnels

Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primary concern. This paper describes advantages and concerns related to the usage of, and the design with, polymeric drainboards in tunnel construction. Common degradation mechanisms associated with HDPE （high density polyethylene） sheets are described. The stringent requirements for the Gotthard Alpine Railway Tunnel through the Swiss Alps, e.g., high ambient temperatures of up to 45 ℃ and an expected service life of up to 100 years require outstanding aging resistance of polymeric drainage materials. The paper describes the methods deployed to investigate the long-term performance of HDPE drainboards, focusing on aging mechanisms. Details associated with the test procedures developed to reflect the specific properties of drainboards, as well as the results obtained, are presented. A summary table shows recommended product specifications needed to confine the aging properties of drainboards and to design a system performing adequately during the entire lifetime of the structure.

Influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro performance of UHPFRCC

This study investigates the influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC）, and aims to discover whether it is possible to produce qualified UHPFRCC using different curing regimes. A control mix of UHPFRCC is prepared. The mechanical performance and the short-term durability of the UHPFRCC matrix under three curing regimes are studied. In addition, the microstructures of the UHPFRCC matrix with different curing conditions are analyzed by combining scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. The results explore how different UHPFRCC curing regimes affect its microstructure and how the microstructure affects its macro behavior. Heat and steam curing for 3 d is succeeded to produce the UHPFRCC with nearly the same mechanical properties and durability as those of the 90 d standard curing. However, the heat cured UHPFRCC does not show great resistance to chloride-ion penetration.

Main properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites under couple effect of load and environment

This study aims to reveal the mechanism that how the content of steel fibers and strength grades affect the macro performance of the ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC） and to study the UHPFRCC durability under the combined effect of loads and environments. Three types of high and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with different strength grades （100, 150, 200 MPa） and different steel fiber volume fractions （0%, 1%, 2%, 3%） are prepared. The main properties of mechanical performance and short-term durability are studied. A preloading frame is designed to apply a four- point load external flexural stress with a stress selection ratio of 0.5 for UHPFRCC150 specimens. The results show that the growth in strength grade with a proper content of steel fiber greatly increases the strength and toughness of the HPFRCC and the UHPFRCC while decreasing the dry-shrinkage ratio. For the loaded specimens, the existence of steel fiber can reduce the negative influence of tensile stress on the Cl- penetration resistance of the UHPFRCC in addition to improving its ability to resist the freeze-thaw damage.

Preparation of Heavyweight Ultra-high Performance Concrete Using Barite Sand and Titanium-rich Heavy Slag Sand

The heavyweight ultra-high performance concrete(HUHPC)was prepared with barite sand partially replaced by titanium-rich heavy slag sand(THS)at replacement proportion of 0%,30%,50%,70%and 100%in this work.The results show that THS incorporation can effectively improve the mechanical properties and reduce the volume shrinkage of HUHPC.The HUHPC with 50%THS replacement reaches an apparent density of 2890 kg/m^(3)(for fresh HUHPC),28 d compressive strength of 129 MPa,28 d flexural strength of 23 MPa,28 d flexural toughness of 28.4,56 d volume shrinkage of 359×10^(-4) and,as expected,excellent durability.Microstructural investigation demonstrates that the internal curing of pre-wetted THS promotes the hydration of the surrounding cement paste thereby strengthening the interfacial transition zone,resulting in the“hard shell”formation around aggregate to“protect”the aggregate.Additionally,the“pin structure”significantly improves the cement paste-aggregate interfacial connection.The combination of“hard shell protection”and“pin structure”remarkably improve the mechanical properties of HUHPC produced with porous THS aggregate.

High-Performance and Multifunctional Cement-Based Composite Material

Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those that support the desirable durability, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure that directly impact our quality of life. It is proposed that high-performance material characteristics include tensile ductility, autogenous crack-width control, and material “greenness.” Furthermore, smart functionalities should be aimed at enhancing infrastructure durability, resilience, and sustainability by responding to changes in the surrounding environment of the structure in order to perform desirable functions, thus causing the material to behave in a manner more akin to certain biological materials. Based on recent advances in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), this paper suggests that concrete embodying such high-performance characteristics and smart multifunctionalities can be designed, and holds the potential to fulfill the expected civil infrastructure needs of the 21st century. Highlights of relevant properties of ECCs are provided, and directions for necessary future research are indicated.

Development of Optimal Structural System for Hybrid Cable-Stayed Bridges Using Ultra High Performance Concrete

This study developed an optimal structural system for the hybrid cable-stayed bridge expected to have a durable lifetime of 200 years and of which major structural members are made of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) with 200 MPa-class compressive strength. This innovative cable-stayed bridge system makes it possible to reduce each of the construction and maintenance costs by 20% compared to the conventional concrete cable-stayed bridge by improving significantly the weight and durability of the bridge. Therefore, detail design is carried out considering a real 800 m cable-stayed bridge and the optimal structure of the hybrid cable-stayed bridge is proposed and verified.

Analysis of the Properties and Anti-Seepage Mechanism of PBFC Slurry in Landfill

As the landfill leachate has strong pollution on the underground water,surface water and soil.This paper develops the formula of impervious slurry with low permeability,good durability,strong adsorption and retardant based on the bentonite which is modified by polyvinyl alcohol.Through the simulation experiment,the optimum formula of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.2%.Its osmotic coefficient for 28 days is 0.53×10^-8~1.86×10^-8 cm/s and compressive strength is 0.5~1.5 MPa as well.This paper study on the retardant rule of the consolidation of slurry against the pollution in the leachate by self-made percolation instrument.The experiment shows that the retardant rate of the consolidation against inorganic pollutants and organic pollutants is over 85% and the retardant rate against heavy metal ion such as Hg and Pb is above 99%.The slurry has the characteristics of low permeability,high retardant against pollution,good durability and plasticity,no chemical additives,no pollution,wide source of raw materials and good economy which determine it can be used to new landfill or existing landfill,building foundation pit and water conservancy project.

水性环氧树脂-聚丙烯纤维改性水泥基快速修补砂浆性能研究

为改善机场道面修补砂浆脆性大和粘结性能差等问题,本文利用水性环氧树脂(WER)、聚丙烯(PP)纤维和硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)制备出一种快速修补砂浆,并对其工作性能、力学性能、阻尼性能和耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明,PP纤维和WER可显著提高快速修补砂浆韧性和粘结性能,使得快速修补砂浆2 h抗压、抗折强度和粘结强度分别达到22.3,5.1和3.7MPa,满足民用机场规范要求,同时可改善快速修补砂浆的阻尼性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。

海砂超高性能混凝土试验

采用未淡化的海砂制备超高性能混凝土(UHPC)和普通混凝土,研究了不同氯离子含量的海砂对UHPC抗压强度、孔结构、快速氯离子渗透性以及内置钢筋耐久性的影响,并与普通混凝土进行分析比较。结果表明,海砂中的氯离子含量对UHPC抗压强度并不会产生较大的消极影响;海砂UHPC的临界孔半径约为2 nm,与海砂普通混凝土不同,孔隙率随海砂中氯含量的增加而增加;即使海砂氯离子含量高达0.636%,海砂UHPC的氯离子渗透性仍可忽略不计;海砂UHPC中钢筋在28 d后处于钝化状态并趋于稳定。

低压养护下低热水泥混凝土的性能研究

研究了不同养护(低压养护、标准养护)条件下掺不同品种水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥OPC、低热水泥LHPC)混凝土的性能,分析了LHPC混凝土的孔结构对其性能的影响。结果表明:相同养护条件下,LHPC混凝土的后期抗压强度高于OPC混凝土;低压养护条件下,LHPC的放热量远低于OPC,LHPC可以持续进行水化,对低压环境的适应性更好,LHPC混凝土的孔结构更加致密,LHPC混凝土的耐久性能更好;混凝土的耐久性能与孔结构呈线性关系,且耐久性能随着孔结构的劣化而降低。

改性彩色沥青路面色彩耐久性与抗滑性能研究

为提高彩色沥青路面色彩耐久性并研究其抗滑性能,采用有机硅-聚丙酸酯(silane-modified polyacrylate,SMP)对彩色沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(color stone mastic asphalt,CSMA)和彩色开级配抗滑表层(color open graded friction course,COGFC)2种混合料改性,借助小型加速加载设备进行对彩色沥青路面进行色彩耐久性评价,并通过三维扫描仪进行路面纹理信息采集,分析路面三维参数与其抗滑性能之间的关系。结果表明,SMP改性剂可有效提高CSMA、COGFC两种混合料的抗磨耗能力,提升彩色沥青色彩耐久性;CSMA及COGFC路面抗滑性能受到不同三维参数的影响,路面的摩擦系数模型由各自相关因子控制,增加路面暴露的集料数量和使用尖角集料能使彩色沥青路面的抗滑性能得到提升。

硫酸盐干湿循环下玄武岩纤维混凝土抗侵蚀研究

以玄武岩纤维混凝土为研究对象,开展了不同硫酸盐浓度下干湿循环侵蚀试验,重点研究抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、相对动弹性模量及质量变化随干湿循环周次的变化规律及不同玄武岩纤维掺量对侵蚀劣化程度的影响。试验结果表明:干湿循环下硫酸盐浓度对不同纤维体积掺量的混凝土性能侵蚀劣化影响显著。随着硫酸盐浓度的增大,在干湿循环条件下抗压强度、劈裂抗压强度和质量变化曲线均由近似线性增长逐渐演化为“锅盖状”的先增后减,最大值对应的干湿循环周次为30,相对动弹性模量则由“躺L型”演变为“躺S型”;适量纤维的掺入可有效提高混凝土致密性,削弱硫酸盐侵蚀对混凝土性能劣化的影响。

粉煤灰和表面防护剂对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

提升混凝土耐久性能的关键在于提高其抗渗性能,涂抹表面防护材料和掺加粉煤灰是两种常用的技术手段,为研究两种技术对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的协同提升效果,设计了不同掺量粉煤灰混凝土,对部分试件进行了无机表面防护材料喷涂,研究其对立方体抗压强度和抗氯离子渗透性的影响。试验结果表明:混凝土的抗压强度受粉煤灰掺量的显著影响,而受表面防护剂的影响不大;涂抹防护剂对无掺加粉煤灰或掺加少量(9.5%)粉煤灰混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能提升效果更为明显;对掺量较大(19%)的粉煤灰混凝土,测试其抗氯离子渗透性能时,建议以长龄期的结果为主为宜。

国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝耐久性研究

以国家速滑馆首次应用的国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝为研究对象,对其使用性能、基本特性及耐久性等进行研究。采用了国家速滑馆内部高空索体实际服役环境处的大气暴露试验方式,综合考虑索在加工安装过程中易产生的损伤,对索丝试件进行了划痕、刮擦、焊点的预制缺陷设计,研究了含预制缺陷的国产Zn-5%Al-稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝在真实使用环境中的大气腐蚀行为规律,并采用力学性能测试研究了索丝在服役环境大气腐蚀作用下的力学性能变化规律及不同缺陷对力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工安装过程中在索丝表面合金镀层产生的划痕、刮擦、焊点等损伤,会破坏合金镀层的完整性。大气暴露试验和力学性能试验中,三类缺陷对索丝金属镀层防大气腐蚀性能和单丝抗拉强度均有负面影响,其中焊点缺陷影响最大,单丝抗拉强度下降约40%。

工业与建筑固废高效利用混凝土及其工程结构防灾研究

我国工业固废与建筑拆除固废存量巨大,且固废产生量逐年增加,固废堆存造成的滑坡灾害、环境污染灾害和占用大范围场地给可持续发展带来了挑战。此外,历次大地震造成房屋倒塌也产生大量的建筑固废,如何将这些建筑固废在灾后重建中高效利用,引发国内外学者的广泛关注。目前利用这些固废制备混凝土是具有重要价值和前景的方案,采用工业固废、建筑固废、工业和建筑固废制备的混凝土被统称为固废混凝土,其中利用后两者制备的混凝土也被称为再生混凝土。固废高效利用混凝土有3层含义,即固废胶凝材料和固废骨料性能提升、高固废掺量混凝土、固废混凝土在工程结构中根据受力需求合理利用。综述了不同建筑固废和工业固废的物化特性,概述了不同固废材料对混凝土力学性能和耐久性能的影响,在归纳固废混凝土构件及结构抗震性能、抗火性能研究结果的基础上,对固废混凝土结构防灾技术研究的发展进行了展望。

永磁辅助同步磁阻电机优化设计及试验

永磁辅助同步磁阻电机具有高效率、高功率密度、低维护需求等优点,在电机的电磁设计时,由于涉及的参数变量较多,如磁通密度、线圈匝数、永磁材料的选择等,尤其是在追求最大化效率和输出功率的同时,还需要考虑到成本、物料的可获得性以及设计的可行性。该文基于永磁辅助同步磁阻电机基本工作原理及结构估算模型,以提高电机额定工况下运行效率为优化目标,采用田口法对电机相关参数进行优化设计,并对优化后的结果与原始方案进行对比。测试结果表明,与原始设计相比,优化后的电机在效率、温升控制和输出扭矩方面均有明显改进,尤其是在高负载条件下,优化电机展现出更稳定的性能和更高的能效。研究结果旨在通过采用先进的设计方法和试验验证,为永磁辅助同步磁阻电机性能的优化提供相关参考和建议。

水泥基材料热湿耦合传输性能

通过大气环境下水泥基材料热湿耦合传输试验,考察了温湿度梯度对湿传输、温湿度分布的影响。试验结果表明,湿传输随着温湿度梯度的增大而加快,且温度梯度比湿度梯度对湿传输的影响大;温度梯度比湿度梯度对温度分布的影响大;温湿度梯度对相对湿度分布的影响都比较大。因此,在水泥基材料热湿耦合传输过程中,水泥浆的湿传输比砂浆快,且应考虑热传输对湿传输的影响,但湿传输对热传输的影响可以忽略。计算结果表明,热湿耦合传输模型对水泥基材料具有较好的适用性。

再生粗骨料强化工艺对再生混凝土力学性能及耐久性能的影响

分别采用级配强化、化学浆液强化和级配-化学浆液复合强化3种工艺对再生粗骨料进行品质提升,考察不同强化工艺对再生混凝土力学性能及耐久性能的影响。结果表明:当分形维数取2.6时,再生粗骨料的压碎指标最小,级配强化工艺对再生混凝土抗压强度的提升效果较好,但对弹性模量、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能的改善不明显;采用水泥外掺硅灰浆液强化的再生粗骨料可有效提高再生混凝土的弹性模量和抗冻性能,降低再生混凝土的碳化深度;级配-化学浆液复合强化工艺结合了两种单一强化工艺的特点,对再生混凝土力学性能和耐久性能的改善效果最佳。