It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds h...It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.展开更多
It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds ...It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.展开更多
COMPATRIOTS in Hong Kong share a revolutionary tradition. Early in 1922 and 1925, the Seamen’s Strike and Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike were taking place in Hong Kong, shocking the country and the world. During the one-...COMPATRIOTS in Hong Kong share a revolutionary tradition. Early in 1922 and 1925, the Seamen’s Strike and Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike were taking place in Hong Kong, shocking the country and the world. During the one-year-long Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike, many family members of workers also fought. Late in 1936, influenced by the upsurge of resistance against Japanese aggression in the country, people in Hong Kong rose up to help save the nation. Save-the-nation associations of women, students and literary and art circles went up one after another. When the news that展开更多
SINCE its foundation, the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA) was productive, achieving much success and gaing public support."The students have been organized and shown the power of the collective. It is an ord...SINCE its foundation, the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA) was productive, achieving much success and gaing public support."The students have been organized and shown the power of the collective. It is an ordinary thing on the Mainland, bu is a miracle in Hong Kong...," Shen Pao newspaper read. "The Hong Kong student movement seems promising for Hong Kong youth. The future is bright as the Chinese nation has such promising young people." In 1940, we ended the HKSA’s work. The female students’ work shifted to schools. Female student leaders went展开更多
Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship...Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship and the traditional spirit of the Way of the Bodhisattva.In terms of individual life experience,it responds to the spirit of the times through the conscious and innovative use of Buddhist conceptions introduced in a modern manner;in terms of identifying a social role,its artistic practice consciously and actively answers the call of China’s wartime cultural strategy;and in terms of artistic production,it vigorously promotes modernization of expression and popular participation.These new elements and tendencies offer a perspective that cannot be overlooked if we are to gain an in-depth and comprehensive appreciation and evaluation of the role of wartime Buddhist literature in China’s national war of resistance.展开更多
The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of a...The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war展开更多
Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 1...Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand展开更多
Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for ...Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.展开更多
Resistance prediction of ships using computational fluid dynamics has gained popularity over the years because of its high accuracy and low cost. This paper conducts numerical estimations of the ship resistance and mo...Resistance prediction of ships using computational fluid dynamics has gained popularity over the years because of its high accuracy and low cost. This paper conducts numerical estimations of the ship resistance and motion of a Japan bulk carrier model using SHIP_Motion, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RaNS)-based solver, and HydroSTAR, a commercial potential flow (PF)-based solver. The RaNS solver uses an overset-structured mesh and discretizes the flow field using the finite volume method, while the PF-based solver applies the three-dimensional panel method. In the calm water test, the total drag coefficient, sinkage, and trim were predicted using the RaNS solver following mesh dependency analysis, and the results were compared with the available experimental data. Next, calm water resistance was investigated for a range of Froude numbers. The added resistance in short-wave cases was simulated using both RaNS and PF solvers, and the results were compared. The PF solver showed better agreement with the RaNS solver for predicting motion responses than for predicting added resistance. While the added resistance results could not be directly validated because of the absence of experimental data, considering the previous accuracy of the RaNS solver in added resistance prediction and general added resistance profile of similar hull forms (bulk carriers), the prediction results could be concluded to be reliable.展开更多
PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seafood products in Japan.A total of 215 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from loc...PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seafood products in Japan.A total of 215 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from local and imported seafood samples collected from retail markets in Hiroshima Prefecture.Class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes encoding resistance to trimethoprim展开更多
What is unique about the Battle of Imphal during the World War II is that it was the fiercest Battle of the war.Moreover,most inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent had never heard of Imphal,the capital of Manipur.Man...What is unique about the Battle of Imphal during the World War II is that it was the fiercest Battle of the war.Moreover,most inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent had never heard of Imphal,the capital of Manipur.Manipur is located in a North East pocket of the country sharing an international border with Myanmar,and at the time the battle occurred,the British ruling in India was extremely interested in Burma.In this Battle known as“Japan Lan”it was the Japanese Imperial Army that were the aggressors.When they came to Manipur,the Manipuris were surprised to see them-as they had probably never encountered any Japanese,because in physical appearance they resembled one another,and because they did not know the purpose of the Japanese entry into Manipur.This paper highlights why the people of Manipur had empathy for the aggressor,and the reaction of the indigenous communities to the Japanese invasion and the Battle of Imphal.展开更多
Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various p...Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.展开更多
The Last Lawn of the Afternoon is one of Haruki Murakami’s most important early short stories.In this paper,I avoid conventional arguments,focusing my analysis on the encounter between the middle-aged woman and Boku,...The Last Lawn of the Afternoon is one of Haruki Murakami’s most important early short stories.In this paper,I avoid conventional arguments,focusing my analysis on the encounter between the middle-aged woman and Boku,and the work’s historical backdrop and setting instead.This reveals how Boku’s personal experience speaks to the everyday lives of Japanese citizens at the mercy of circumstances in postwar Japan under American influence and international events.It appears that Murakami attempts to convert the personal minority“memories”,lurking in the everyday order of postwar Japan,into“novels”as open collaborative storiesin his early short stories.展开更多
目的探索对比中、外抗生素领域近5年研究热点和前沿。方法运用文献计量可视化软件Citespace,对比分析《中国抗生素杂志》与《Jounal of Antibiotics》(日本)(下文简称《J Antibiotics》)两刊近5年刊载文量、影响因子、文献关键词知识图...目的探索对比中、外抗生素领域近5年研究热点和前沿。方法运用文献计量可视化软件Citespace,对比分析《中国抗生素杂志》与《Jounal of Antibiotics》(日本)(下文简称《J Antibiotics》)两刊近5年刊载文量、影响因子、文献关键词知识图谱,探索抗生素领域中、外文文献关注热点和前沿,寻找国内刊物与国际刊物载文区别以及探索《中国抗生素杂志》的发展之路。结果两刊载文量均处于呈逐年下降并趋于稳定;《中国抗生素杂志》近5年影响因子逐步提升,《J Antibiotics》相对稳定;关键词共现和聚类分析显示两刊共同关注热点是“耐药性”,《中国抗生素杂志》载文热点是抗生素药物研究成果与临床研究成果相结合,及中药在感染性疾病上的应用以及国内抗生素药物的质量控制;《J Antibiotics》则以抗生素类新药剂、天然产物药物研发等基础研究论文为主。结论抗生素领域发展前沿主要是耐药性的探究以及应对此问题的新药及新的治疗方法的研发。在保持现有载文特色的基础上,《中国抗生素杂志》期待能够更多地报道抗生素和天然产物药物领域的基础研究成果。展开更多
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in East Asia. The overallseroprevalence rate of H. pylori infection is 44.2% in China, 37.6%-43.2% in Japan,and 51.0% in South Korea. H. pylori can cause p...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in East Asia. The overallseroprevalence rate of H. pylori infection is 44.2% in China, 37.6%-43.2% in Japan,and 51.0% in South Korea. H. pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastriccancer. East Asian countries have high rates of gastric cancer (age-standardizedincidence rate: 20-30 per 100000). The Kyoto global consensus report emphasizedthat H. pylori gastritis should be considered the main cause for the development ofgastric cancer. H. pylori treatment guidelines in China, Japan, and South Koreahave recently been revised according to data from each of those countries.However, emerging antibiotic resistance is an important barrier to H. pylorieradication. The recommended H. pylori treatment regimens differ among thosethree East Asian countries. In this review, recent guidelines and up-to-dateresearch on H. pylori treatment regimens from China, Japan, and South Korea arediscussed.展开更多
From 1592 to 1945, Japan conducted a series of military incursions in East Asia, including the invasion of Korea of 1592-1598, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Japanese War of Aggression against China of the...From 1592 to 1945, Japan conducted a series of military incursions in East Asia, including the invasion of Korea of 1592-1598, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Japanese War of Aggression against China of the 1930s-1940s. The tone of this series of aggressive actions was set by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was continued in the Meiji Restoration and magnified in the Showa era, crystallizing into a pervading pattern of thought and action hiding behind the facts. Those post-World War II views that propose to cut the connections among these wars launched by Japan do not conform to the way Japanese said and behaved in the past but merely endorse some contemporary Japanese academic opinions. Therefore, exploring the facts and hidden logic linking these wars and restoring the original attributes of each regional war may be of benefit to fundamental studies and realistic concerns about Eastern Asian issues.展开更多
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a less invasive cancer treatment using photochemical reactions induced by light irradiation to a photosensitizer (PS). Highly selective PDT with fast accumulation of the PS in...Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a less invasive cancer treatment using photochemical reactions induced by light irradiation to a photosensitizer (PS). Highly selective PDT with fast accumulation of the PS in target site might be a promising treatment option for drug-resistant prostate cancer facing high incidence rate of elderly men who have no effective treatment options and require a minimally invasive treatment. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) allows selective and fast drug delivery to the drug-resistant prostate cancer cells via rapid cell membrane fusion. PS named porphyrus envelope (PE) has been developed by insertion of lipidated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX lipid) into HVJ-E. In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for PE preparation and laser irradiation for highly selective PDT using PE with a short drug-light interval. Materials and Methods: Human hormon refractory prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and human normal prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 were cultured. PpIX lipid uptake and cytotoxicity of PDT in the cells incubated with PE for 10 min were evaluated by measuring fluorescence intensity and by using a cell counting reagent 24 h after PDT, respectively. Results: PpIX lipid uptake and cytotoxicity of PDT were increased with PpIX lipid concentration. Cytotoxicity of PDT using PE was more than 9 times as strong as that with PpIX lipid and PpIX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Much stronger cytotoxicity was induced in PC-3 cells than PNT2 cells with the ratio of cell death rate for cancer to normal cells up to 4.64 ± 0.09. Conclusions: Fast PS delivery with HVJ-E allows highly selective PDT with a short drug-light interval. Therefore, PDT using PE has a potential to shorten treatment period and reduce side effects of PDT.展开更多
基金supported by Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education“Research on the Translation,Sharing,and Evolution of Marxist Terminology in the Early Translation of the Communist Manifesto between China and Japan”(《共产党宣言》在中日两国早期译介过程中马克思主义术语的译出、共享与演变研究,20YJC740035).
文摘It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.
基金Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education “Research on the Translation, Sharing, and Evolution of Marxist Terminology in the Early Translation of the Communist Manifesto between China and Japan”
文摘It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.
文摘COMPATRIOTS in Hong Kong share a revolutionary tradition. Early in 1922 and 1925, the Seamen’s Strike and Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike were taking place in Hong Kong, shocking the country and the world. During the one-year-long Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike, many family members of workers also fought. Late in 1936, influenced by the upsurge of resistance against Japanese aggression in the country, people in Hong Kong rose up to help save the nation. Save-the-nation associations of women, students and literary and art circles went up one after another. When the news that
文摘SINCE its foundation, the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA) was productive, achieving much success and gaing public support."The students have been organized and shown the power of the collective. It is an ordinary thing on the Mainland, bu is a miracle in Hong Kong...," Shen Pao newspaper read. "The Hong Kong student movement seems promising for Hong Kong youth. The future is bright as the Chinese nation has such promising young people." In 1940, we ended the HKSA’s work. The female students’ work shifted to schools. Female student leaders went
文摘Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship and the traditional spirit of the Way of the Bodhisattva.In terms of individual life experience,it responds to the spirit of the times through the conscious and innovative use of Buddhist conceptions introduced in a modern manner;in terms of identifying a social role,its artistic practice consciously and actively answers the call of China’s wartime cultural strategy;and in terms of artistic production,it vigorously promotes modernization of expression and popular participation.These new elements and tendencies offer a perspective that cannot be overlooked if we are to gain an in-depth and comprehensive appreciation and evaluation of the role of wartime Buddhist literature in China’s national war of resistance.
文摘The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war
文摘Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand
文摘Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.
文摘Resistance prediction of ships using computational fluid dynamics has gained popularity over the years because of its high accuracy and low cost. This paper conducts numerical estimations of the ship resistance and motion of a Japan bulk carrier model using SHIP_Motion, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RaNS)-based solver, and HydroSTAR, a commercial potential flow (PF)-based solver. The RaNS solver uses an overset-structured mesh and discretizes the flow field using the finite volume method, while the PF-based solver applies the three-dimensional panel method. In the calm water test, the total drag coefficient, sinkage, and trim were predicted using the RaNS solver following mesh dependency analysis, and the results were compared with the available experimental data. Next, calm water resistance was investigated for a range of Froude numbers. The added resistance in short-wave cases was simulated using both RaNS and PF solvers, and the results were compared. The PF solver showed better agreement with the RaNS solver for predicting motion responses than for predicting added resistance. While the added resistance results could not be directly validated because of the absence of experimental data, considering the previous accuracy of the RaNS solver in added resistance prediction and general added resistance profile of similar hull forms (bulk carriers), the prediction results could be concluded to be reliable.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(No.25460532 and 26.04912)to Tadashi S.from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan
文摘PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seafood products in Japan.A total of 215 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from local and imported seafood samples collected from retail markets in Hiroshima Prefecture.Class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes encoding resistance to trimethoprim
文摘What is unique about the Battle of Imphal during the World War II is that it was the fiercest Battle of the war.Moreover,most inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent had never heard of Imphal,the capital of Manipur.Manipur is located in a North East pocket of the country sharing an international border with Myanmar,and at the time the battle occurred,the British ruling in India was extremely interested in Burma.In this Battle known as“Japan Lan”it was the Japanese Imperial Army that were the aggressors.When they came to Manipur,the Manipuris were surprised to see them-as they had probably never encountered any Japanese,because in physical appearance they resembled one another,and because they did not know the purpose of the Japanese entry into Manipur.This paper highlights why the people of Manipur had empathy for the aggressor,and the reaction of the indigenous communities to the Japanese invasion and the Battle of Imphal.
文摘Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.
文摘The Last Lawn of the Afternoon is one of Haruki Murakami’s most important early short stories.In this paper,I avoid conventional arguments,focusing my analysis on the encounter between the middle-aged woman and Boku,and the work’s historical backdrop and setting instead.This reveals how Boku’s personal experience speaks to the everyday lives of Japanese citizens at the mercy of circumstances in postwar Japan under American influence and international events.It appears that Murakami attempts to convert the personal minority“memories”,lurking in the everyday order of postwar Japan,into“novels”as open collaborative storiesin his early short stories.
基金Supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund,No. 10210061
文摘Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in East Asia. The overallseroprevalence rate of H. pylori infection is 44.2% in China, 37.6%-43.2% in Japan,and 51.0% in South Korea. H. pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastriccancer. East Asian countries have high rates of gastric cancer (age-standardizedincidence rate: 20-30 per 100000). The Kyoto global consensus report emphasizedthat H. pylori gastritis should be considered the main cause for the development ofgastric cancer. H. pylori treatment guidelines in China, Japan, and South Koreahave recently been revised according to data from each of those countries.However, emerging antibiotic resistance is an important barrier to H. pylorieradication. The recommended H. pylori treatment regimens differ among thosethree East Asian countries. In this review, recent guidelines and up-to-dateresearch on H. pylori treatment regimens from China, Japan, and South Korea arediscussed.
文摘From 1592 to 1945, Japan conducted a series of military incursions in East Asia, including the invasion of Korea of 1592-1598, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Japanese War of Aggression against China of the 1930s-1940s. The tone of this series of aggressive actions was set by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was continued in the Meiji Restoration and magnified in the Showa era, crystallizing into a pervading pattern of thought and action hiding behind the facts. Those post-World War II views that propose to cut the connections among these wars launched by Japan do not conform to the way Japanese said and behaved in the past but merely endorse some contemporary Japanese academic opinions. Therefore, exploring the facts and hidden logic linking these wars and restoring the original attributes of each regional war may be of benefit to fundamental studies and realistic concerns about Eastern Asian issues.
文摘Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a less invasive cancer treatment using photochemical reactions induced by light irradiation to a photosensitizer (PS). Highly selective PDT with fast accumulation of the PS in target site might be a promising treatment option for drug-resistant prostate cancer facing high incidence rate of elderly men who have no effective treatment options and require a minimally invasive treatment. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) allows selective and fast drug delivery to the drug-resistant prostate cancer cells via rapid cell membrane fusion. PS named porphyrus envelope (PE) has been developed by insertion of lipidated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX lipid) into HVJ-E. In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for PE preparation and laser irradiation for highly selective PDT using PE with a short drug-light interval. Materials and Methods: Human hormon refractory prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and human normal prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 were cultured. PpIX lipid uptake and cytotoxicity of PDT in the cells incubated with PE for 10 min were evaluated by measuring fluorescence intensity and by using a cell counting reagent 24 h after PDT, respectively. Results: PpIX lipid uptake and cytotoxicity of PDT were increased with PpIX lipid concentration. Cytotoxicity of PDT using PE was more than 9 times as strong as that with PpIX lipid and PpIX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Much stronger cytotoxicity was induced in PC-3 cells than PNT2 cells with the ratio of cell death rate for cancer to normal cells up to 4.64 ± 0.09. Conclusions: Fast PS delivery with HVJ-E allows highly selective PDT with a short drug-light interval. Therefore, PDT using PE has a potential to shorten treatment period and reduce side effects of PDT.
