Longitudinal investigation of mineral composition in human milk and its correlation with infant anthropometric outcomes among Tibetan mother-infant dyads during the first 6 months postpartum

Nutrients in human milk,including minerals,relate growth and development of breast-fed infants.Tibetan mother-infant dyads possess unique characteristics on early nutrition due to their featured long-lasting lifestyle.This study longitudinally investigated the relationship between the mineral composition in human milk and the Z-scores of infants among Tibetan mother-infant dyads during their first 6 months postpartum through a prospective cohort study.The results show that the minerals of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Cu,Zn,and Se were of higher levels in colostrum than other lactation stages.Several minerals were below the recommended values for infants according to Chinese dietary guidelines.Besides,a large proportion of infant Z-scores were below-2 as lactation period continued.Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that classifications and correlations in varying degrees were observed between minerals in human milk and infant Z-scores.These findings will be advantageous for research upon Chinese early nutrition and progress of tailor-made infant formula.

Dyads方法综合曲柄滑块机构

本文在用Dyads的方法综合平面铰链四连杆机构的基础上,提出了综合曲柄滑块机构的矢量方程.用这一方程可解决综合曲柄滑块机构实现刚体导向的问题.

Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Donor-acceptor Dyad and Donor-bridge-acceptor Triad

The ground and excited state properties of the [60]fullerene, diphenylbenzothiadiazole-triphenylamine （PBTDP-TPA） dyad and fullerene-diphenylbenzothiadiazole-triphenylamine （fullerene-PBTDP-TPA） triad were investigated theoretically using density functional theory with B3LYP functional and 3-21G basis set and time-dependent density functional theory with B3LYP functional and STO-3G basis set as well as 2D and 3D real space analysis methods. The 2D site representation reveals the electron-hole coherence on excitation. The 3D transition density shows the orientation and strength of the transition dipole moment, and the 3D charge difference density gives the orientation and result of the intramolecular charge transfer. Also photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer （ICT） in PBTDP-TPA-fullerene triad are identified with 2D and 3D representations, which reveals the mechanisms of ICT in donor-bridge-acceptor triad on excitation. Besides that we also found that the direct superexchange ICT from donor to acceptor （tunneling through the bridge） strongly promotes the ICT in the donor-bridge-acceptor triad.

GW/BSE Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Excited-State Relaxation Processes of Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyads:Roles of Bridging Chemical Bonds

In this work,we employ electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations based on many-body Green function and BetheSalpeter equation(GW/BSE)methods to study excited-state properties of a zinc phthalocyanine-fullerene(ZnPcC_(60))dyad with 6-6 and 5-6 configurations.In the former,the initially populated locally excited(LE)state of ZnPc is the lowest S1 state and thus,its subsequent charge separation is relatively slow.In contrast,in the latter,the S1 state is the LE state of C_(60)while the LE state of ZnPc is much higher in energy.There also exist several charge-transfer(CT)states between the LE states of ZnPc and C_(60).Thus,one can see apparent charge separation dynamics during excited-state relaxation dynamics from the LE state of ZnPc to that of C_(60).These points are verified in dynamics simulations.In the first 200 fs,there is a rapid excitation energy transfer from ZnPc to C_(60),followed by an ultrafast charge separation to form a CT intermediate state.This process is mainly driven by hole transfer from C_(60)to ZnPc.The present work demonstrates that different bonding patterns(i.e.5-6 and 6-6)of the C−N linker can be used to tune excited-state properties and thereto optoelectronic properties of covalently bonded ZnPc-C_(60)dyads.Methodologically,it is proven that combined GW/BSE nonadiabatic dynamics method is a practical and reliable tool for exploring photoinduced dynamics of nonperiodic dyads,organometallic molecules,quantum dots,nanoclusters,etc.

Dyad and Triad Census Analysis of Crisis Communication Network

Dyad and triad census summarize much of the network level structural information of a given directed network. They have been found very useful in analyzing structural properties of social networks. This study aims to explore crisis communication network by following dyad and triad census analysis approach to investigate the association of microlevel communication patterns with organizational crisis. This study further tests hypothesis related to the process of data generation and tendency of the structural pattern of transitivity using dyad and triad census output. The changing communication network at Enron Corporation during the period of its crisis is analyzed in this study. Significant differences in the presence of different isomorphism classes or microlevel patterns of both dyad and triad census are noticed in crisis and non-crisis period network of Enron email corpus. It is also noticed that crisis communication network shows more transitivity compared to the non-crisis communication network.

Synthesis of a Novel Copper Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyad

A new copper phthalocyanine-fullerene dyad (CuPc-C-60) was synthesized by Diels-Alder adduct of corresponding CuPc and C-60. The chemical structure of this compound was characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, UV-VIS and NMR.

Numerical Performance Assessment of a Flapping-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Chebyshev-Dyad Linkage

In order to harness wind energy with high coefficients, horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), like propeller-type wind turbines, have an advantage in terms of practical utilization because of their scale merit. However, large size and high tip-speed ratio are inherently related to material strength problems and low frequency noise emissions to the environment. In contrast to HAWT, we will discuss a flapping-type turbine driven at low speed. The flapping turbine works using lift force like the HAWT, but employs a new wind turbine concept in the present report. The concept involves the unique flapping motion of a wind blade mounted on a Chebyshev-dyad linkage by which the wing transforms wind energy into mechanical rotation. Both static and dynamic numerical estimates are developed to optimize all fundamental parameters of this linkage in order to obtain the desired torque. In this paper, the results of primitive optimization for determining the fundamental characteristics of motion and the trajectory of the wind turbine blade are demonstrated in order to obtain smooth rotation of the generator-driving shaft. It is also shown that the present turbine can be driven at low speed with a suitable energy conversion rate. Moreover, the practicality of operating slow flapping-type wind turbines is demonstrated, focusing on usage near residential areas or, e.g., on rooftops owing to lower noise. The feasibility of “figure eight” trajectory diversity is discussed along with geometrical parameters. Assuming one-blade motion with a variable trajectory for optimization, the smooth motion and required torque at slow rotation speeds are studied.

Fused-ring induced end-on orientation in conjugated molecular dyads toward efficient single-component organic solar cells

The molecular orientations of conjugated materials on the substrate mainly include edge-on,face-on,and end-on.Edge-on and face-on orientations have been widely observed,while end-on orientation has been rarely reported.Since in organic solar cells(OSCs)charge transport is along the vertical direction,end-on orientation with conjugated backbones perpendicular to the substrate is recognized as the ideal microstructure for OSCs.In this work,we for the first time obtained the preferential end-on orientation in a conjugated molecular dyad that contains a conjugated backbone as donor and perylene bisimide side units as acceptor.This was realized by introducing a fused-ring structure to replace linear terthiophenes with conjugated backbones,yielding F-MDPBI and L-MDPBI respectively.Surprisingly,a shifting trend of the molecular orientation from dominating edge-on in L-MDPBI to preferential end-on in F-MDPBI was observed.As a consequence,vertical charge carrier mobilities in F-MDPBI are one order of magnitude higher than those with preferential edge-on orientation,so single-component OSCs based on this molecular dyad as a single photoactive layer provided a power conversion efficiency of 4.89% compared to 1.70% based on L-MDPBI with preferential edge-on orientation.

Narrow bandgap molecular dyads incorporating Y-series acceptor backbones for efficient single-molecular organic solar cells

The performance of organic solar cells(OSCs)is mainly related to the bulk heterojunction(BHJ)microstructure of specific active layer systems,which is often in a metastable state.A promising strategy to address the abovementioned shortcomings of BHJs is to develop single-component active layer materials.Owing to the single-component small molecule materials with defined chemical structures generally exhibit poor absorption spectra,herein we first introduced narrow bandgap Y-series acceptors into the molecular skeleton of single-component materials,and designed two molecular dyads,SM-Et-1Y and SM-Et-2Y.The optical bandgaps(E_g~(opt)s)of the two dyads are 1.364 and 1.361 eV,respectively,which are much smaller than those of previously reported single-component molecules.Consequently,the SM-Et-2Y-based single-component OSCs(SCOSCs)showed a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.07%,superior to SM-Et-1Y(2.53%),which is one of the highest PCEs reported for SCOSCs to date.Moreover,both SM-Et-1Y-and SM-Et-2Y-based devices exhibited excellent photo-stability,retaining over 90%of their initial performance after 250 h of continuous illumination.Our results provide a deeper understanding of the molecular backbone and a guiding principle for the rational design or selection of non-fullerene single-component materials with suitable donor/acceptor ratios.

Can differences in the background characteristics of the chairperson-CEO vertical dyad reduce management agency costs?——A perspective Based on the internal configuration of the top management team

We test whether differences in the background characteristics of firms’chairperson and CEO can reduce management agency costs.We find that when the chairperson is older,has a higher level of education,and has more overseas experience than the CEO,the management agency costs will be lower.A series of robustness tests do not change our conclusions.In further analysis,we find that the negative relationship between the two is more significant for SOEs or firms experiencing fierce market competition.Finally,we also find that the chairman-CEO’s vertical dyad background characteristics differences can help to improve firm performance.Our study provides theoretical and practical implications for companies on how to best configure their top management team.

Synthesis and Properties of Symmetrical Aryl Linked BODIPY Dyads

Three novel symmetrical 4.4＇-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene（BODIPY） derivatives were synthesized via a general and efficient protocol. These BODIPY dyads bear a diverse aryl linker bridge in the middle and two BODIPY units at the termini. The photophysical properties of these dyads were investigated by ultravioletvisible（UV-Vis） absorption and emission spectroscopy. And their electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The absorption of these dyads showed slightly blue shift and the intramolecular charge transfer（ICT） state under,vent ultrafast direct surface crossing to the ground state with high degree of rotational freedom. The results will be useful for the further functionalization of these novel symmetrical BODIPY derivatives.

Structure dependence of intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer in 9-aminoacridine benzoyl esters dyads linked by a polyether chain

ELECTRON transfer plays a crucial role in energy transformation of natural biological systemssuch as the photosynthetic process by which plants convert solar energy into chemical energy.This is achieved in photosynthesis by a series of electron transfers which occur after light is ab-sorbed. Among the various factors which influence the efficiency of electron transfer struc-tural effect is one of the important features to be considered. In recent years, numerous syn-thetic model dyads in which electron donor and electron acceptor are covalently linked by dif-ferent spacers have been designed and synthesized in an effort to understand how the

Synthesis of Chlorin-enediyne Dyads by Palladium-catalyzed Coupling Reaction

Methyl 9 ethylenedioxpyropheophorbide d was prepared from methyl pyropheophorbide a by protection of cyclic ketone with ethylene glycol, and oxidation with OsO 4 in vinyl group at 2 position. The terminal alkyne was introduced into chlorin chromophore by Grignard reaction, and the enediyne moiety was constructed by a palladium catalyzed coupling reaction with (Z) chloroenynes.

Impact of Alkoxyl Tail of Fullerene Dyad Acceptor on Crystalline Microstructure for Efficient External Treatment-free Polymer Solar Cells with Poly（3-hexylthiophene） as Donor

A series oftri（alkoxyl）benzene-fullerene dyads（PCBB-Cn, n=4, 6, 8, 10, 12） with varied tri（alkoxyl） chain lengths was designed, synthesized and used as acceptor materials in polymer solar cells（PSCs）. The five fullerene dyads possess similar absorption spectra in dilute solution, decreased glass-transition temperature（Tg） and gradually elevated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） energy levels from -3.87 eV to -3.73 eV with the increase of the alkoxy chain length. In the fabrication of PSCs with poly（3-hexylthiophene）（P3HT） as donor and the fullerene dyads as acceptor, PCBB-Cn with longer tri（alkoxyl） chains and lower Tg can induce crystalline structure of P3HT during spin-coating the photoactive layer at room temperature and form nanoscale phase separated interpenetrating network of P3HT：PCBB-Cn blend films, which results in the improvement of photovoltaic performance of PSCs. A power conversion efficiency of 3.03% for the PSCs based on P3HT：PCBB-C10 was obtained without thermal annealing or solvent annealing. The thermal and solvent annealing-free fabrication using the fullerene dyads as acceptor is very important for the roll to roll production of PSCs with flexible large area.

Change in aggregation state of a porphyrin-perylene-diimide dyad induced by trifluoroacetic acid

The molecular aggregation state of a porphyrin-perylenediimide dyad can be changed by treating with trifluoroacetic acid. Transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that lamella micro- structures were formed when the dyad precipitated from neutral solvent, but spherical nano-particles were obtained when precipitating from acidic solution. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the la- mella microstructures and the nanoparticles were polycrystalline and amorphous solids, respectively. By using rational perylenediimide and porphyrin as reference compounds, careful analyses on the UV-visible spectra of the dyad and the references under different conditions were conducted and the results demonstrated that both the porphyrin and perylendiimide subunits of the dyad took J-aggregation in neutral solvent, but after being treated with trifluoroacetic acid and chloroform solu- tion, the perylenediimide subunit changed to an H-aggregation while the porphyrin subunits changed to a random packing mode.

二元疾病管理理论在慢性病护理二元组中的应用进展

介绍二元疾病管理理论的起源与核心要素,简述影响二元疾病管理的风险性因素和保护性因素,并从减少非一致性评价、促进疾病管理行为、优化身心健康状况三方面描述了该理论在慢性病护理二元组中的应用,同时分析了该理论在护理二元组中的应用挑战,旨在为我国开展该领域的相关研究提供参考。

慢性心力衰竭患者及照顾者二元自我管理研究进展

慢性心力衰竭是威胁全球人类健康的主要疾病之一,近年其患病率持续上升。自我管理是患者控制心力衰竭进展及维持健康的重要方法,照顾者在慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理中亦发挥着重要作用。文章从心衰患者-照顾者二元自我管理的影响因素、评价工具、干预措施三方面进行综述,旨在为我国从二元视角开展心力衰竭自我管理研究提供参考。

探讨乳腺癌术后患者-伴侣二元疾病不确定感护理干预对患者复发恐惧的作用

目的探讨乳腺癌术后患者-伴侣二元不确定感护理干预对患者疾病复发恐惧的作用。方法选择2022年8月至9月在宿迁市第一人民医院诊治的乳腺癌患者120例为研究对象,采用区组随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理随访干预,研究组在对照组的基础上进行二元不确定感干预。采用不确定感调查量表和疾病进展恐惧简明量表分别于干预前和干预1个月后测量患者的不确定感和疾病复发恐惧水平。结果乳腺癌术后患者干预前癌症复发恐惧(FCR)量表总分及各维度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后研究组FCR量表总分及各维度评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前两组乳腺癌术后患者的不确定感各维度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后研究组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者-伴侣二元不确定感干预可以有效降低乳腺癌术后患者的不确定感状况和疾病复发恐惧水平。

教师工作坊网络研修的“重要他人”研究——人类发展生态学的视角

随着信息技术的迅猛发展以及"国培计划"等政府项目的实践推动,教师工作坊网络研修成为当前我国中小学教师远程培训的一种创新模式。该文从人类发展生态学角度出发,将"重要他人"概念引入教师工作坊网络研修,并对其角色来源进行了分析,认为坊主、学伴、管理者等是学员"重要他人"的主要可能来源,他们对学员积极参与培训、保持研修动力、增强归属感,以及扩大研修影响力等有重要作用;在此基础上分析了学员与"重要他人"的人际关系类型和特征,阐述了教师工作坊网络研修中的三类关系(观察的双向关系、联动的双向关系和重要的双向关系)及其转化;最后,鉴于"重要他人"对学员参与教师工作坊研修和推进教师专业发展的重要意义,对培训机构提出了一些相应建议。

Cosserat生长弹性杆动力学的Gauss最小拘束原理

以自然界中具有生长、变形和运动特征的细长体为背景,用经典力学中的Gauss最小拘束原理研究生长弹性杆的动力学建模问题.在为生长弹性杆动力学建模提供新方法的同时,扩大了Gauss原理的应用范围.以Cosserat弹性杆为对象,分析弹性杆生长和变形的几何规则,表明生长应变和弹性应变是非线性耦合的;本构方程给出了截面的内力与弹性变形的线性关系;利用逆并矢,将经典力学中的Gauss原理和Gauss最小拘束原理用于生长弹性杆动力学,得到等价的两种表现形式,反映了时间和弧坐标在表述上的对称性,由此导出了封闭的动力学微分方程.给出了两种形式的最小拘束函数,表明生长弹性杆的实际运动使拘束函数取驻值,且为最小值.最后讨论了生长弹性杆的约束与条件极值等问题.