Consideration is given here to colour removal, carried out using immobilised biological cells, Shewanella strain J18 143. In order to provide greater control of an overall colour removal process and to give a basis fo...Consideration is given here to colour removal, carried out using immobilised biological cells, Shewanella strain J18 143. In order to provide greater control of an overall colour removal process and to give a basis for the effective recovery of the cell culture species, cell immobilisation has been established on chemically modified cellulose. The modification was achieved by chemically inducing the graft copolymerisation of methacrylic acid onto cotton fabric. The immobilised cells were able to decolorise the dye. The immobilisation methods, physical adsorption, “growing-in” and chemical coupling, were compared. Each of the methods was effective to some extent. However, the latter two immobilisation methods provided the greater effect in decoloration. Each of these immobilised systems is relatively simple to achieve, whether by adsorption, physical interlocking or covalent coupling. The graft copolymer is able to offer versatility in use. The decoloration was shown to be rapid under relatively simple processing conditions. Thus, compared with the established controls, complete decoloration of solutions of Remazol Black B was observed. The potential use of the graft copolymer substrate as support for a biochemical agent was confirmed.展开更多
After comparing the influences of each rare earth(Ⅲ),11 species of metal(Ⅱ)and 8 species of acidic triphenylmethane dye on the formation of coloured coordination compound in the system of Metal(Ⅱ)-RE (Ⅲ)-Dye,it wa...After comparing the influences of each rare earth(Ⅲ),11 species of metal(Ⅱ)and 8 species of acidic triphenylmethane dye on the formation of coloured coordination compound in the system of Metal(Ⅱ)-RE (Ⅲ)-Dye,it was proven that the co-colouration effect can be caused only by the xanthene dyes(XD)con- taining substituting hydroxy.group on the ortho-position of etheric oxygen group.Besides,the radius of met- al(Ⅱ)must not be smaller than a definite limit;otherwise,no co-colouration appears.Furthermore,the acid- ity of medium is another important factor to affect co-colouration,Bromopyrogallol red causes co-colouration of Pb(Ⅱ)-RE(Ⅲ)only,owing to its higher chromophoric acidity;while alizarin violet causes co-colouration of M(Ⅱ)-RE(Ⅲ)(M=Pb,Ca,Sr and Ba),due to its lower chromophoric acidity.The condi- tions causing co-colouration,the regularities of co-colouration and the influences of co-colouration in photometric determination of metals were discussed.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> Ozone plasma treatment is accessible to be applied on shading adjustment and colour fading because of the capacity of ozone production. It is a green process that trea...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Ozone plasma treatment is accessible to be applied on shading adjustment and colour fading because of the capacity of ozone production. It is a green process that treats dyed cotton fabric under dry condition so as to avoid chemical pollutants. This study means to explore colour reflectance of decolourized sulfur dyed cotton texture using ozone plasma treatment. Sulfur dyed cotton textures with various colour depths (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%) were set up to be treated different plasma parameters, including ozone air concentrations (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%), water contents in terms of weight percentage (35%, 45%) of fabric and ozone air plasma treatment periods (10 mins, 20 mins, 30 mins). The colour fading result is assessed by the colour reflectance in percentage (R%) utilizing spectrophotometer under CIE standard illuminant D65. The valid colour fading based on high percentage of reflectance was demonstrated from plasma treatment under higher ozone air concentration (50% and 70% ozone in air) and longer time length of plasma treatment (20 mins and 30 mins). The level of water content contained in the cotton fabrics is appeared to have noteworthy relationship with the degree of decolourization. </div>展开更多
Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of th...Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R2 of 0.993.展开更多
This paper employs computer colour generation,and match prediction systems and aims tofind the most critical change of dye concentration corresponding to changes of Hue,or Chroma,orLightness of 1 unit just visible col...This paper employs computer colour generation,and match prediction systems and aims tofind the most critical change of dye concentration corresponding to changes of Hue,or Chroma,orLightness of 1 unit just visible colour difference,thus investigating the required accuracy level fordyeing dispensing.This leads to the selection of one critical colour-difference dimension of threefrom CMC (1:c) measurement.The results reveal that the concentration change in dye dispensing ismost critical for change of Hue in a computer controlled system.The formula describing the rela-tionship Of △E and △H in CMC (2:1) measurement is selected for further investigation.展开更多
In this study, aqueous extraction method is used because of its high extraction ratio, light fastness and also functional properties. In 1st phase, for dyeing S/J cotton knit fabric with green walnut power ferrous sul...In this study, aqueous extraction method is used because of its high extraction ratio, light fastness and also functional properties. In 1st phase, for dyeing S/J cotton knit fabric with green walnut power ferrous sulfate is considered as a mordant. In this study, three different mordanting methods such as pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting are conveyed the dyeing process with the state of metallic mordant and without metallic salt mordants. In 2nd phase, in dyeing for fixation ferrous sulfate was considered as mordants. Furthermore, the analysis and evaluation of each colour dyed material was done through following two terms for instance CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values. According to AATCC test methods, colour fastness to washing, crocking, perspiration of the dyed samples is determined whereas according to the ISO standard, the colour fastness to light was estimated and tested. When dyeing was carried out on S/J cotton knit fabric through considering optimum parameter like at 80°C for 60 min and at pH 4 which showed optimum results. From the results we can see, very good wash fastness was obtained while there is no fading of the colour, whereas the outstanding and moderate level of colour fastness to light and crocking is achieved.展开更多
文摘Consideration is given here to colour removal, carried out using immobilised biological cells, Shewanella strain J18 143. In order to provide greater control of an overall colour removal process and to give a basis for the effective recovery of the cell culture species, cell immobilisation has been established on chemically modified cellulose. The modification was achieved by chemically inducing the graft copolymerisation of methacrylic acid onto cotton fabric. The immobilised cells were able to decolorise the dye. The immobilisation methods, physical adsorption, “growing-in” and chemical coupling, were compared. Each of the methods was effective to some extent. However, the latter two immobilisation methods provided the greater effect in decoloration. Each of these immobilised systems is relatively simple to achieve, whether by adsorption, physical interlocking or covalent coupling. The graft copolymer is able to offer versatility in use. The decoloration was shown to be rapid under relatively simple processing conditions. Thus, compared with the established controls, complete decoloration of solutions of Remazol Black B was observed. The potential use of the graft copolymer substrate as support for a biochemical agent was confirmed.
文摘After comparing the influences of each rare earth(Ⅲ),11 species of metal(Ⅱ)and 8 species of acidic triphenylmethane dye on the formation of coloured coordination compound in the system of Metal(Ⅱ)-RE (Ⅲ)-Dye,it was proven that the co-colouration effect can be caused only by the xanthene dyes(XD)con- taining substituting hydroxy.group on the ortho-position of etheric oxygen group.Besides,the radius of met- al(Ⅱ)must not be smaller than a definite limit;otherwise,no co-colouration appears.Furthermore,the acid- ity of medium is another important factor to affect co-colouration,Bromopyrogallol red causes co-colouration of Pb(Ⅱ)-RE(Ⅲ)only,owing to its higher chromophoric acidity;while alizarin violet causes co-colouration of M(Ⅱ)-RE(Ⅲ)(M=Pb,Ca,Sr and Ba),due to its lower chromophoric acidity.The condi- tions causing co-colouration,the regularities of co-colouration and the influences of co-colouration in photometric determination of metals were discussed.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Ozone plasma treatment is accessible to be applied on shading adjustment and colour fading because of the capacity of ozone production. It is a green process that treats dyed cotton fabric under dry condition so as to avoid chemical pollutants. This study means to explore colour reflectance of decolourized sulfur dyed cotton texture using ozone plasma treatment. Sulfur dyed cotton textures with various colour depths (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%) were set up to be treated different plasma parameters, including ozone air concentrations (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%), water contents in terms of weight percentage (35%, 45%) of fabric and ozone air plasma treatment periods (10 mins, 20 mins, 30 mins). The colour fading result is assessed by the colour reflectance in percentage (R%) utilizing spectrophotometer under CIE standard illuminant D65. The valid colour fading based on high percentage of reflectance was demonstrated from plasma treatment under higher ozone air concentration (50% and 70% ozone in air) and longer time length of plasma treatment (20 mins and 30 mins). The level of water content contained in the cotton fabrics is appeared to have noteworthy relationship with the degree of decolourization. </div>
文摘Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R2 of 0.993.
文摘This paper employs computer colour generation,and match prediction systems and aims tofind the most critical change of dye concentration corresponding to changes of Hue,or Chroma,orLightness of 1 unit just visible colour difference,thus investigating the required accuracy level fordyeing dispensing.This leads to the selection of one critical colour-difference dimension of threefrom CMC (1:c) measurement.The results reveal that the concentration change in dye dispensing ismost critical for change of Hue in a computer controlled system.The formula describing the rela-tionship Of △E and △H in CMC (2:1) measurement is selected for further investigation.
文摘In this study, aqueous extraction method is used because of its high extraction ratio, light fastness and also functional properties. In 1st phase, for dyeing S/J cotton knit fabric with green walnut power ferrous sulfate is considered as a mordant. In this study, three different mordanting methods such as pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting are conveyed the dyeing process with the state of metallic mordant and without metallic salt mordants. In 2nd phase, in dyeing for fixation ferrous sulfate was considered as mordants. Furthermore, the analysis and evaluation of each colour dyed material was done through following two terms for instance CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values. According to AATCC test methods, colour fastness to washing, crocking, perspiration of the dyed samples is determined whereas according to the ISO standard, the colour fastness to light was estimated and tested. When dyeing was carried out on S/J cotton knit fabric through considering optimum parameter like at 80°C for 60 min and at pH 4 which showed optimum results. From the results we can see, very good wash fastness was obtained while there is no fading of the colour, whereas the outstanding and moderate level of colour fastness to light and crocking is achieved.
