Determination of Constituents in Hair Dyes by Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of 1,4-phenylenediamine, 4-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 1,3-benzendiol and 2,6-phenylenediamine in hair dyes was developed. The separation was carried out on a mu-Bondapak C-18 column with methanol-water containing 0.1% triethylamine and 0.02 mol/L NH4Ac (pH=5.20) (10:90. vol./vol.) as the mobile phase. Two real samples were analyzed.

Protective effects of Ecklonia cava extract on the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by hair dye in in-vitro and in-vivo models

Oxidative hair dyes containingρ-phenylenediamine(PPD)are reported to induce an allergic reaction by promoting oxidative stress when absorbed through the skin.Despite the associated risk,these hair dyes remain popular owing to their convenience and sharpness of color.This makes it important to minimize the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Ecklonia cava extract has been evaluated in different studies for its protective effects against external stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.Our study was aimed at using in-vitro and in-vivo models to investigate the extract’s effects on cytotoxicity of and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Analysis of CIEL*a*b*Color space was first used to determine the range of E.cava extract that would not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye upon addition.Subsequently,the set ranges of E.cava extract(5% and 7%)were added to the hair dye and their toxicity assessed by evaluating the viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes.The effects on developmental phenotypes and induction of oxidative stress by hair dye were evaluated and compared with those of hair dyes containing different contents of E.cava extract using an in-vivo zebrafish model.Our results showed that E.cava extract in hair dye could significantly decrease the cytotoxicity and levels of oxidative stress caused by hair dyes containing PPD in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.These results suggest that the addition of 7% E.cava extract to 250μg/mL hair dye does not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye while showing significant protective eff ects against the hair dye.The study proposes that the use of E.cava extract as an adduct to hair dyes containing PPD reduces the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by these hair dyes.

The Relationships between Dyeing Methods and Dyeability in Hair Colouring by Utilising Enzymatic Oxidation of (+)-Catechin

The enzymatic oxidation of (+)-catechin (Cat) with copper-containing oxidase, tyrosinase, was applied to hair colouring in the study. The Cat is oxidised to be o-benzoquinone form, the catechinone, which works as the hair dyestuff. Four kinds of hair colouring techniques using Cat were examined and each of their dyeability was compared in order to improve it. The first dyeing method is dyeing hair by the redissolved catechinone, which is preliminarily obtained by the oxidation of Cat (Redissolution Dyeing Method). The second one is dyeing hair in the dye solution just after the dye being formed by the enzymatic reaction (Sequential Dyeing Method). The third one is dyeing hair in solution containing Cat and the dyeing process is accompanied by the oxidation of Cat (Simultaneous Oxidation Dyeing Method). The fourth one is two-step dyeing that the hair immersed in Cat solution at the first step and then it is oxidised enzymatically to colour at the second step (Post-Oxidation Dyeing Method). The hair is dyed pale yellow by Redissolution Method, deeper yellowish brown by Sequential and Simultaneous Oxidation Dyeing Method and slightly reddish brown by Post-Oxidation Method with Cat. The order of their dyeability is the Simultaneous Oxidation ≈ Post-Oxidation > Sequential > Redissolution Dyeing Method at 30°C. The dyeability of Redissolution Method increases with an increase in dyeing temperature (T) between 20°C - 60°C. In Simultaneous Oxidation Method, the T increment also provides higher dyeability, and the colour of dyed hair becomes duller over 50°C. The Post-Oxidation Method shows higher dyeability at the lower oxidation temperature (20 °C - 40°C).

Orthogonal Experiment Design to Optimize the Pet Dog Dyeing Condition of Musa basjoo Siebold(MBS) & Lithospermum erythrorhizon(LE) Mixed Hair Dye

[Objectives] To optimize the pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye. [Methods]Three factors affecting dyeing were selected including pH,concentration of dye and dyeing time. The L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to evaluate the hair coloring effect and the absorbance of cleaning solution after hair was dyed. [Results] The optimum pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye was dye concentration of50 mg/mL,dye pH of 7. 5 and dyeing time of 1 h. [Conclusions] The coloring and fixing effects of the dye and dyeing process are good,which can lay a foundation for the development and utilization of plant dyes.

Relationships between Species of Dyestuff Precursor and Dyeability in Hair Colouring Made by Enzymatic Oxidation Technique Using Bio-Catechols

In the study, hair colouring by utilising enzymatic oxidation of nine species of bio-catechols, which are biobased materials having the catechol (o-dihydroxybenzene) group, was examined. The bio-catechols used are (+)-catechin (Cat), (-)-epicatechin (EC), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), hematoxylin (HX), brazilin (BZ), rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) or ellagic acid (EA). The dyeability of human white hair samples dyed by two kinds of dyeing methods using the bio-catechols was compared. First one is dyeing hair during the enzymatic oxidation of a bio-catechol dye precursor in a dye solution (simultaneous oxidation dyeing method). Second one is dyeing hair by oxidising enzymatically the precursor on hair, which is pre-treated with a bio-catechol solution (post-oxidation dyeing method). The results show that the bio-catechols except EA are oxidised to give colourants and Cat, EC, DOPA, HX and BZ are available for hair dyeing. Overall, the dyeability of simultaneous oxidation dyeing method is higher than that of post-oxidation one. The colour of the hair dyed by simultaneous method is yellowish brown for Cat or EC, grey for DOPA, dark yellowish brown for HX or reddish brown for BZ, respectively. The most vivid or deepest colour of dyed hair is obtained by dyeing with Cat or HX, respectively, in the simultaneous technique. It was found that the bio-catechols having chroman (3, 4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran) structure in the molecule such as Cat, EC, HX and BZ are useful for hair colouring.

Thrombocytopenia, an Overlooked Hematological Derangement in Hair Dye Poisoning

Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological disorder characterized by abnormally low number of platelets in circulating blood from multiple causes. The fundamental mechanisms involved are: ineffective production of platelets by the bone marrow, accerlated destruction of platelets or platelet splenic sequestration. Hair dye, containing Paraphenyllinediamaine has been linked to allergic reaction, nephrotoxicity, mutagenicity and hematological derangements as anemia. A female showed a clinical spectrum of decreasing platelet count along with anemia due to oral ingestion of hair dye. It is important to consider thrombocytopenia in management plan as it may impact the clinical outcome.

Different Analytical Methods of Para-Phenylenediamine Based Hair Dye

Many cases of toxicity and mortality either due to accidental or deliberate ingestion of hair dyes were reported in Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, India and Tunisia. In the field of forensic analytical toxicology, the identification and quantification of chemicals are essential in deaths related to intoxication. The aim of the present study is to conduct chemico-analytical characterization of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) based hair dye of (Black stone hair dye, SHD) currently used for dying hear in Egypt, to confirm the identification of its components, that may be potentially toxic on oral or dermal exposure, this study uses comparison between different analytical methods. The applied analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma/MS (ICP/MS), witch used to determine the metal components of the dye, high performance liquid chromatography/MS (HPLC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PPD in the dye. A derivatization method was applied by transforming PPD (aromatic amines) into corresponding imine derivatives. This compound was prepared by condensation of 4-methylbenzeneamine with benzaldehyed to give N-benzylidene-4-methylbenzene-amine, which is a very stable internal standard. ICP/MS analysis revealed that most metal components of hair dye are Be, Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zr, where HPLC/MS analysis revealed that PPD is the main ingredient of SHD. Derivatization is necessary for accurate determination of PPD in hair dye by GC/MS method and this results could not be obtained by direct injection of dye (without derivatization).

Hair Dyeing by Using Catechinone Obtained from (+)-Catechin

A novel colourant for hair dyeing was prepared by an enzymatic reaction with (+)-catechin and its characteristics as a hair dyestuff were studied. The study is aimed at inventing the hair dyestuff that is human- and eco-friendly. One potentially powerful dyestuff was obtained from (+)-catechin treated with tyrosinase after screening experiments using biobased materials. The obtained reddish orange colourant, 4-(3,4-dihydro-3α,5,7-trihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2α-yl) 1,2-benzoquinone named “catechinone”, shows enough dyeability for decolourised white hair. Catechinone does not cause erythema or oedema on skin of rabbits. The colour is controlled by the addition of other biobased materials and a variety of colours of dyed hair are acquired. The fastness to light or washing for hair dyed by catechinone is high enough for practical use.

Analysis on Results of Test and Supervision for Oxidative Hair Dyes Samples in Yangzhou from 2013 to 2018

According to Hygienic Standard for Cosmetics (2007 Edition) and Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition), Oxidative Hair Dyes were supervised and inspected in Yangzhou from 2013 to 2018. P-Phenylenediamine and other 6 kinds of components from 85 batches of samples were determined and analyzed by HPLC. Only one batch of samples had not passed test, o-Phenylenediamine was detected that should be prohibited in hair dyes. The results of supervision and inspection for oxidative hair dyes were good in Yangzhou from 2013 to 2018.

植物染发剂染色色牢度的研究

植物染发剂是近年来备受关注和追捧的一种染发方式,具有无刺激性、无毒副作用、可以调整染发色度和亮度等特点,越来越多的消费者选择使用植物染发剂染发。文章介绍了从颜色效果、染色牢度以及水质影响3个方面对海娜、靛蓝、木棉花、核桃叶4种植物染发剂进行的对比实验,实验采用完全随机设计方法,将植物染发剂随机分配给不同的实验组和对照组,设置不同的染发剂浓度和染发时间,以探究它们对染发效果和色牢度的影响。实验数据使用SPSS软件分析,并使用综合评价法对数据进行综合评估。评估得出,染发剂的染发效果和色牢度是一对矛盾体,选择染发剂时需考虑染发效果和色牢度之间的平衡,同时,水质也对染发效果和色牢度有重要影响。

植物多酚对核桃青皮色素染发性能的影响

核桃青皮色素作为一种天然植物染料,着色力差,应用受限。本文选用六种天然植物多酚(没食子酸、单宁酸、阿魏酸、绿原酸、鞣花酸和儿茶素),研究其对核桃青皮色素染发性能的影响。在此基础上,以核桃青皮色素主要呈色物质胡桃醌为研究对象,探究有助染性的多酚与胡桃醌协同染发时的动力学模型,并通过分子对接技术阐明胡桃醌、多酚和人发角蛋白三者间的相互作用。结果表明:没食子酸、单宁酸、阿魏酸和绿原酸对核桃青皮色素染发有助染性,并能提高染发色牢度,且不会对头发毛鳞片结构造成破坏;与核桃青皮色素单独染发相比,四种多酚协同核桃青皮色素染发后,头发的抗紫外线性能和断裂强度有所下降,但仍高于未染头发。胡桃醌在头发上的吸附过程不符合动力学模型,加入没食子酸、单宁酸和阿魏酸后符合准二级动力学模型。此外,绿原酸加入后使分子间结合能力增强,单宁酸加入后分子间结合能力变弱,没食子酸、阿魏酸和绿原酸的加入增加了分子间氢键总数。该研究可为天然核桃青皮染发剂的开发提供理论参考。

高压脉冲电场对毛发染色效果的影响

为了研究高压脉冲电场对毛发染色效果的影响,试验以18~28岁年龄段人群的黑色头发和染发剂为试材,以染发后毛发的RGB(red green blue)模型提取值作为响应值,并采用等响应面试验法设计试验,以构建和分析高压脉冲电场的电场强度、脉冲宽度以及脉冲个数对毛发染色效果影响的数学模型和机理。试验结果表明:高压脉冲电场同时处理头发和染发剂后最高可提升RGB参数中的蓝色通道值B为3.7%,对应的最优化工艺化参数为:电场强度1125 V/mm、脉冲宽度175μs、脉冲个数52个。因此,高压脉冲电场对头发和染发剂进行处理后再进行染色可改善着色效果,并为毛发染色工艺优化奠定一定基础。

2019—2022年广州产染发类化妆品国家监督抽检结果分析

本研究对2019—2022年国家药品监督管理局组织抽检,按照《化妆品安全技术规范(2015年版)》中相应方法检验,对不合格化妆品抽检结果通告的数据从来源省份、类别及不合格染发类化妆品抽样场所、颜色类型、不合格原因、不合格成分等方面进行梳理,应用Microsoft Office Excel进行多维度数据分析,并提出相应监管建议,为广州产染发类化妆品的市场监管积累数据,提供技术支撑。

新型3D色谱固定相结合气相色谱-质谱法测定染发剂中多种限用和禁用成分

染发剂(hair dyes,HDs)主要成分为多种苯系物、胺类和酚类化合物,具有致敏性、致畸变性和致癌性等危害,近年来受到广泛关注。目前传统的分析检测方法和商品化色谱柱大多存在定性难度大或定量不准确等问题,亟需开发分析检测新技术和新型固定相。同时,染发剂成分复杂、基质干扰较大,需要合适的样品前处理方法。本研究基于3D非极性刚性结构单元三蝶烯(TP),结合极性柔性链聚乙二醇(PEG),设计、合成了蝶烯衍生物TP-PEG,作为色谱柱固定相。采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)定量分析了22种染发剂成分,并对4种实际样品进行了检测分析。该固定相由非极性3D刚性结构和柔性链状极性结构两部分构成,具有“刚柔并济”的结构特点,扩大了对非极性和极性分析物的选择范围。实验结果表明,不同极性的分析物在该固定相上均展现了尖锐、对称的峰形,且22种分析物在该色谱柱上都达到了基线分离,为染发剂各成分的检测分析提供了保障。结果表明,22种染发剂成分在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均≥0.9985。各染发剂成分在3个添加水平下的平均回收率为89.2%~103.2%,RSD均小于5%。与传统方法相比,该方法效率高,准确性好,验证了新型固定相优异的分离性能以及建立的GC-MS检测方法的有效性。

高效液相色谱法用于氧化型染发产品中42种限用染发剂的筛查和定量分析

建立了一种利用高效液相色谱筛查和定量分析氧化型染发产品中42种限用染发剂的方法。染发产品经亚硫酸氢钠水溶液-乙醇超声提取后,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相,在TechMate AQUA-STIII色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱和分离,选择235和280 nm作为检测波长,对42种染发剂进行一次性定性筛查,同时实现其中35种染发剂的定量分析,当筛查结果表明产品中含有2,6-二甲氧基-3,5-吡啶二胺盐酸盐、2-甲基-5-羟乙氨基苯酚等7种染发剂时,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相,在Waters Symmetry C_(18)色谱柱上进行等度洗脱,选择235 nm作为检测波长进行定量分析。结果表明:42种染发剂的方法检出限为10~101μg/g,定量限为33~337μg/g。在相应的线性范围内,42种染发剂色谱峰面积与质量浓度线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9998。在4个不同含量水平下,各目标化合物的平均回收率在81.3%~119.6%之间,RSD不大于5%。

浅析染发剂对软包胶粘剂的腐蚀影响

本文以典型日化品-染发剂作为研究内容物,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)等仪器手段,系统地研究了其组成、迁移物质成分及其对软包胶粘剂的腐蚀及作用机理。

氧化型染发剂中对苯二胺等32种染料检测结果分析

根据《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)以及国家药监局2021年第17号通告中对苯二胺等32种组分的测定方法,对湖南地区7个市抽样的31批次染发剂类化妆品进行检测,分析其中染料种类和含量。31批氧化型染发剂中共检出16种染料,其中间苯二酚、间氨基苯酚、对苯二胺3种染料的使用频率较高。染料的实际使用与标签标识和批件配方不一致的现象较严重,不合格率为41.9%。建议加强对染发剂类化妆品的监督管理。

脉冲染料激光治疗婴儿头皮血管瘤影响毛发生长的研究

目的探讨应用脉冲染料激光(PDL)治疗婴儿头皮血管瘤(IH)影响毛发生长的危险因素。方法通过回顾性研究38例接受PDL治疗并痊愈的头皮浅表血管瘤患儿,电话随访治疗结束以后至少2年的头发生长情况。结果随访时29例患儿头发生长基本恢复正常,6例患儿头发生长稀少,3例患儿头发完全缺失。瘤体面积≥1cm^(2),PDL治疗次数>7次,平均治疗能量≥10J/cm^(2)是影响毛发生长的主要风险因素(P<0.05)。结论对于头皮浅表血管瘤患儿,当瘤体面积≥1cm^(2)、瘤体厚度增加时,建议采用PDL与其他方法联合治疗,可以减少激光治疗次数与治疗能量,以避免激光治疗引起脱发的风险。

422份网售染发类化妆品不良反应报告回顾性分析

染发类化妆品是一类具有改变头发颜色作用的特殊化妆品,使用后可能引起不良反应。本文汇总了422份福建省上报的网售染发类化妆品不良反应报告,分析了不良反应报告总体趋势、报告来源、患者人口学信息、发生间隔、不良反应表现、初步判断等情况,并提出了针对消费者、化妆品经营者、化妆品注册人、不良反应监测机构以及监管部门的建议,以期为提升染发类化妆品不良反应监测提供参考。

105批市售染发类化妆品的质量分析

目的:对市售染发类化妆品进行质量分析。方法:按《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)第四章7.2对苯二胺等32种组分对所有批次产品进行检测及分析;建立7种染发剂组分的高效液相色谱法及质谱验证方法,对样品进行检测;按1.6锂等37种元素对所有批次产品汞、铅、砷、镉进行检测。结果:2022年抽检不合格率为44.1%,2023年为12.7%,主要问题为与注册资料载明的技术要求不一致。7种组分的高效液相色谱定量检测方法准确,快速,质谱验证方法准确,可靠。结论:市售染发类产品不合格率有下降趋势,但是仍有部分厂家不按注册配方生产,仍需加强监管。检测标准覆盖的组分不全,新建方法可行,能够为监管提供一定的技术支持。