Study on Dyeing Performance of Cationic Water-soluble Sulphur Black on Silk

A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastness on silk.

Characterization of recuperating talent of white-rot fungi cells to dye-contaminated soil/water

This study was purposed to explore the decolorization of dyes by fungi on either a soil or in a liquid medium and to determine the application through batch shaking system. Two commercial dyes were decolorized and studied with four fungal strains in three media. Fungal growth is the best in malt extract/glucose medium for all organisms. Decolorization of reactive blue 220 and methyl red was investigated in soil medium by Trametes versicolor. These dyes were removed 91% and 80% for methyl red and reactive blue 220 respectively(dye concentration; 100 mg·L^(-1)) by both organisms. Enzymatic activities were monitored. Laccase(Lac) and manganese peroxidase(Mn P) were detected. MnP enzyme had important role for the dye decolorization. This study demonstrates that it is possible to decolorize some synthetic dyes, which would be highly advanced for dye containing wastewater and soil. These applications could be used for dye bioremediation.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO_3

Perovskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method in granula of 20～30 nm. Using a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3. The results show that the perovskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity. With the study of X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is mainly related with the factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ , Co O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.

New strategy to incorporate nano-particle sized water oxidation catalyst into dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting

In order to develop a new strategy to deposit nano-particle sized water oxidation catalyst based on earth abundant element to the photoanode in a photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting, Co;O;as water oxidation catalyst was prepared and subsequently modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The amino functionalized Co;O;catalyst was carefully characterized and then integrated to the ruthenium dye sensitized photoelectrode through fast Schiff base reaction. Cyclic voltammetry experiments in the dark confirmed that the modified Co;O;catalyst was still active toward water oxidation, which could be initiated by oxidation of the ruthenium photosensitizer. Under visible light irradiation, incorporation of the modified Co;O;catalyst resulted in dramatic enhancement of the transient photocurrent density for the photoanode, which was 8 times higher than that of without Co;O;catalyst.

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection in a chemical factory

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection was developed. It is based on the enhanced evaporation by using solar, wind and air temperature energy and additional heat-electric energy. It consists of four parts: (1) evaporation carrier system (evaporation carrier and frame for evaporation carrier) for polluted water; (2)polluted water circulating system (pumping-spraying-collecting); (3)heating system; (4)workshop with polluted water reservoir-tanks and rainfall prevention roof. The polluted water was (heated in case necessary) sprayed to the evaporation carrier system and the water was evaporated when it moved in the space and downward along the carrier mainly by using natural (solar, wind and air temperature energy). In case, when there is no roof for the carrier system, the polluted water can be stored in the reservoirs (storage volume for about 20 days). The first 10-25 mm rainfall also need to be stored in the reservoirs to meet the state standard or discharging wastewater. The dye may be collected at the surface in the reservoir-tanks and the crystallized salt may be collected at the bottom plate. The black-color wastewater released by the factory is no more discharged to the surface water system of Taihu Lake Basin. About 2 kg dye and 200 kg industrial salt may be collected from each tone of the polluted water. The non-pollution production of dye may be realized by using this technology with environmental, economical and social benefits.

Experimental Study of Wastewater Treatment of Reactive Dye by Phys-Chemistry Method

Wastewater, which involves easy-soluble reactive dyes, especially non-degradable dyes, is very difficult to decolor efficiently by normal processes such as coagulation process and biological treatment. The high chromaticity se- riously hinders the reuse of reactive dye waste water. In this paper, a new method by bentonite adsorption and coagulation (PAC) is employed for removing color from synthetic dye waste water which contains reactive red K-2G, K-RN blue, K-GR blue, X-3B red, K-GN orange, KB-3G yellow, K-2BP red, K-RN yellow and K-6G yellow. Bentonite pre- treated by 4% CTMAB and milled to 160 order screen is proven to the best decoloring agent. For a 100 mL reactive red K-2G sample (CODcr 400 mg/L, 25 000 chromaticity color), 0.5 g bentonite pretreated and 2.5 mL PAC is enough to decolor wastewater up to 99.92% and the sediment time is short. Non-degradable dyes such as active red X-3B and K-GN orange are declored completely as well. Raw sewage (low chromaticity color) is decolored completely at a ben-tonite dosage of 0.001g. More researches prove the high practical value of this process.

Extraction and Application of Natural Mordant Dyes from Eichhornia Crassipes(Water Hyacinth)

Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. In this paper,WH was selected as the source of natural mordant dyes,and extracted by absolute ethyl alcohol using a soxhlet apparatus. The colorants in WH were extracted and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography( TLC). UV-visible spectrophotometer( UV-VIS),mass spectrometry, chemical identification with chromogenic reaction,and Fourier transform infrared spetroscopy( FTIR) were used to identify the main components of each pigment band. The total metal contents before and after extracting of the WH were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission detector. The WH extracts were then used to dye wool fabric. The dyeing properties of WH extracts with and without metal mordant were investigated and compared. The results show that the main components of WH extracts are pheophytin and phyllins. The major metallic elements identified in WH are magnesium, manganese,zinc,and iron. Samples dyed with WH extracts without metal mordant exhibits high K / S values and good dyeing properties. This study indicates that the WH extracts can be used as a natural mordant dye on wool fabrics directly.

Design and Operation of the Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Project by Combination of Coagulation Sedimentation - Hydrolytic Acidification with Aeration Tank - Biological Aerated Filter - Active Sand Filter

In order to protect quality of Baiyangdian surface water and Gaoyang groundwater,the project is applied to process printing and dyeing wastewater that contains complicated compositions,high concentrations of organics and SS,and lots of pollutants difficult to degrade by microorganism. The process and operating parameters of project are optimized and debugged,and its economic and environmental benefits are analyzed.The results show that the process of coagulation sedimentation-hydrolytic acidification with aeration tank-biological aerated filter-active sand filter is applied in Gaoyang Sewage Treatment Plant. The design scale of sewage treatment plant is 120000 m^3/d. The influent is as following: COD is 669mg/L; SS is 424mg/L; NH_3-N is 8.83mg/L; TP is 6.03mg/L. After the process,the best removal rates of COD,SS,NH_3-N and TP are 93. 5%,98. 8%,97. 1% and 96. 2%,respectively. The various indexes of effluent water complied with standard A of the first order in Pollutants Emission Standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant( GB 18918-2002). The processing cost is only 0. 807 yuan/m^3. As a result,the project construction and operation not only improve the environment,but also promote regional economic development. Process design and operating parameters provide an important reference value for the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment industry.

静电纺壳聚糖基纳米纤维的制备及其在水处理中应用研究进展

为提高壳聚糖的可纺性,改善壳聚糖基纳米纤维的物理形态和力学性能,对国内外利用静电纺丝技术制备壳聚糖基纳米纤维的相关研究进行了综述。介绍了壳聚糖静电纺丝液的配制要求以及不同纺丝参数对纤维形态的影响;在此基础上,详细综述了壳聚糖化学改性纳米纤维和壳聚糖共混改性纳米纤维的研究进展;最后,对应用壳聚糖基纳米纤维处理废水中重金属离子、染料和其它污染物的研究现状进行总结。研究发现:不同纺丝参数最终均是通过影响射流拉伸的难易程度来改变纤维形态,且通过化学改性和共混改性的方法不仅可提高壳聚糖的可纺性,还可增强壳聚糖基纳米纤维的耐酸性、热稳定性、抗菌性和吸附性;同时指出探寻新的溶剂、共混剂和功能材料以及与选择性分离技术结合来增强对水中污染物的吸附能力是壳聚糖基纳米纤维的未来发展趋势。

农田裂隙优先流对灌水模式/初始墒情响应机制及其模拟研究

农田灌溉管理过程中优先流降低水肥利用效率,加剧地下水污染风险。基于碘化钾-淀粉染色示踪试验,分析了地面灌DM、微喷灌WP1(20 mm/h)、微喷灌WP2(40 mm/h)处理下的裂隙优先流特征,验证了基于水量平衡的双域渗透模型的有效性,并采用4组初始体积含水率(0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35 cm^(3)/cm^(3))与5组灌水强度(12.0、24.0、36.0、48.0、60.0mm/h)旋转组合设计进行模拟应用分析。结果表明,WP1、WP2处理整体上水分以均匀的基质流形式入渗;DM处理下的土壤剖面染色区域在垂直方向上可明显划分为基质流区(0~6.9 cm)和优先流区(>6.9 cm)。此外,DM处理下的基质流深度、灌水均匀度显著(P<0.05)小于WP1、WP2处理,而其优先流指数及湿润锋弯曲度均极显著大于(P<0.01)WP1、WP2处理,这表明地面灌可以激活更多的优先流路径,增大优先流发育程度和空间异质性,降低灌水质量。基于水量平衡的双域渗透模型可有效预测不同灌水强度下的基质流深度和土壤剖面染色面积比变化趋势(R2≥0.9276、NSE≥0.8844、RSR≤0.0230),初始体积含水率和灌水强度旋转组合设计模拟结果表明,增加灌水强度或减小初始含水率会增加优先流的程度而降低灌水质量,故建议在农田灌溉管理过程中采用“高频少量”的灌水模式以减少优先流导致的水肥利用效率降低。该研究成果可为农田灌溉决策提供理论依据,其试验数据可为优先流模型优化与验证提供重要的数据支撑。

复杂染料废水降解过程中生物炭对Aeromonas hydrophila菌的影响

生物降解复杂染料废水过程中细菌活性是有效降解的关键。本研究分离驯化出染料废水降解菌,并对其进行形态学特征和系统发育的分析鉴定,将生物炭及Fe_(2)O_(3)/生物炭(Fe-BC)分别与菌构建复合体系,研究降解过程中生物炭和Fe-BC对菌的影响。结果表明,该降解菌为Aeromonashydrophila(嗜水气单胞菌菌属),生物炭-菌和Fe-BC-菌体系中降解脱色率分别提高18%和75%,降解脱色过程符合准一级动力学模型。在Fe-BC-菌体系中,Fe-BC可以促进菌细胞的代谢和细胞间的物质传递,使得参与代谢的N、P、S、Ca、Na及Fe等元素含量增加,并促使细胞产生胞外分泌物。Fe^(2+)参与菌降解复杂有机物的过程,降解产物主要有N-2-(3,4-二羟苯基)-乙基甲胺、2,3-二氢-1,3-二氧-1H-异吲哚-5-羧酸(含C=O)及甲氧基乙酸甲酯(含C—O)。生物炭与Fe-BC可以提高嗜水气单胞菌的生物活性,完成对复杂染料废水的降解脱色.

双碳背景下纺织品清洁染色与着色技术研究进展

纺织行业“十四五”规划为印染行业指明了绿色、清洁染整工艺与技术的发展方向。基于这一视角,围绕超临界CO_(2)、离子液体和油质等非水、少水介质染色,电化学染色、微生物色素、结构生色等新型染色原料与技术,以及微波、超声波技术在染色工艺中的应用展开研究,主要介绍各技术的原理、应用现状及优势。相比传统染色工艺,清洁染色工艺和技术具有节约染料用量、缩短工艺、节能节水、减少废水废气排放等特点,是促进纺织印染行业可持续发展的重要方面。

基于异构烷烃体系的涤纶分散染料少水染色工艺

采用一种新型异构烷烃介质对涤纶织物进行分散染料少水染色,探究了染色温度、染色时间、染色浴比以及水的添加量对织物染色性能的影响,并与传统水浴染色织物的色牢度进行对比。结果表明:在染色温度为130℃,染色时间为60 min,染色浴比1∶30,加水量为50%(omf)时,织物的K/S值最大,颜色饱和度最高,匀染性最好;同时,新型异构烷烃介质少水染色织物的耐皂洗、耐摩擦色牢度均与传统水浴的染色水平相当。

印染行业水资源论证节水评价分析

开展建设项目节水评价是保证建设项目科学合理取用水的有效手段,而印染行业是我国高耗水行业,故而提升行业用水效率对节水型社会的建设具有重要作用。基于印染技术改造项目水资源论证报告中的节水评价内容,对该项目用水概况进行分析,通过节水政策合理性及用水水平先进性进行节水符合性评价,对已开展的节水措施进行评价,并分析存在的节水潜力。

棉织物活性轧染及矿化后处理工艺

为实现印染加工环节的节水减排,将棉织物活性染料轧染后采用矿化工艺后处理,探讨了染色工艺中固色碱剂种类、用量和矿化后处理工艺中助剂XBD、XYK用量等因素对织物染色性能的影响。结果表明:在复配碱剂Na2CO320 g/L+NaOH 3 g/L、汽蒸温度120℃、汽蒸时间4 min条件下,棉织物可获得良好的染色效果。矿化后处理工艺(XBD 0.5 g/L、XYK 3 g/L、温度80℃)可使织物的色牢度较常规后处理工艺提高半级,染色废水色度明显降低,且由传统的6道工序缩短至4道,节约加工时间33%,节约用水33%,提效节能效果显著。

印染行业水污染的治理技术

中国印染行业的发展与环境污染之间存在着密切联系,并且印染行业的污染物排放量大,对水污染防治工作造成较大压力,给人民群众的生产生活造成了影响。基于此,文章分析了印染行业水污染治理技术存在的问题,并提出了相关建议措施。

β⁃环糊精聚合物对印染废水吸附分离研究进展

综述了β⁃环糊精聚合物(β⁃CDs)制备方法及其与阴离子染料、阳离子染料、重金属离子、双酚等印染废水污染物中的吸附作用机理及吸附分离应用效果,并展望了β⁃CDs未来的研究与应用发展趋势。

光催化技术在水处理中的应用研究进展

光催化技术应用于水处理领域,既可以提高水质安全,也可以缓解全球水资源短缺问题,是一项具有广泛应用前景的技术。该文介绍了光催化技术的机理及常见光催化剂的特点,重点综述了光催化技术在饮用水中的除臭、消毒,在染料废水含油废水制药废水催化还原重金属离子养殖废水焦化废水方面的应用。自由基途径与非自由基途径在该技术中发挥重要作用,在光催化材料中,TiO_(2)､金属-有机框架(MOFs)基光催化材料及其类似材料(如MIL系列､ZIFs系列等)可产生更多的•OH;TiO_(2)､g-C_(3)N_(4)基光催化材料可产生更多的•O_(2)^(–)和e^(–);CdS､TiO_(2)､g-C_(3)N_(4)基光催化材料可产生更多的h^(+)。最后对光催化技术的机理､光催化材料、水处理方向及实际应用进行了总结与展望。

印染项目废水处理措施及环境影响评价要点

印染行业是纺织工业的重要组成部分。印染行业带来经济发展的同时,也面临环境污染、能源消耗和资源浪费等问题。对印染项目的废水来源及特点进行分析,探索选择合理可行的废水处理措施,分析了印染项目环境影响评价过程应关注及重点评价的主要内容,以期为项目建设和审批、填报及核准排污许可提供技术支持。

水拓纹样印染技法在服装设计中的运用

现代社会人们对于服装的多样化需求,使得印染艺术备受关注。越来越多的人开始将传统印染工艺应用到服装设计中。水拓纹样印染技法便是当前一种应用到服装设计中的传统印染工艺。本次研究中在对水拓纹样印染技法进行简单阐述的基础上,分析水拓纹样印染技法在服装设计中的实际运用,并就水拓纹样印染技法在服装设计中的创新运用进行说明。期待通过两者的相互结合,展现出传统文化的魅力,也满足消费者对于服装的人文性需求。