Analysis of rockburst mechanism and warning based on microseismic moment tensors and dynamic Bayesian networks

One of the major factors inhibiting the construction of deep underground projects is the risk posed by rockbursts.A study was conducted on the access tunnel of the Shuangjiangkou hydropower station to determine the evolutionary mechanism of microfractures within the surrounding rock mass during rockburst development and develop a rockburst warning model.The study area was chosen through the combination of field studies with an analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of microseismic(MS)events.The moment tensor inversion method was adopted to study rockburst mechanism,and a dynamic Bayesian network(DBN)was applied to investigating the sensitivity of MS source parameters for rockburst warnings.A MS multivariable rockburst warning model was proposed and validated using two case studies.The results indicate that fractures in the surrounding rock mass during the development of strain-structure rockbursts initially show shear failure and are then followed by tensile failure.The effectiveness of the DBN-based rockburst warning model was demonstrated using self-validation and K-fold cross-validation.Moment magnitude and source radius are the most sensitive factors based on an investigation of the influence on the parent and child nodes in the model,which can serve as important standards for rockburst warnings.The proposed rockburst warning model was found to be effective when applied to two actual projects.

A reconfigurable dynamic Bayesian network for digital twin modeling of structures with multiple damage modes

Dynamic Bayesian networks(DBNs)are commonly employed for structural digital twin modeling.At present,most researches only consider single damage mode tracking.It is not sufficient for a reusable spacecraft as various damage modes may occur during its service life.A reconfigurable DBN method is proposed in this paper.The structure of the DBN can be updated dynamically to describe the interactions between different damages.Two common damages(fatigue and bolt loosening)for a spacecraft structure are considered in a numerical example.The results show that the reconfigurable DBN can accurately predict the acceleration phenomenon of crack growth caused by bolt loosening while the DBN with time-invariant structure cannot,even with enough updates.The definition of interaction coefficients makes the reconfigurable DBN easy to track multiple damages and be extended to more complex problems.The method also has a good physical interpretability as the reconfiguration of DBN corresponds to a specific mechanism.Satisfactory predictions do not require precise knowledge of reconfiguration conditions,making the method more practical.

Reliability analysis for wireless communication networks via dynamic Bayesian network

The dynamic wireless communication network is a complex network that needs to consider various influence factors including communication devices,radio propagation,network topology,and dynamic behaviors.Existing works focus on suggesting simplified reliability analysis methods for these dynamic networks.As one of the most popular modeling methodologies,the dynamic Bayesian network(DBN)is proposed.However,it is insufficient for the wireless communication network which contains temporal and non-temporal events.To this end,we present a modeling methodology for a generalized continuous time Bayesian network(CTBN)with a 2-state conditional probability table(CPT).Moreover,a comprehensive reliability analysis method for communication devices and radio propagation is suggested.The proposed methodology is verified by a reliability analysis of a real wireless communication network.

Research on the self-defence electronic jamming decision-making based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network

The manner and conditions of running the decision-making system with self-defense electronic jamming are given. After proposing the scenario of applying discrete dynamic Bayesian network to the decision making with self-defense electronic jamming, a decision-making model with self-defense electronic jamming based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network is established. Then jamming decision inferences by the aid of the algorithm of discrete dynamic Bayesian network are carried on. The simulating result shows that this method is able to synthesize different targets which are not predominant. In this way, various features at the same time, as well as the same feature appearing at different time complement mutually; in addition, the accuracy and reliability of electronic jamming decision making are enhanced significantly.

Comparison of dynamic Bayesian network approaches for online diagnosis of aircraft system

The online diagnosis for aircraft system has always been a difficult problem. This is due to time evolution of system change, uncertainty of sensor measurements, and real-time requirement of diagnostic inference. To address this problem, two dynamic Bayesian network(DBN) approaches are proposed. One approach prunes the DBN of system, and then uses particle filter(PF) for this pruned DBN(PDBN) to perform online diagnosis. The problem is that estimates from a PF tend to have high variance for small sample sets. Using large sample sets is computationally expensive. The other approach compiles the PDBN into a dynamic arithmetic circuit(DAC) using an offline procedure that is applied only once, and then uses this circuit to provide online diagnosis recursively. This approach leads to the most computational consumption in the offline procedure. The experimental results show that the DAC, compared with the PF for PDBN, not only provides more reliable online diagnosis, but also offers much faster inference.

Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of Complex Multi-State System Based on Bayesian Networks Considering Fuzzy Dynamic of Faults

In the traditional reliability evaluation based on the Bayesian method,the failure probability of nodes is usually expressed by the average failure rate within a period of time.Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional Bayesian network reliability evaluation methods,this paper proposes a Bayesian network reliability evaluation method considering dynamics and fuzziness.The fuzzy theory and the dynamic of component failure probability are introduced to construct the dynamic fuzzy set function.Based on the solving characteristics of the dynamic fuzzy set and Bayesian network,the fuzzy dynamic probability and fuzzy dynamic importance degree of the fault state of leaf nodes are solved.Finally,through the dynamic fuzzy reliability analysis of CNC machine tool hydraulic system balance circuit,the application of this method in system reliability evaluation is verified,which provides support for fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools.

A Dynamic-Bayesian-Networks-Based Resilience Assessment Approach of Structure Systems: Subsea Oil and Gas Pipelines as A Case Study

Under unanticipated natural disasters, any failure of structure components may cause the crash of an entire structure system. Resilience is an important metric for the structure system. Although many resilience metrics and assessment approaches are proposed for engineering system, they are not suitable for complex structure systems, since the failure mechanisms of them are different under the influences of natural disasters. This paper proposes a novel resilience assessment metric for structure system from a macroscopic perspective, named structure resilience, and develops a corresponding assessment approach based on remaining useful life of key components. Dynamic Bayesian networks(DBNs) and Markov are applied to establish the resilience assessment model. In the degradation process, natural degradation and accelerated degradation are modelled by using Bayesian networks, and then coupled by using DBNs. In the recovery process, the model is established by combining Markov and DBNs. Subsea oil and gas pipelines are adopted to demonstrate the application of the proposed structure metric and assessment approach.

Prediction of visibility in the Arctic based on dynamic Bayesian network analysis

With the accelerated warming of the world,the safety and use of Arctic passages is receiving more attention.Predicting visibility in the Arctic has been a hot topic in recent years because of navigation risks and opening of ice-free northern passages.Numerical weather prediction and statistical prediction are two methods for predicting visibility.As microphysical parameterization schemes for visibility are so sophisticated,visibility prediction using numerical weather prediction models includes large uncertainties.With the development of artificial intelligence,statistical prediction methods have received increasing attention.In this study,we constructed a statistical model with a physical basis,to predict visibility in the Arctic based on a dynamic Bayesian network,and tested visibility prediction over a 1°×1°grid area averaged daily.The results show that the mean relative error of the predicted visibility from the dynamic Bayesian network is approximately 14.6%compared with the inferred visibility from the artificial neural network.However,dynamic Bayesian network can predict visibility for only 3 days.Moreover,with an increase in predicted area and period,the uncertainty of the predicted visibility becomes larger.At the same time,the accuracy of the predicted visibility is positively correlated with the time period of the input evidence data.It is concluded that using a dynamic Bayesian network to predict visibility can be useful over Arctic regions for projected climatic changes.

Target threat estimation based on discrete dynamic Bayesian networks with small samples

The accuracy of target threat estimation has a great impact on command decision-making.The Bayesian network,as an effective way to deal with the problem of uncertainty,can be used to track the change of the target threat level.Unfortunately,the traditional discrete dynamic Bayesian network(DDBN)has the problems of poor parameter learning and poor reasoning accuracy in a small sample environment with partial prior information missing.Considering the finiteness and discreteness of DDBN parameters,a fuzzy k-nearest neighbor(KNN)algorithm based on correlation of feature quantities(CF-FKNN)is proposed for DDBN parameter learning.Firstly,the correlation between feature quantities is calculated,and then the KNN algorithm with fuzzy weight is introduced to fill the missing data.On this basis,a reasonable DDBN structure is constructed by using expert experience to complete DDBN parameter learning and reasoning.Simulation results show that the CF-FKNN algorithm can accurately fill in the data when the samples are seriously missing,and improve the effect of DDBN parameter learning in the case of serious sample missing.With the proposed method,the final target threat assessment results are reasonable,which meets the needs of engineering applications.

Variational Inference Based Kernel Dynamic Bayesian Networks for Construction of Prediction Intervals for Industrial Time Series With Incomplete Input

Prediction intervals(PIs)for industrial time series can provide useful guidance for workers.Given that the failure of industrial sensors may cause the missing point in inputs,the existing kernel dynamic Bayesian networks(KDBN),serving as an effective method for PIs construction,suffer from high computational load using the stochastic algorithm for inference.This study proposes a variational inference method for the KDBN for the purpose of fast inference,which avoids the timeconsuming stochastic sampling.The proposed algorithm contains two stages.The first stage involves the inference of the missing inputs by using a local linearization based variational inference,and based on the computed posterior distributions over the missing inputs the second stage sees a Gaussian approximation for probability over the nodes in future time slices.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a synthetic dataset and a practical dataset of generation flow of blast furnace gas(BFG)are employed with different ratios of missing inputs.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can provide reliable PIs for the generation flow of BFG and it exhibits shorter computing time than the stochastic based one.

Dynamic Bayesian Network Based Prognosis in Machining Processes

Condition based maintenance (CBM) is becoming more and more popular in equipment main-tenance. A prerequisite to widespread deployment of CBM technology and practice in industry is effective diagnostics and prognostics. A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) based prognosis method was investigated to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) for an equipment. First, a DBN based prognosis framework and specific steps for building a DBN based prognosis model were presented. Then, the corresponding inference algorithms for DBN based prognosis were provided. Finally, a prognosis procedure based on particle filtering algorithms was used to predict the RUL of drill-bits of a vertical drilling machine, which is commonly used in industrial process. Preliminary experimental results are promising.

Linking Structural Equation Modeling with Bayesian Network and Its Application to Coastal Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Bohai Bay

Bayesian networks （BN） have many advantages over other methods in ecological modeling, and have become an increasingly popular modeling tool. However, BN are flawed in regard to building models based on inadequate existing knowledge. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new method that links BN with structural equation modeling （SEM）. In this method, SEM is used to improve the model structure for BN. This method was used to simulate coastal phytoplankton dynamics in the Bohai Bay. We demonstrate that this hybrid approach minimizes the need for expert elicitation, generates more reasonable structures for BN models, and increases the BN model＇s accuracy and reliability. These results suggest that the inclusion of SEM for testing and verifying the theoretical structure during the initial construction stage improves the effectiveness of BN models, especially for complex eco-environment systems. The results also demonstrate that in the Bohai Bay, while phytoplankton biomass has the greatest influence on phytoplankton dynamics, the impact of nutrients on phytoplankton dynamics is larger than the influence of the physical environment in summer. Furthermore, although the Redfield ratio indicates that phosphorus should be the primary nutrient limiting factor, our results show that silicate plays the most important role in regulating phytoplankton dynamics in the Bohai Bay.

融合强化学习的DBN跑道侵入风险预测

为解决机场跑道侵入事件风险量化难度大、时效性差、精准性低等问题,提升跑道侵入风险预警能力,构建融合强化学习的动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)风险预测模型。首先,结合因果推断理论与灰色关联分析法分析跑道侵入历史事件,识别跑道侵入事件风险致因;其次,运用贝叶斯网络(BN)理论挖掘各风险因素间的关联性,并利用皮尔逊线性相关系数量化各因素间的关联关系,构建表征风险传播的致因关系网络;然后,利用三角模糊方法与隐马尔可夫模型(HMMs)优化DBN参数学习机制;最后,利用历史数据验证基于融合强化学习的DBN预测结果准确性。结果表明:基于融合强化学习的DBN预测结果与历史数据统计数值的拟合较好,准确率为84%,与单独DBN预测结果相比准确性提升10%;相比于采用度值评价法,通过互信息识别关键节点可有效提升预测准确率和区分度。

基于DBN的风电机组变桨系统可靠性动态评估

为了对风电机组变桨系统的潜在风险进行可靠的动态预测,针对变桨系统部件种类多、系统复杂、故障特征提取困难的问题,文章首先对变桨系统故障点和故障传递过程进行归纳分析,建立故障树;然后将其转化为融合Leaky Noisy-Or节点的动态贝叶斯网络(DBN),保证了模型精度并具备了动态预测能力;最后采用5折交叉验证的方式对模型进行寻优并验证。测试结果表明,该方法在对变桨系统进行风险预测、故障致因分析、风险动态演化过程分析方面准确率较高,可指导变桨系统进行预防性维护,在保证风电机组整体安全方面具有工程应用价值。

模糊DBN的室内燃气泄漏动态风险评估方法研究

为有效分析并评估室内燃气泄漏风险,运用蝴蝶结模型对室内燃气事故危险源进行识别;并利用模糊集理论改进动态贝叶斯模型,弥补因数据缺失带来的误差,实现风险评估从静态到动态的转变,从而构建一种基于蝴蝶结(Bow-Tie,BT)模型模糊动态贝叶斯网络(Dynamic Bayesian Network,DBN)的室内燃气事故动态风险评估方法,并结合实际案例验证模型有效性和可行性。结果表明:依据该模型得到的关键风险因子能够为居民燃气安全风险防控提供参考;同时,该方法能够分析原因事件失效后各事故后果发生概率在各时间片的变化,模拟结果与实际相吻合。

基于TS-DBN的地铁牵引系统可靠性分析

论文提出一种结合连续时间T-S动态故障树和贝叶斯网络(TS-DBN)的可靠性评估方法来模拟实际运营过程中牵引系统的动静态失效行为。首先,构建基于牵引系统单元结构的故障树模型;然后,通过应用T-S动态门的时序规则,给出T-S门的逻辑定义,进而计算子节点后验概率及重要度参数;将敏感节点进行排序,建立系统连续时间状态下的稳定度函数数学模型。该方法能够直观地反映牵引系统结构单元的敏感薄弱环节,可以为后续维修策略优化提供理论参考。

基于DBN的艾尔西亚高等级公路施工进度风险评估

针对传统贝叶斯网络(BN)方法较难实现施工进度风险动态评估的问题,在分析环境、组织、技术、管理等风险因素与施工进度风险之间因果关系的基础上,引入时间因素将贝叶斯网络横向扩展成具有10个时间段的动态贝叶斯网络(DBN),结合施工进度监测数据对施工进度风险进行动态评估。以El Sillar(下文称艾尔西亚)高等级公路工程为例验证方法的合理性。结果表明:艾尔西亚公路工程施工进度风险整体可控,各时间段能够按期完工的概率在60%左右,延期风险呈先增后降的趋势,导致其工期延误的风险事件依次为环境风险、技术风险、组织管理风险、经济风险;DBN模型考虑了风险因素的动态性,优于静态模型。基于DBN对公路工程施工进度动态风险进行分析,可为同类工程提供借鉴和参考。

燃气管网外腐蚀事故DBN模型

为明确燃气管网服役中后期外腐蚀事故致灾机制规律及维护措施的有效性,有针对性地预防燃气管网外腐蚀泄漏事故,利用复杂网络(CN)理论与动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)相结合的方法,提取外腐蚀事故要素及事故链,整理并构建外腐蚀事故凝聚网络;通过度值分析筛选事故关键要素,在此基础上,将参数学习及Leaky Noisy-or gate修正模型联合,构建燃气管网外腐蚀事故DBN;根据不同失效场景,得到各动态要素及维护措施对管网失效的影响特征。结果表明:不同事故要素对管网失效的影响呈现差异性和阶段性,其中,老化、事故积累、化学腐蚀在管道服役中后期对管网腐蚀穿孔和管道破裂有显著影响,压力循环则主导服役中期的管道破裂事故。通过CN拓扑分析,可实现从整体角度出发对事故要素重要度的辨识;通过DBN的构建分析,能获得事故要素对事故后果的动态影响。

基于DBN的飞行保障力量配置辅助决策方法

为弥补机场飞行保障活动中全员出动和比例配置决策方法的不足,构建了基于动态贝叶斯网络(dynamic Bayesian network,DBN)的机场飞行保障力量配置辅助决策模型。在量化保障力量强度的基础上引入隐马尔可夫模型和Hausdorff距离算法,对不同条件下的飞行保障活动进行辅助决策,并定义相关决策评估指标作为模型验证依据。分别对两种情况的机场飞行保障活动进行仿真试验,结果表明,通过决策模型可以生成指标优于传统比例配置的方案,并且可对保障力量缺口补充提供决策支持依据。

Key techniques for predicting the uncertain trajectories of moving objects with dynamic environment awareness

Emerging technologies of wireless and mobile communication enable people to accumulate a large volume of time-stamped locations,which appear in the form of a continuous moving object trajectory.How to accurately predict the uncertain mobility of objects becomes an important and challenging problem.Existing algorithms for trajectory prediction in moving objects databases mainly focus on identifying frequent trajectory patterns,and do not take account of the effect of essential dynamic environmental factors.In this study,a general schema for predicting uncertain trajectories of moving objects with dynamic environment awareness is presented,and the key techniques in trajectory prediction arc addressed in detail.In order to accurately predict the trajectories,a trajectory prediction algorithm based on continuous time Bayesian networks（CTBNs） is improved and applied,which takes dynamic environmental factors into full consideration.Experiments conducted on synthetic trajectory data verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm,which also guarantees the time performance as well.