Dynamic failure process of expanded polystyrene particle lightweight soil under cyclic loading using discrete element method

Expanded polystyrene(EPS)particle-based lightweight soil,which is a type of lightweight filler,is mainly used in road engineering.The stability of subgrades under dynamic loading is attracting increased research attention.The traditional method for studying the dynamic strength characteristics of soils is dynamic triaxial testing,and the discrete element simulation of lightweight soils under cyclic load has rarely been considered.To study the meso-mechanisms of the dynamic failure processes of EPS particle lightweight soils,a discrete element numerical model is established using the particle flow code(PFC)software.The contact force,displacement field,and velocity field of lightweight soil under different cumulative compressive strains are studied.The results show that the hysteresis curves of lightweight soil present characteristics of strain accumulation,which reflect the cyclic effects of the dynamic load.When the confining pressure increases,the contact force of the particles also increases.The confining pressure can restrain the motion of the particle system and increase the dynamic strength of the sample.When the confining pressure is held constant,an increase in compressive strain causes minimal change in the contact force between soil particles.However,the contact force between the EPS particles decreases,and their displacement direction points vertically toward the center of the sample.Under an increase in compressive strain,the velocity direction of the particle system changes from a random distribution and points vertically toward the center of the sample.When the compressive strain is 5%,the number of particles deflected in the particle velocity direction increases significantly,and the cumulative rate of deformation in the lightweight soil accelerates.Therefore,it is feasible to use 5%compressive strain as the dynamic strength standard for lightweight soil.Discrete element methods provide a new approach toward the dynamic performance evaluation of lightweight soil subgrades.

Comparative efficacy of proximal femoral nail vs dynamic condylar screw in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND Among the most frequent hip fractures are trochanteric fractures,which usually occur from low-energy trauma like minor falls,especially in older people with osteoporotic bones.AIM To evaluate the treatment efficacy of dynamic condylar screws(DCS)and proximal femoral nails(PFN)for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS To find pertinent randomized controlled trials and retrospective observational studies comparing PFN with DCS for the management of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures,a thorough search was carried out.For research studies published between January 1996 and April 2024,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar were all searched.The complete texts of the papers were retrieved,vetted,and independently examined by two investigators.Disputes were settled by consensus,and any disagreements that persisted were arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This study included six articles,comprising a total of 173 patients.Compared to the DCS,the PFN had a shorter operation time[mean difference(MD):-41.7 min,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-63.04 to-20.35,P=0.0001],higher success rates with closed reduction techniques[risk ratio(RR):34.05,95%CI:11.12-104.31,P<0.00001],and required less intraoperative blood transfusion(MD:-1.4 units,95%CI:-1.80 to-1.00,P<0.00001).Additionally,the PFN showed shorter fracture union time(MD:-6.92 wk,95%CI:-10.27 to-3.57,P<0.0001)and a lower incidence of reoperation(RR:0.37,95%CI:0.17-0.82,P=0.01).However,there was no discernible variation regarding hospital stay,implant-related complications,and infections.CONCLUSION Compared to DCS,PFN offers shorter operative times,reduces the blood transfusions requirements,achieves higher closed reduction success,enables faster fracture healing,and lowers reoperation incidence.

DYNAMIC FREE ENERGY HYSTERESIS MODEL IN MAGNETOSTRICTIVE ACTUATORS

A dynamic free energy hysteresis model in magnetostrictive actuators is presented. It is the free energy hysteresis model coupled to an ordinary different equation in an unusual way. According to its special structure, numerical implementation method of the dynamic model is provided. The resistor parameter in the dynamic model changes according to different frequency ranges. This makes numerical implementation results reasonable in the discussed operating frequency range. The validity of the dynamic free energy model is illustrated by comparison with experimental data.

Prediction of flexoelectricity in BaTiO_(3) using molecular dynamics simulations

Flexoelectric effect, referring to the strain gradient induced polarization, widely exists in dielectric materials, but its molecular dynamics has not been studied so much so far. In this work, the radial distribution function of BaTiO_(3) and the phase transition temperatures have been investigated, and the results show that the core-shell potential model is effective and the structure of BaTiO_(3) is stable in a temperature range of 10 K–150 K. Molecular dynamics simulated hysteresis loops of BaTiO_(3) show that anisotropy can play an important role in the coercive field. Based on the rational simulation process,the effects of cantilever beam bent angle and fixed length on the polarization are analyzed. It is found that the small bent angle of the curved cantilever beam can give a proportional relationship with a fixed end length and a non-linear relationship is presented when the bent angle is much larger. The prediction of flexoelectric coefficient in BaTiO_(3) is 18.5 nC/m. This work provides a computational framework for the study of flexoelectric effect by using molecular dynamics.

Comparison Study and Forensic Analysis between Experiment and Coupled Dynamics Simulation for Submerged Floating Tunnel Segment with Free Ends under Wave Excitations

This paper presents dynamic-behavior comparisons and related forensic analyses of a submerged floating tunnel(SFT)between numerical simulation and physical experiment under regular and irregular waves.The experiments are conducted in the 3Dwave tank with 1:33.3 scale,and the corresponding coupled time-domain simulation tool is devised for comparison.The entire SFT systemconsists of a long concrete tunnel and 12 tubular aluminummooring lines.Two numerical simulation models,the Cummins equation with 3D potential theory including second-order wave-body interaction effects and the much simpler Morison-equation-based formula with the lumped-massbased line model,are designed and compared.Forensic analyses for mooring-line adjustments in the simulation are carried out in view of the best representation of the physical system.After that,the measured pre-tension distribution and systemstiffness of twelvemooring lines arewell reproduced in the numericalmodel.Subsequently,the dynamic responses and mooring tensions of the SFT are compared under regular and irregular waves.The measured and simulated results coincide reasonably well for both regular-and irregular-wave conditions.

两条鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的活性及作用机制比较

目的:探讨鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的作用机制和构效关系。方法:采用差示扫描量热和分子动力学模拟方法对比分析了两条鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的活性、结构及其作用模式。结果:Pv-AFP 1(KAADSFNHKAFFAKVG)呈稳定的α-螺旋结构,而Pv-AFP 2(KAADSFNHKAF)倾向于呈无规卷曲;Pv-AFP 1的热滞值为0.87℃,总平均亲水性为-0.21,热滞活性和两亲性均优于Pv-AFP 2(0.74℃,-0.71);分子动力学模拟显示Pv-AFP 1能结合53个水分子,可形成16个氢键吸附至冰晶表面,结合能为-1514 kJ/mol,均大于Pv-AFP 2(能结合50个水分子,通过形成11个氢键吸附至冰面,结合能为-805 kJ/mol);尽管两条肽序列相似,但其与水分子和冰晶相互作用的主要位点和模式也有一定差异。此外,两条肽均能与冰水界面相互作用,改变了冰面的曲率从而抑制了水的结冰,但Pv-AFP 1抑制冰面生长的效果优于Pv-AFP 2,与热滞活性结果一致。结论:鲢鱼小清蛋白源抗冻肽的活性可能与构象、两亲性及其与水分子和冰晶相互作用的亲和力、位点和模式有关。

农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为

【目的】探究表面张力、液滴粒径和叶片倾角对农药液滴在水稻叶片近轴面、远轴面动态润湿铺展行为的影响,为通过调控农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为实现水稻施药的“减施增效”提供依据。【方法】通过调节Silwet-408的浓度配制出表面张力为21.4、33.2、43.7 mN·m^(-1)的Silwet-408溶液代替农药药液,利用液滴发生器生成532、627、746、830、957μm的单液滴,对其在倾角为40°、65°、85°水稻叶片近轴面、远轴面的动态润湿铺展行为进行全因子试验。【结果】表面张力、液滴粒径、叶片倾角均显著影响(P<0.05)水稻叶面的液滴接触角变化率,且近轴面、远轴面所受影响的整体趋势基本相同,增大叶片倾角或减小液滴粒径或降低表面张力均能增大接触角变化率,促进液滴润湿铺展。其中,以降低表面张力的效果最显著,当表面张力从33.2 mN·m^(-1)降至与水稻叶面临界表面张力接近的21.4 mN·m^(-1)时,叶片近轴面的接触角(前进角和后退角)变化率分别增大7.49、6.22倍,远轴面的分别增大11.13、7.61倍,液滴的润湿性在75 s内从较差或差(80°≤接触角<100°或接触角≥100°)转变成中等或好(60°≤接触角<80°或接触角<60°);当表面张力比水稻叶面临界表面张力大得多时,接触角变化率随叶片倾角的增大而增大,随液滴粒径的减小而增大,但叶片倾角的影响小于液滴粒径的影响,经过75 s后,几乎所有粒径的液滴仍保持较差或差的润湿性(80°≤接触角<100°或接触角≥100°)。液滴润湿滞后现象分析表明,水稻叶面的粗糙度相对较小,液滴润湿滞后现象并不严重。表面张力与水稻叶面临界表面张力接近的液滴在固-液-气三相体系动态表面张力的驱使下在叶面润湿铺展,接触角随时间的动态变化可使用模型θ=θe+Aexp(-Kt)进行拟合;表面张力比水稻叶面临界表面张力大得多的液滴虽能稳定地黏附在叶面上,没有出现滚落现象,但始终未突破叶面的钉扎效应和滞留阻力,无法实现润湿铺展。【结论】表面张力、液滴粒径、叶片倾角3个因素均显著影响农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为,在实际施药场景中,由于叶片倾角无法人为调节,因此可根据施药的目的调节药液的表面张力和液滴粒径进而调控液滴的动态润湿铺展行为。研究结果有助于理解农药液滴在水稻叶面动态润湿铺展的机理,并可为水稻施药场景中合理选择药液表面张力、液滴粒径提供理论支持与指导。

相对密实度和固结应力比对北部湾海砂动力特性影响的试验研究

北部湾地区拥有丰富的海洋资源,海洋工程在这一地区的发展日益重要,了解海砂在不同固结应力比和密实度条件下的动力特性,对于海岸线保护、港口建设、堤防工程等都至关重要。为探究北部湾海砂的动力特性,针对北部湾海砂开展了一系列的固结不排水循环动三轴试验,分析了相对密实度和固结应力比对北部湾海砂的轴向累积应变、动弹性模量、动孔压以及滞回曲线的影响。研究表明:在相同振次水平下,随着固结应力比和相对密实度的增大,海砂的轴向累积应变随之减小;动孔压随着固结应力比的增大线性减小,在低相对密实度(Dr≤50%)下,动孔压随振次的增大而增大,在高相对密实度(Dr=70%)下,动孔压随振次先增后减;动弹性模量随着振次的增加出现刚度软化现象,增大相对密实度与固结应力比,较明显地减缓了动弹性模量的衰减速率;随着固结应力比和相对密实度的增大,滞回曲线包围的面积减小,滞回曲线由不封闭曲线转为封闭曲线。这些研究成果可以为北部湾围填海工程提供一定的参考。

自动变换次级绕组匝数的悬浮电源设计

利用小型电流互感器(CT)的感应能量为电子式电流互感器高压侧的电子电路供能具有稳定、成本低廉的优点,但是母线电流的增大使得取能装置的热耗变得不可接受,其应用受到限制。针对现有CT取能方法的不足,提出了一种简化的能够根据母线电流大小自动变换取能CT二次绕组的设计方法。根据不同的电压范围控制由电压比较器、场效应管和继电器组成的迟滞电压比较电路,并完成相应二次绕组的转换。实验结果表明该方法能有效降低母线电流增大产生的热耗,简化继电器的控制方法,提高系统的稳定性。

一种电源管理芯片的高精度过温保护电路设计

电源管理芯片在超过可承受温度范围工作时会对自身造成不同程度的损坏,过温保护电路对提高该类芯片的可靠性和鲁棒性具有重要作用。文中设计了一种具有温度过高关断和温度过低提醒等双重功能的高精度过温保护电路。利用正、负温度系数电压对芯片温度进行实时检测,并与带隙基准电路输出端的不同基准电压分别进行比较得到4个逻辑翻转点,进而通过高精度比较器电路和迟滞逻辑电路处理后,输出迟滞逻辑信号来控制芯片的工作状态或进行温度过低提醒。基于0.18μm BCD(Bipolar-Complementary Metal Oxied Semiconductor-Double diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor)工艺设计并完成了相关仿真验证,仿真结果表明,在电源电压范围为3.0~5.5 V时,该电路输出端的迟滞逻辑翻转信号对应的温度阈值最大偏移量在0.3℃以内,具备较高的精度,可广泛集成于各种需要过温保护功能的电源管理芯片。

基于Energetic和改进Jiles-Atherton-Sablik模型的电工钢片动态磁致伸缩特性模拟

准确模拟电工钢片的动态磁致伸缩特性是电工装备铁心振动和噪声分析的关键步骤。该文提出一种基于Energetic磁滞模型和改进Jiles-Atherton-Sablik(J-A-S)模型的电工钢片动态磁致伸缩特性模拟方法。首先,基于静态Energetic磁滞模型和损耗分离理论,考虑由励磁频率引起的动态损耗密度分量,并采用场分离技术建立动态Energetic磁滞模型。其次,将动态Energetic磁滞模型求解的动态磁场强度作为改进J-A-S模型的已知量,从而根据铁磁材料的非线性本构关系,建立以磁感应强度为输入量的动态磁致伸缩逆模型。在此基础上,设计电工钢片动态磁致伸缩曲线的模拟流程。最后,将所提方法的模拟结果与实测结果和现有方法模拟结果进行对比,可知所提方法的模拟结果与实测结果吻合更好,从而验证所提模拟方法的准确性。

Investigation on the Velocity-Dependent Adhesion Hysteresis via Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Adhesion plays an important role in miniaturized devices and technologies,which depends not only on indentation depth but also on the history of contact making and breaking,giving rise to adhesion hysteresis.In the present work,adhesion hysteresis has been investigated via molecular dynamics simulations on approaching and retracting a rigid tip to and from a substrate.The results show that hysteresis in the force-displacement curve that depends on approaching and retraction velocities arises under both elastic and plastic deformation.The underlying mechanisms have been analyzed.The implications of the results in friction have been discussed briefly.

空气舵绕轴转动动力学响应分析

针对空气舵绕舵轴转动动力学模型,考虑含转动间隙、Stribeck效应的干摩擦模型,建立含间隙、干摩擦空气舵转动受迫振动方程,应用平均法解析分析转动方向幅频特性,研究不同摩擦力矩系数及外激励频率对绕轴振动幅频响应的影响。结果表明:外激励频率变化时,绕轴振动幅频曲线呈现软硬不同的迟滞非线性特性,频域出现多解频带,且频域多解频带随摩擦力矩系数的增大而增大。

用于GEM-TPC探测器读出芯片的10 bit20 MSPS SAR ADC设计

随着大面积气体电子倍增器——时间投影室探测器的不断发展,其对读出电子学的密度和集成度要求越来越高。基于180 nm的CMOS工艺设计完成了一款10 bit、20 MSPS的逐次逼近寄存器型模数转换器原型芯片。利用该芯片结合模拟前端模块和数字信号处理器,可实现全数字化的前端读出专用集成电路用于GEM-TPC的读出。该ADC主要由DAC模块、动态比较器模块、异步时钟生成模块和SAR逻辑模块构成。仿真结果表明,输入信号频率为1.836 MHz时,ENOB为8.61 bit,内核功耗约为3.3 mW/Ch。

战略组态与竞争优势、组织韧性:基于中国制造企业研究

本文从组态视角探讨哪些战略组态有助于制造企业获得竞争优势,在这些战略组态中又有哪些有利于制造企业提升组织韧性。研究基于沪深两市A股545家中国制造业上市公司2016—2019年间2180个平衡面板数据,运用必要条件分析(NCA)、时间序列定性比较分析(TSQCA)和典型案例提取技术,对战略导向(多元化战略、差异化战略、成本领先战略)、环境特征(环境动态性、环境丰富性)和组织资源(成本黏性、组织规模、所有权)这3个构面8个条件进行分析,以探讨战略组态与竞争优势、组织韧性之间的关系。研究发现:(1)8个条件对高竞争优势都不存在瓶颈影响,即高竞争优势的获取并不要求任何条件达到特定水平;(2)中国制造企业中存在10种高竞争优势的战略组态,可归并为资源依托式、多元扩张式、成本领先式、成本多元式、差异多元式这5大模式;(3)战略组态会显著影响组织韧性,其中,采取多元扩张式、成本领先式的企业相对缺乏韧性,而采取差异多元式的企业更具组织韧性。研究表明:战略组态差异会导致企业竞争优势差异;即便是拥有竞争优势的企业也未必拥有组织韧性;只有特定的战略组态才能让企业兼具竞争优势和组织韧性。研究依托一个整合式动态定性比较分析方案,基于组态视角解释了竞争优势构建机制,发现公司战略与业务战略的多种组合方式,找到兼具竞争优势和组织韧性的战略组态。

考虑TCPS考核约束的AGC机组动态优化模型

近年来电网开始采用控制性能标准变式(transformational control performance standard,TCPS)考核各区域的自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)水平,然而现有研究仅考虑了控制性能标准(control performance standard,CPS)的考核。鉴于此,提出了一种考虑TCPS的AGC机组动态优化模型,该模型以二次调频综合调整费用最小为目标,以系统功率平衡和TCPS考核为约束。针对新模型中TCPS考核约束的分段函数进行线性化,实现了模型的高效求解。基于修改的IEEE算例、工程中的AGC滞后控制策略和CPS标准,仿真验证了模型的有效性。

压电陶瓷作动器的MPI动态迟滞建模与控制

压电陶瓷是一种具有迟滞非线性的智能材料。为了实现系统的精密跟踪控制,提出一种基于MPI(modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii)的Hammerstein动态迟滞模型,并基于该模型设计了滑模跟踪控制方案。在play算子的上升边沿和下降边沿阈值处引入了延时系数,并串联死区算子构成改进的非对称PI(Prandtl-Ishlinskii)模型,基于MPI的Hammerstein动态迟滞非线性模型可以描述压电陶瓷作动器的率相关迟滞特性。通过采集在单频率10 Hz,40 Hz,80 Hz和复合频率10~90 Hz正弦输入电压信号下的压电陶瓷作动器的位移数据,并采用粒子群算法和最小二乘递推方法辨识MPI模型参数和ARX(auto regressive model with exogenous input)模型参数,验证了模型的可行性,相较于基于经典PI的Hammerstein动态迟滞模型,模型误差分别降低了37%,42%,35%和24%。最后,构建迟滞补偿器,利用Hammerstein模型的模块化特点,提出一种可以实现对系统动态跟踪控制的滑模控制方案,并搭建了滑模控制压电系统试验平台,对单频率1 Hz,40 Hz,80 Hz和复合频率10~90 Hz的正弦输入电压信号进行了微位移实时跟踪控制试验,试验中的相对误差在7.62%以内,均方根最大误差为1.8573μm,表明所提出的滑模控制器有较强的跟踪性能。

成层土中考虑桩侧土竖向作用的螺纹桩动力响应

螺纹桩与桩侧土的作用相对复杂,为研究竖向荷载作用下螺纹桩的振动特性,从桩侧土的三维波动出发,考虑土体的成层特性和桩侧土的竖向作用,对滞回阻尼地基中螺纹桩纵向振动特性进行研究。基于三维波动理论建立桩侧土波动方程,采用Laplace变换和修正阻抗函数传递法得到桩土完全耦合条件下的螺纹桩振动响应解。将理论计算结果与现场实测曲线进行对比,证明螺纹桩-土相互作用模型的合理性。结果表明:相比桩侧土为均质体的假定,考虑土体的成层特性可以充分考虑应力波在分层界面的反射和折射现象,更符合实际情况;在有效桩长范围内,随着桩长的增加,桩侧土对螺纹桩的侧摩阻力越大,阻尼效应越明显;螺纹桩螺牙的存在对桩体具有一定的减振效应,且随着螺牙外径的增加,桩顶复刚度曲线的振幅水平和共振频率均显著减小。理论模型能较好地模拟螺纹桩与成层土的相互作用机理,为螺纹桩的应用提供理论支撑。

基于随机森林模型的造纸废水出水质量预测方法

为提升造纸企业废水出水质量预测的自动化水平,强化废水处理能力,研究采用增广矩阵对造纸废水原始数据实施升维处理,进而通过动态慢性特征分析方法确定最佳特征数量。在此基础上,通过随机森林模型对当前特征数量下的样本数据进行回归预测分析。为验证动态慢性特征-随机森林复合模型的有效性,统计分析了该模型的预测误差并与其他模型进行对比,发现动态慢性特征-随机森林复合模型预测结果的平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方根误差(RMSE)和决定系数R2分别为0.02、2.88、0.81,显著优于传统的慢性特征-支持向量回归复合模型,显示出了较为理想的造纸废水出水质量预测准确度水平,具有一定的应用价值。