Analysis on the turning point of dynamic in-plane compressive strength for a plain weave composite

Experimental investigations on dynamic in-plane compressive behavior of a plain weave composite were performed using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. A quantitative criterion for calculating the constant strain rate of composites was established. Then the upper limit of strain rate, restricted by stress equilibrium and constant loading rate, was rationally estimated and confirmed by tests. Within the achievable range of 0.001/s-895/s, it was found that the strength increased first and subsequently decreased as the strain rate increased. This feature was also reflected by the turning point(579/s) of the bilinear model for strength prediction. The transition in failure mechanism, from local opening damage to completely splitting destruction, was mainly responsible for such strain rate effects. And three major failure modes were summarized under microscopic observations: fiber fracture, inter-fiber fracture, and interface delamination. Finally, by introducing a nonlinear damage variable, a simplified ZWT model was developed to characterize the dynamic mechanical response. Excellent agreement was shown between the experimental and simulated results.

Correction of dynamic Brazilian disc tensile strength of rocks under preloading conditions considering the overload phenomenon and invoking the Griffith criterion

Dynamic tensile failure is a common phenomenon in deep rock practices,and thus accurately evaluating the dynamic tensile responses of rocks under triaxial pressures is of great significance.The Brazilian disc(BD)test is the suggested method by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM)for measuring both the static and dynamic tensile strengths of rock-like materials.However,due to the overload phenomenon and the complex preloading conditions,the dynamic tensile strengths of rocks measured by the BD tests tend to be overestimated.To address this issue,the dynamic BD tensile strength(BTS)of Fangshan marble(FM)under different preloading conditions were measured through a triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The fracture onset in BD specimen was captured through a strain gage around the disc center.The discrepancy between the traditional tensile strength(TTS,determined by the peak load P_(f) of the BD specimen)and the nominal tensile strength(NTS,obtained from the load P_(i) when the diametral fracture commences in the tested BD specimen)was applied to quantitatively evaluating the overload phenomenon.The Griffith criterion was used to rectify the calculation of the tensile stress at the disc center under triaxial stress states.The results demonstrate that the overload ratio(s)increases with the loading rate(σ)and decreases with the hydrostatic pressure(σ_(s)).The TTS corrected by the Griffith criterion is independent of theσ_(s)due to the overload phenomenon,while the NTS corrected by the Griffith criterion is sensitive to both the andσ.Therefore,it is essential to modify the tensile stress in dynamic confined BD tests using both the overload correction and the Griffith criterion rectification to obtain the accurate dynamic BTS of rocks.

Strength criterion of composite solid propellants under dynamic loading

Based on the dynamic loading(1-100 s^(-1)) experiments under different temperatures(223-298 K) and stress states, uniaxial and biaxial strength criterion of a Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)based composite solid propellant were further investigated. These experiments were conducted through the use of a new uniaxial INSTRON testing machine, different new designed gripping apparatus and samples with different configurations. According to the test results, dynamic uniaxial tensile strength criterion of the propellant was directly constructed with the master curve of the uniaxial maximum tensile stress. Whereas, a new method was proposed to determine the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength of the propellant in this study. Then uniaxial compressive strength criterion of the propellant was constructed based on the related master curve. Moreover, it found that the uniaxial tensilecompressive strength ratio of the propellant is more sensitive to loading temperature under the test conditions. The value of this parameter is about 0.4 at room temperature, and it reduces to 0.2-0.3 at low temperatures. Finally, the theoretical biaxial strength criterion of HTPB propellant under dynamic loading was constructed with the unified strength theory, the uniaxial strength and the typical biaxial tensile strength. In addition, the theoretical limit lines of the principal stress plane for the propellant under dynamic loading at different temperatures were further plotted, and the scope of the limit line increases with decreasing temperature.

A viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model with Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion for sea ice dynamics

A new viscoelastic-plastic （VEP） constitutive model for sea ice dynamics was developed based on continuum mechanics. This model consists of four components： Kelvin-Vogit viscoelastic model, Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion, associated normality flow rule for plastic rehololgy, and hydrostatic pressure. The numerical simulations for ice motion in an idealized rectangular basin were made using smoothed particle hydrodynamics （SPH） method, and compared with the analytical solution as well as those based on the modified viscous plastic（VP） model and static ice jam theory. These simulations show that the new VEP model can simulate ice dynamics accurately. The new constitutive model was further applied to simulate ice dynamics of the Bohai Sea and compared with the traditional VP, and modified VP models. The results of the VEP model are compared better with the satellite remote images, and the simulated ice conditions in the JZ20-2 oil platform area were more reasonable.

Auditory BCI Research Using Spoken Digits Stimulation and Dynamic Stopping Criterion

Auditory brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide a method of non-muscular commu-nication and control for late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, who have impaired eye movements or compromised vision. In this study, random sequences of spoken digits were presented as auditory stimulation. According the protocol, the subject should pay attention to target digits and ignore non-target digits. EEG data were recorded and the components of P300 and N200 were extracted as features for pattern recognition. Fisher classifier was designed and provided likelihood estimates for the Dynamic Stopping Criterion (DSC). Dynamic data collection was controlled by a threshold of the posterior probabilities which were continually updated with each additional measurement. In addition, the experiment would be stopped and the decision was made once the probabilities were above the threshold. The results showed that this paradigm could effectively evoke the characteristic EEG, and the DSC algorithm could improve the accuracy and communication rate.

DYNAMIC TRAVERSAL CRITERION FOR GEOMETRIC FRACTALS

This paper presents a new generating criterion for self-similar geometric fractalsDynamic Traversal Criterion (DTC) and the principle to practice it. According to the principle,symbol shifting technique is put forward which can control the traversal symbols dynamically in recursive procession. The Dynamic Traversal Criterion inherits the mechanism for generating self-similar fractals from traditional way and creates more fractal images from one initiator and generator than Static traversal strategy.

New Oscillation Criteria of Second-Order Nonlinear Delay Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

By using the generalized Riccati transformation and the integral averaging technique, the paper establishes some new oscillation criteria for the second-order nonlinear delay dynamic equations on time scales. The results in this paper unify the oscillation of the second-order nonlinear delay differential equation and the second-order nonlinear delay difference equation on time scales. The Theorems in this paper are new even in the continuous and the discrete cases.

Dynamic failure of dry and fully saturated limestone samples based on incubation time concept

This paper outlines the results of experimental study of the dynamic rock failure based on the comparison of dry and saturated limestone samples obtained during the dynamic compression and split tests. The tests were performed using the Kolsky method and its modifications for dynamic splitting. The mechanical data(e.g. strength, time and energy characteristics) of this material at high strain rates are obtained. It is shown that these characteristics are sensitive to the strain rate. A unified interpretation of these rate effects, based on the structuraletemporal approach, is hereby presented. It is demonstrated that the temporal dependence of the dynamic compressive and split tensile strengths of dry and saturated limestone samples can be predicted by the incubation time criterion. Previously discovered possibilities to optimize(minimize) the energy input for the failure process is discussed in connection with industrial rock failure processes. It is shown that the optimal energy input value associated with critical load, which is required to initialize failure in the rock media, strongly depends on the incubation time and the impact duration. The optimal load shapes, which minimize the momentum for a single failure impact, are demonstrated. Through this investigation, a possible approach to reduce the specific energy required for rock cutting by means of high-frequency vibrations is also discussed.

Dynamic mechanical properties and instability behavior of layered backfill under intermediate strain rates

To obtain dynamic mechanical properties and failure rule of layered backfill under strain rates from10to80s-1,impactloading test on layered backfill specimens(LBS)was conducted by using split Hopkinson pressure bar system.The results indicatethat positive correlation can be found between dynamic compressive strength and strain rate,as well as between strength increasefactor and strain rate.Dynamic compressive strength of LBS gets higher as the arithmetic average cement-sand ratio increases.Compared with static compressive strength,dynamic compressive strength of LBS is enhanced by11%to163%.In addition,theenergy dissipating rate of LBS lies between that of corresponding single specimens,and it decreases as the average cement contentincreases.Deformation of LBS shows obvious discontinuity,deformation degree of lower strength part of LBS is generally higherthan that of higher strength part.A revised brittle fracture criterion based on the Stenerding-Lehnigk criterion is applied to analyzingthe fracture status of LBS,and the average relevant errors of the3groups between the test results and calculation results are4.80%,3.89%and4.66%,respectively.

Oscillation Criteria for Third-order NonlinearNeutral Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

Many practical problems, such as those from electronic engineering, mechanicalengineering, ecological engineering, aerospace engineering and so on, need to bedescribed by dynamic equations on time scales, so it is important in theory andpractical significance to study these equations. In this paper, the oscillation andasymptotic behavior of third-order nonlinear neutral delay dynamic equations ontime scales are studied by using generalized Riccati transformation technique, integralaveraging methods and comparison theorems. The main purpose of this paperis to establish some new oscillation criteria for such dynamic equations. The newKamenev criteria and Philos criteria are given, and an example is considered toillustrate our main results.

Threshold characteristics of short-pulsed loads combined with the ultrasound field causing dynamic delamination of adhesive joints

In the present work, we analyse the delamination problem under the combined dynamic load. We show the effect of background harmonic vibrations on critical amplitudes of the principal force pulse. The effect is demonstrated on the simple model of a string on an elastic foundation and the fracture phenomenon is predicted by the incubation time criterion. The results state the possibility of considerable decrease in threshold amplitude by a proper choice of the frequency of a background excitation.

DYNAMIC MIXED MODE FRACTURE INITIATION IN ROCK^+

In this paper, a distortion dynamic strain energy density factor criterion for dynamic mixed-mode fracture initiation in rock is suggested.The results of the investigation on 14 three-point bending (TPB) and four-point bending(FPB) rock specimens tested u

Research on dynamic stabilityrotational speed range of rolling projectiles with different characteristics

Traditional dynamic stability analyses of the rolling projectiles are mainly based on solving the systems＇ transfer functions or angular motion＇ s homogeneous equations to obtain their charac- teristic roots. The solving processes of these methods are complex and lacking further analysis of the results. To solve this problem, Routh stability criterion is introduced to determine the stability of rolling missiles based on the transfer function model, and an important advantage of this method is that it is unnecessary to solve the system＇ s characteristic equation. Rotational speed ranges satisfy- ing the dynamic stability of rolling projectiles with four different characteristics are acquired, and the correctness of analysis results is verified by computing the system＇ s root locus. The analysis results show that the relation between stability and rotational speed for static stable missiles is opposite to that for spin-stabilized projectiles, and the relative size of gyroscopic effect and Magnus effect has an extremely important influence on the trend of the stability of the system with increasing rotational speed.

Managing Populations with Unimodal Dynamics

In this work, we analyzed the impact of interventions on populations which exhibit unimodal dynamics. The six landmarks that characterize the “shape” of the unimodal reproduction curve f ( x ) of the difference equation, X n+1 = f ( X n )?, are defined and used in order to examine and determine the behavior of dynamics of populations. By using the Li-Yorke criterion for determination of chaos we propose a qualitative intervention rule that can be applied without any explicit population equation. This proposed strategy for intervention brings out many interesting behaviors in population dynamics. A qualitative decision rule can be applied with a straight edge without any population equation and therefore offers a robust strategy for the management of populations.

Study on Relation Between Dynamic Pattern of Regional Vertical Strain Rate and Several Strong Earthquakes such as Lijiang(M_s7.0)and Menyuan(M_s6.4)Earthquakes

Making use of the method of obtaining regional vertical strain rate from regional preciseleveling data and gaining dynamic pattern combining with deformation data on spanningfaults, the regional vertical strain dynamic evolution characteristics of several moderatelystrong earthquakes such as Lijiang (M_s 7.0) and Menyuan (M_s 6.4) earthquakes occurredin crustal deformation monitoring areas located in the western Yunnan and Qilianshan-Hexiregion. Based on the above-mentioned facts, by studying the time-space nonhomogeneity andstrain energy accumulation status, some criteria for judging the medium. and short-termstrong seismic risk regions according to the regional vertical strain rate dynamic informationare proposed.

Some Observations on Bridges Dynamic Behaviour

The paper presents rather some conclusions from large investigations over dynamic behaviour of bridges under travelling loads. There, as basic tool was applied the 3D-Time Space Method (3D-TSM) in edition proposed by present author. The method uses four-dimensional space, where besides of usual 3D space, the time is the fourth dimension. The bridge with simply supported steel girder is here modelled by means of theory for thin-walled bars (TWBs). In final calculations, solutions are obtained here on numerical way applying well known and simple Finite Differences Method (FDM). In consequence the task is brought to trivial determination of unknowns from set of linear algebraic equations. There, essential part of these equations is so called dynamical stiffness matrix (DSM). The last is additionally tested by Uniform Criterion (...) for evaluation of bridges Critical States (CrS).

考虑结构面震动劣化效应的岩质边坡块体动力稳定性评价

为解决岩质边坡块体在地震作用下的动力稳定性评价问题,基于结构面的循环剪切数值试验研究结构面的震动劣化效应,从而构建结构面震动劣化数学模型;结合坐标投影原理提出考虑结构面强度震动劣化效应的块体动力稳定性系数计算方法;基于数值分析法研究地震波波动特性对岩质边坡块体稳定性的影响,并进一步基于突变理论提出位移动力响应放大系数突变判据,最后形成一套以块体动力稳定性系数时程曲线和位移动力响应放大系数共同评价块体动力稳定性的评价体系,拓展地震作用下块体动力稳定性评价新思路。研究表明,结构面震动劣化效应不仅受循环剪切幅值、循环剪切次数及相对运动速度影响,还与起伏角度密切相关;通过算例证实了考虑结构面震动劣化的块体动力稳定性系数计算方法的准确性,所提出的以块体动力稳定性系数时程曲线和位移动力响应放大系数的共同评价体系更加安全可靠,将促进块体动力稳定性理论的发展,对边坡地质灾害的防治具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

基于多轴强度准则的混凝土面板应力安全评价方法研究

混凝土面板作为面板堆石坝的关键防渗结构,其应力变形安全对保障工程安全运行至关重要。目前工程中普遍采用混凝土单轴标准强度评价面板应力安全,该方法忽略了面板应力状态对其强度的影响,会对面板破坏范围作出不合理的判断,因此,提出了基于多轴强度准则的混凝土面板应力安全评价方法,该方法通过确定混凝土强度调整系数及多轴强度应力水平指标评价面板应力安全。联合基于位移多点约束法的面板精细化计算方法及改进黏弹性方法全面考虑动位移和永久变形对面板动应力的影响,细致模拟地震过程中面板破坏发展过程。以强震区狭窄河谷上240 m级特高面板坝为例,对比分析了文中提出的多轴强度方法与当前单轴强度方法判断面板破坏范围的差异,结果表明:正常蓄水期,坝肩两侧面板位于“抗压强度削减区”、河床面板均位于“抗压强度增强区”,其中河床底部面板强度增加尤为明显,两种方法判断的面板受拉破坏区基本一致,但受压破坏区存在较大差异;遭遇地震情况下,多轴强度方法判断的面板受拉破坏区略小,而两种方法受压破坏区的位置和大小均存在显著差异。鉴于单轴强度方法无法考虑面板应力分布对其强度的影响,建议采用多轴强度准则指导特高面板坝混凝土面板设计和施工。

岩石-钢纤维混凝土复合层动态抗压强度计算模型

为了研究冲击荷载下岩石-钢纤维混凝土(R-SFRC)复合层的抗压强度模型,利用分离式霍普金森压杆对花岗岩、混凝土和R-SFRC复合层进行动态冲击压缩试验,并通过回归试验结果得到R-SFRC复合层的对数型、幂函数型和强度-应变率依赖机制型3种强度模型,同时考虑R-SFRC复合层界面相互作用,基于Mohr-Coulomb强度准则建立复合层动态抗压强度计算模型。结果表明,R-SFRC复合层动态抗压强度随应变率及钢纤维掺量增大而增大;3种回归模型拟合复合层动态抗压强度试验结果的相关系数范围为0.918~0.999,其中依赖机制型模型与试验结果的相关性最大;基于Mohr-Coulomb强度准则的3种模型得到的复合层抗压强度计算值相对试验值的误差范围为-9.23%~3.16%,对数型模型的误差最大值较小。R-SFRC复合层动态抗压强度计算模型可为混凝土支护隧道围岩设计提供理论基础。

带球封头的钛合金耐压结构深海碰撞动屈曲研究

钛合金深海装备在水下作业时可能会与海山、礁石等海底固定物发生碰撞,这种在高应力状态下发生的冲击碰撞可能会对钛合金结构稳定性造成很大的影响。目前,学术界对于这种在双重载荷环境下发生的结构稳定性问题并没有太多的研究,也没有可供参考的经验公式。在钛合金材料动态力学性能试验的基础上,结合理论分析和大量数值模拟,建立在碰撞力集中载荷和均布压力共同作用下钛合金球柱组合结构的动屈曲判断准则,所得结果可以为深海装备水下航行安全性提供重要参考。