Flow behaviour constitutive model of CuCrZr alloy and 35CrMo steel based on dynamic recrystallization softening effect under elevated temperature

In order to study the effect of dynamic recrystallization on the metal flow behavior during thermal deformation,the elevated temperature compression experiments of CuCrZr alloy and 35CrMo steel are carried out using Gleeble-3810 thermal simulator.It is proved that the samples underwent obvious dynamic recrystallization behavior during thermal deformation by microstructure observation of deformed specimens.The size of recrystallized grains increases as the temperature improved and the strain rate decreased.Meanwhile,the net softening rate caused by dynamic recrystallization is determined based on the stress-dislocation relationship.It can be found that the value of net softening rate increases quadratically as the Z parameter decreases,and the dynamic recrystallization net softening rate of CuCrZr alloy and 35CrMo steel are calculated to be 21.9%and 29.8%,respectively.Based on the dynamic recrystallization softening effect proposed,the novel elevated temperature flow constitutive models of two different alloys are proposed,and the related parameters are well defined and solved in detail.The predicted values of the obtained models are agreed well with the experimental values.

Nonlinear coupling modeling and dynamics analysis of rotating flexible beams with stretching deformation effect

Dynamic coupling modeling and analysis of rotating beams based on the nonlinear Green-Lagrangian strain are introduced in this work.With the reservation of the axial nonlinear strain,there are more coupling terms for axial and transverse deformations.The discretized dynamic governing equations are obtained by using the finite element method and Lagrange’s equations of the second kind.Time responses are conducted to compare the proposed model with other previous models.The stretching deformation due to rotating motion is observed and calculated by special formulations under dynamic equilibrium.The stretching deformation and the change of the associated equilibrium position are taken into account to analyze the free vibration and frequency response of the rotating beams.Analytical and numerical comparisons show that the proposed model can provide reliable results,while the previous models may lead to imprecise results,especially in high-speed conditions.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Offshore Wind Turbine Blades

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THIN RECTANGULAR PLATE ATTACHED TO MOVING RIGID

A nonlinear dynamic model of a thin rectangular plate attached to a moving rigid was established by employing the general Hamilton＇s variational principle. Based on the new model, it is proved theoretically that both phenomena of dynamic stiffening and dynamic softening can occur in the plate when the rigid undergoes different large overall motions including overall translational and rotary motions. It was also proved that dynamic softening effect even can make the trivial equilibrium of the plate lose its stability through bifurcation. Assumed modes method was employed to validate the theoretical result and analyze the approximately critical bifurcation value and the postbuckling equilibria.

A nonlinear explicit dynamic GBT formulation for modeling impact response of thin-walled steel members

A nonlinear explicit dynamic finite element formulation based on the generalized beam theory(GBT)is proposed and developed to simulate the dynamic responses of prismatic thin-walled steel members under transverse impulsive loads.Considering the rate strengthening and thermal softening effects on member impact behavior,a modified Cowper-Symonds model for constructional steels is utilized.The element displacement field is built upon the superposition of GBT cross-section deformation modes,so arbitrary deformations such as cross-section distortions,local buckling and warping shear can all be involved by the proposed model.The amplitude function of each cross-section deformation mode is approximated by the cubic non-uniform B-spline basis functions.The Kirchhoff s thin-plate assumption is utilized in the construction of the bending related displacements.The Green-Lagrange strain tensor and the second Piola-Kirchhoff(PK2)stress tensor are employed to measure deformations and stresses at any material point,where stresses are assumed to be in plane-stress state.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed GBT model,three numerical cases involving impulsive loading of the thin-walled parts are given.The GBT results are compared with those of the Ls-Dyna shell finite element.It is shown that the proposed model and the shell finite element analysis has equivalent accuracy in displacement and stress.Moreover,the proposed model is much more computationally efficient and structurally clearer than the shell finite elements.

Vertical dynamic response characteristics of single pile in non-homogeneous soil layers

A computational method and a mechanical model for evaluating the vertical dynamic harmonic response characteristics of a single pile embedded in non-homogeneous soil layers and subjected to harmonic loadings were established based on a certain assumption and the improved dynamic model of beam-on-Winkler foundation by using the principle of soil dynamics and structure dynamics. Both non-homogeneity of soil strata and softening effect of soil layer around the pile during vibration were simultaneously taken into account in the proposed computational model. It is shown through the comparative study on a numerical example that the numerical results of dynamic response of the single pile computed by the proposed method are relatively rational and can well agree with the numerical results computed from the well-known software of finite element method. Finally the parametric studies were conducted for a varied range of main parameters to discuss the effects of relevant factors on dynamic responses of the single pile embedded in non-homogeneous layered soils excited by harmonic loading with different frequencies.

Study on Rigid-Flexible Coupling Effects of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

In order to account for rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, a nonlinear rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is proposed in this paper. The proposed nonlinear coupled model takes the higher-order axial displacements into account, which are usually neglected in the conventional linear dynamic model. Subsequently,investigations on the dynamic differences between the proposed nonlinear dynamic model and the linear one are conducted. The results demonstrate that the stiffness of the turbine blades in the proposed nonlinear dynamic model increases with larger overall motions but that in the linear dynamic model declines with larger overall motions.Deformation of the blades in the nonlinear dynamic model is more reasonable than that in the linear model as well.Additionally, more distinct coupling effects are observed in the proposed nonlinear model than those in the linear model. Finally, it shows that the aerodynamic loads, the structural loads and global dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines using the nonlinear dynamic model are slightly smaller than those using the linear dynamic model. In summary, compared with the conventional linear dynamic model, the proposed nonlinear coupling dynamic model is a higher-order dynamic model in consideration of the rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, and accord more perfectly with the engineering facts.

大范围运动刚体-柔性梁刚柔耦合动力学分析

对自由大范围运动情况下刚体-柔性梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学特性进行了研究。考虑系统作平面大范围运动及柔性梁的纵向和横向变形,在纵向变形位移中计及横向弯曲引起的轴向缩短,即耦合变形项。采用假设模态法对柔性梁进行离散,运用拉格朗日方程推导出系统刚柔耦合动力学方程。分大范围运动为转动、平动,平面运动进行了动力学仿真,重点探讨了大范围平动下的刚体-柔性梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学特性。首先研究了系统在外界激励作用下的耦合动力学,其次分析了已知大范围平动对柔性梁小变形运动的影响。结果表明:零次近似模型不能反映大范围平动和柔性梁小变形运动之间的耦合作用;在不同的大范围平动加速度下,柔性梁中既可存在动力刚化效应,也可存在动力柔化效应。

考虑离心刚化效应的旋转风力机叶片动力特性分析

风机叶片的动力特性直接影响到风力发电机组整体的动力特性,对旋转叶片动力特性的研究是必要的。叶片在旋转过程中由于重力和离心力的作用,将会产生离心刚化效应,从而改变叶片自身的动力特性。基于空间面的概念,本文应用有限元理论计算了随时间和转速二维坐标变化的叶片节点轴力面和叶片的前三阶自振频率面,同时引入刚化系数的概念,定量地描述了叶片的刚化程度,并给出了频率修正公式,结果分析表明本文采用的方法可以模拟旋转叶片产生离心刚化效应后的动力特性,更准确地反映叶片的实际动力特性。

水-动力耦合作用下红砂岩力学性质及能量机制研究

以干燥试样为对照,对自然、吸水和饱水3类含水试样进行单轴冲击试验,分析水-动力耦合作用下红砂岩试样的动态强度与变形特征以及损伤破坏前后的能量演化机制。试验结果表明:试样的动态抗压强度和峰值应变受含水率和冲击荷载影响较大,而峰值模量主要受含水率影响较为明显,这是由于红砂岩在水弱化作用下颗粒结构疏松膨胀、胶结强度减弱,加之在中高应变率下孔隙水所具有的细观力学效应,致使试样表现出低强度和高应变,而冲击荷载带来的应变率效应则使试样强度增强,塑性变形受到抑制;试样峰值点前吸收的总应变能U多以可释放弹性能Ue存储起来,耗散能Ud占比较小,各部分应变能随着脉冲强度的升高而增加,但随着含水率的变化趋势则不尽相同;不同脉冲强度下的脆性指标修正值BIM(Ud与Ue的比值)显示红砂岩试样的含水率以及冲击荷载的脉冲强度均存在一个阀值,使其塑性变形在水-动力耦合作用下的响应截然不同,而引入的有效冲击能指标K_(eff)显示应变率效应对干燥试样和自然试样的冲击倾向性具有显著影响,对于含水率较高的吸水试样,水弱化作用降低了应变率效应,达到饱水状态时,因为饱和液体对应变率效应的促进作用,饱水试样的应变率效应得到强化。

加筋板结构在水下爆炸冲击波作用下动态响应的近似相似方法研究

提出了同时考虑流固耦合和材料应变率强化效应时,加筋板结构在水下爆炸冲击波作用下动态响应的相似条件。在此基础上,提出了该问题的近似相似方法。该方法通过在模型和原型之间建立一个修正模型,达到利用修正模型的冲击响应近似预报原型响应的目的。最后提出了利用缩比模型试验预报原型冲击塑性变形的模型化试验方法。文中结论可用于指导利用模型试验预报船体局部板架在水下爆炸冲击波作用下动态响应。

平动柔性矩形薄板的动力学特性与屈曲分析

应用Hamilton变分原理建立了平动状态下对边简支对边自由矩形薄板的非线性动力学方程 ,分别应用假设模态法和康特洛维奇法分析了板的前 4阶近似振动频率、临界分岔值及板的前 3阶后屈曲近似解 ,并比较了取不同阶数假设模态对分析结果的影响 .分析表明整体平动可使柔性多体系统中的柔性构件产生动力刚化和动力软化效应 ,且软化效应还可使系统平衡位置发生分岔而失稳 ;在动力刚化和动力软化情况下 ,柔性构件模态出现的顺序均可能发生改变 ,此性质在柔性多体系统动力学简化建模特别是模态截断时应引起足够的重视 .

大范围运动刚体上矩形薄板力学行为分析

采用Hamilton变分原理建立了大范围运动平板的动力学模型.从理论上证明了不同大范围运动状态下平板中既可存在动力刚化效应,也可存在动力软化效应,且动力软化效应还可使板的平衡状态发生分岔而失稳.采用假设模态法验证了理论分析结果并得到了分岔临界值和近似后屈曲解.

原型和模型不同材料时加筋板冲击动态响应的相似预报方法

根据Π定律提出了加筋板结构在水下爆炸冲击波作用下模型和原型动态响应相似的条件。在此基础上,考虑到加筋板模型制造加工过程中的工艺和成本等因素,提出了利用普通钢加筋板模型预报船体钢加筋板原型在水下爆炸冲击波作用下动态响应的相似预报方法。该方法考虑了流固耦合和材料应变率强化效应等因素的影响,可用于指导利用常用的普通钢模型试验预报实船局部板架在水下爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应。

非均质土层中单桩水平简谐动力响应特性的数值分析

运用土动力学和结构动力学原理,基于改进的Winkler地基梁模型,同时考虑桩侧土的弱化效应和地基土层的成层非均质性,采用数理方程方法分别求解土与桩的振动方程,建立了水平荷载作用下单桩侧向简谐动力响应特性分析的计算力学模型和方法,并将所得结果与有限元计算结果进行对比分析,验证了所提出的计算方法的合理性。通过对影响单桩水平简谐动力响应特性的各相关参数进行变动参数分析,总结出了各影响参数对单桩水平简谐动力响应特性的一般影响规律。

强离心场下旋转型行波超声电机定子动力学分析与试验

研究了强离心场下旋转型行波超声电机定子的动力学特性,分析了离心刚化效应对定子的影响。通过计算离心力做的功(或称为离心势能)推导出因离心刚化效应引起的附加刚度矩阵,进而得到强离心场下定子的特性矩阵(包括质量矩阵和刚度矩阵),求解得到定子的模态参数;并根据压电陶瓷的孤极区反馈的电压信号,确定了高旋环境下定子的固有频率;总结了强离心场下超声电机定子动力学特性变化规律,给出了高旋环境下超声电机的驱动控制应对策略,为高旋环境下超声电机的应用奠定基础。

不同尺寸混凝土的动态峰值应力-应变关系及峰后软化特性的研究

采用电液伺服大型多功能动静三轴仪对不同应变速率(10-5/s,10-4/s,10-3/s,10-2/s)下不同尺寸(150,300,450 mm)的立方体混凝土试件进行单轴动态压缩试验,对不同尺寸混凝土动态物理力学参数(峰值应力、峰值应变)、实验破坏机理及峰后应变软化进行分析,并对不同尺寸混凝土在不同的应变速率下的软化性能进行研究。研究结果表明:混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变都随试件尺寸增大而降低;混凝土强度随着应变速率的增加而增加;峰值应变后,随着试件尺寸增加,应力-应变曲线斜率绝对值增加,延性减小;试件尺寸为150 mm混凝土的软化现象随着应变速率的提高而愈加明显,且软化程度呈增加趋势,试件尺寸为300 mm和450 mm混凝土的软化现象随着应变速率的提高而变得越来越弱化,当应变速率增加到一定值时,软化现象又变得明显;在同一应变速率下,随试件尺寸的增加软化现象越来越明显。

工作面端头L形区煤柱体诱发冲击机理及防治研究

为了研究深部开采工作面端头L形区煤柱体失稳诱发两类典型的巷帮冲击地压,基于宝积山煤矿705综放工作面5次冲击地压显现与工作面推进位置关系,分析了一定围压条件下煤柱体的受力状态和力学响应,并推导出了煤柱体失稳破坏与作用载荷的关系。利用FLAC3D软件应变软化模型模拟研究了集中静载荷和动载荷组合作用下煤柱体的应力-应变特性,结果表明:初始静载荷变化对煤柱体失稳发生冲击的影响作用要高于动载荷变化,集中静载荷起储存冲击能作用,动载荷起诱发冲击作用。提出锚网索支护+高压水射流巷帮卸压协同作用防治巷道冲击地压方法,模拟分析显示围岩应力分布满足强弱强(3S)三重防冲结构,围岩结构弯矩分布均匀合理。本研究为协同作用防治巷道冲击地压提供了理论依据。

精密高速电主轴动力学特性及轴承刚度软化分析

针对某精密高速电主轴系统,介绍主轴的系统结构,分析其高速加工状态下的特点和影响要素,对主轴和轴承采用有限元建模方法,用弹簧阻尼单元模拟主轴轴承支承。对不同弹簧单元布置形式下主轴系统的静力学特性,谐响应和模态进行了分析研究。在主轴高速加工的状态下,采用有限元法研究了基于高速旋转状态下轴承软化效应的主轴系统动特性,结果表明该种方法对于高速运行状态下能一定程度对动力学特性的变化规律进行仿真模拟,为快速分析高速下由于轴承软化现象引起的系统固有频率变化提供了一种思路。

2024铝合金动态力学本构模型构建

利用电子万能试验机和Hopkinson杆,结合准静态和动态的试验方式,在大范围应变率（10-4～103）内进行了拉伸和压缩测试。根据试验数据,绘制了不同应变率下的真实应力应变曲线,构建了2024铝合金材料的动态本构模型。结果表明,2024铝合金是应变率不敏感材料；高应变率下,韧性降低,脆性增大；2024铝合金表现出明显的温度软化效应,随着应变的增大,试验件温度升高,温度软化效应放大；本构模型在大范围应变率内能精确预测动态力学性能。