Time-Lapse Full-Waveform Inversion Using Cross-Correlation-Based Dynamic Time Warping

Offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage(OCCUS) is regarded as a crucial technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.Quantitative monitoring maps of sealed carbon dioxide are necessary in a comprehensive OCCUS project. A potential high-resolution method for the aforementioned purpose lies in the full-waveform inversion(FWI) of time-lapse seismic data. However, practical applications of FWI are severely restricted by the well-known cycle-skipping problem. A new time-lapse FWI method using cross-correlation-based dynamic time warping(CDTW) is proposed to detect changes in the subsurface property due to carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) injection and address the aforementioned issue. The proposed method, namely CDTW, which combines the advantages of cross-correlation and dynamic time warping, is employed in the automatic estimation of the discrepancy between the seismic signals simulated using the baseline/initial model and those acquired. The proposed FWI method can then back-project the estimated discrepancy to the subsurface space domain, thereby facilitating retrieval of the induced subsurface property change by taking the difference between the inverted baseline and monitor models. Numerical results on pairs of signals prove that CDTW can obtain reliable shifts under amplitude modulation and noise contamination conditions. The performance of CDTW substantially outperforms that of the conventional dynamic time warping method. The proposed time-lapse fullwaveform inversion(FWI) method is applied to the Frio-2 CO_(2) storage model. The baseline and monitor models are inverted from the corresponding time-lapse seismic data. The changes in velocity due to CO_(2) injection are reconstructed by the difference between the baseline and the monitor models.

基于PCA-ShapeDTW-QWGRU的分布式光伏集群短期功率预测

针对分布式光伏短期功率预测建立基于主成分分析、改进的动态时间规整算法与量子加权门控循环单元(PCAShapeDTW-QWGRU)的集群功率预测模型。针对集群划分不够精细、光伏电站数据蕴含的信息难以捕捉的问题,提出基于主成分分析结合密度聚类算法(PCA-OPTICS)的集群划分方法;针对目前选取代表电站与集群相似性较低的问题,提出基于改进的动态时间规整算法(ShapeDTW)的代表电站的选取方法,利用ShapeDTW度量相似性距离,选取最小值作为代表电站,并利用基于均方根传播梯度下降法优化的量子加权门控循环单元(RMSprop-QWGRU)模型进行预测;为了解决代表电站与集群功率的变换系数转换差异较大的问题,采用实时变换系数对代表电站进行集群功率值预测计算。实验结果表明,所提方法能有效提升光伏集群功率预测的精度。

基于改进DTW算法的永磁同步电机失磁故障模拟与诊断

为实现永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)失磁故障模拟与失磁故障程度诊断,提出一种基于改进的动态时间规整(dynamic time warping,DTW)算法的故障波形诊断方法。首先,对永磁同步电机进行机理分析和模拟,采集不同程度失磁故障下的电机转速波形数据集。其次,使用改进DTW算法拟合失磁故障程度最佳路径曲线方程。然后,根据定子电流的频率谐波分量确定电机是否发生失磁故障。最后,使用改进DTW算法对失磁故障波形数据进行故障程度诊断。实验表明,该方法对故障波形数据进行处理后,可以快速准确地计算出故障波形的故障程度,该方法具备较强的稳定性和实时性。

Partition of GB-InSAR deformation map based on dynamic time warping and k-means

Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar(GB-InSAR)can take deformation measurement with a high accuracy.Partition of the GB-InSAR deformation map benefits analyzing the deformation state of the monitoring scene better.Existing partition methods rely on labelled datasets or single deformation feature,and they cannot be effectively utilized in GBInSAR applications.This paper proposes an improved partition method of the GB-InSAR deformation map based on dynamic time warping(DTW)and k-means.The DTW similarities between a reference point and all the measurement points are calculated based on their time-series deformations.Then the DTW similarity and cumulative deformation are taken as two partition features.With the k-means algorithm and the score based on multi evaluation indexes,a deformation map can be partitioned into an appropriate number of classes.Experimental datasets of West Copper Mine are processed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,whose measurement points are divided into seven classes with a score of 0.3151.

Grey incidence clustering method based on multidimensional dynamic time warping distance

The traditional grey incidence degree is mainly based on the distance analysis methods, which is measured by the displacement difference between corresponding points between sequences. When some data of sequences are missing (inconsistency in the length of the sequences), the only way is to delete the longer sequences or to fill the shorter sequences. Therefore, some uncertainty is introduced. To solve this problem, by introducing three-dimensional grey incidence degree (3D-GID), a novel GID based on the multidimensional dynamic time warping distance (MDDTW distance-GID) is proposed. On the basis of it, the corresponding grey incidence clustering (MDDTW distance-GIC) method is constructed. It not only has the simpler computation process, but also can be applied to the incidence comparison between uncertain multidimensional sequences directly. The experiment shows that MDDTW distance-GIC is more accurate when dealing with the uncertain sequences. Compared with the traditional GIC method, the precision of the MDDTW distance-GIC method has increased nearly 30%.

Method of Time Series Similarity Measurement Based on Dynamic Time Warping

With the rapid development of mobile communication all over the world,the similarity of mobile phone communication data has received widely attention due to its advantage for the construction of smart cities.Mobile phone communication data can be regarded as a type of time series and dynamic time warping(DTW)and derivative dynamic time warping(DDTW)are usually used to analyze the similarity of these data.However,many traditional methods only calculate the distance between time series while neglecting the shape characteristics of time series.In this paper,a novel hybrid method based on the combination of dynamic time warping and derivative dynamic time warping is proposed.The new method considers not only the distance between time series,but also the shape characteristics of time series.We demonstrated that our method can outperform DTW and DDTW through extensive experiments with respect to cophenetic correlation.

Hand Gesture Recognition by Accelerometer-Based Cluster Dynamic Time Warping

Aiming at the diversity of hand gesture traces by different people,the article presents novel method called cluster dynamic time warping( CDTW),which is based on the main axis classification and sample clustering of individuals. This method shows good performance on reducing the complexity of recognition and strong robustness of individuals. Data acquisition is implemented on a triaxial accelerometer with 100 Hz sampling frequency. A database of 2400 traces was created by ten subjects for the system testing and evaluation. The overall accuracy was found to be 98. 84% for user independent gesture recognition and 96. 7% for user dependent gesture recognition,higher than dynamic time warping( DTW),derivative DTW( DDTW) and piecewise DTW( PDTW) methods.Computation cost of CDTW in this project has been reduced 11 520 times compared with DTW.

基于DTW距离的普通话轻声音变差异分析

为了量化轻声音节相对于非轻声音节的变化量,本实验基于“动态时间规整”(DTW)算法,计算了普通话轻声音节变调前后最小对立对内的声学距离(EX)、重复相同非轻声音节的距离(NIN)和重复相同轻声音节的距离(QIN)。用EX距离、NIN距离和QIN距离的差值(EX-NIN和EX-QIN)作为测量轻声音变引起的声学距离变化的参数。结果表明,EX距离显著大于NIN距离和QIN距离。从方差及最大值的情况上,可以看出NIN的分散性较小,数值较稳定。不同发音的人在轻声变化量上存在很大的差异。不同词汇项间存在显著差异,且差异较大;零声母音节的轻声变化最大,说明轻声变化中元音的变化大于辅音的变化。不同双音节声调组合的轻声变化量之间也存在显著差异,当前字是上声时后字轻声音变改变量最小,当前字是去声时后字轻声音变改变量最大;性别对轻声无显著影响;框架句对轻声变化量的影响稍大,无框架句的轻声变化量大于有框架句的变化量。

基于多尺度LDTW和TCN的空间负荷预测方法

空间负荷预测为合理建设和使用变电站、馈线等提供了重要的指导,成为配电网规划中不可或缺的一部分。配电网规划的精细化产生了大量高分辨率的负荷数据,社会的快速发展使得地块的用电特征日趋复杂。当前的空间负荷预测没有充分考虑负荷数据之间的时间特性,且在预测过程中也未考虑到不同类型地块间可能存在的负荷峰值出现时间不一致问题。为此,提出一种空间负荷预测方法,通过基于多尺度限制对齐路径长度(LDTW)的谱聚类分析用户的负荷曲线在形状上的相似性,并提取不同地块的典型用电行为,以进一步分类确定同类型地块对应的同时率。多尺度LDTW通过限制序列之间匹配步长的上限来抑制病态匹配的产生,提高曲线相似性的综合评估能力。根据聚类结果筛选适合待预测区域的训练样本并构建基于时间卷积网络(TCN)的回归预测模型,将预测结果基于地块各自的同时率进行聚合,实现空间负荷预测。实验结果表明:该方法加强了对负荷曲线形状的分析和对不同类型地块同时率的区分,在聚类方面,DBI指数达到0.57,VI指数达到0.31;在预测方面,相对误差达到1.93%,决定系数达到0.941,相比其他典型方法均取得了较大改善。

基于DTW时序距离的故障可诊断性评估方法

对装备中具体故障进行可诊断性评估,可以量化地表明故障被诊断的难易程度。针对故障可诊断性评价方法中存在的不客观及度量方法选择不恰当的问题,提出一种基于动态时间规整(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)的时序距离度量方法。定义可诊断性评估模型,从实际系统中抽取系统的结构、信号、测试、故障模式4种要素,为故障可诊断性评估工作的开展打下基础。摒弃传统的从信号中提取特征进行相似性度量的做法,将信号看做时序序列,基于DTW方法衡量不同状态下各信号之间的相似程度,作为故障可诊断性的评估依据。使用动量轮系统对新方法进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明新方法在进行可诊断性评估方面具有客观性和有效性。

Efficient Dynamic Time Warping by Adaptively Controlling the Valid Warping Range

Dynamic time warping(DTW)spends most of the time in generating the correlation table,and it establishes the global path constraints to reduce the time complexity.However,the global constraints restrain just in terms of the time axis.In this paper,we therefore propose another version of DTW,to be called branch-and-bound DTW(BnB-DTW),which adaptively controb its global path constraints by reflecting the contents of input patterns. Experimental results show that the suggested BnB-DTW algorithm performs more efficiently than other conventional DTW approaches while not increasing the optimal warping cost.

基于DTW-两阶四分位的分布式光伏发电异常数据辨识

设备故障、天气环境等因素导致分布式光伏发电系统产生大量异常数据,对其安全稳定运行造成严重影响。为了准确识别和剔除存在的异常数据,提出一种基于动态时间弯曲(DTW)-两阶四分位的分布式光伏发电异常数据辨识方法。首先,通过对比相似辐照度下光伏功率均值实现连续型异常数据识别与剔除,采用基于同时段光伏功率均值剔除异常数据,并考虑光伏发电曲线的波动性,采用基于DTW与欧氏距离的综合曲线相似度判定方法剔除连续型异常数据,更全面地考虑了数据的波动特性,提高了连续型异常数据辨识和剔除效果;其次,提出DTW-两阶四分位异常数据辨识算法,采用一阶变化率和二阶变化率对融合后的数据进行离散型异常数据剔除,有效识别和剔除离散型异常数据;最后,根据异常数据识别和剔除结果判断是否出现故障。实验结果表明:所提算法剔除异常数据后能更好地拟合正常光伏功率数据分布情况,相较于四分位法和3-Sigma算法,所提算法剔除异常数据前后线性相关程度变化分别提高了58.15%和68.41%,辨识效果更佳。

基于改进型DTW的语音识别系统的设计与实现

大部分系统使用深度学习技术完成语音识别任务,并取得良好的效果。但是,基于深度学习的语音识别技术对计算机硬件算力的要求较高,同时需要大量的语音样本对语音识别模型进行训练。针对这些问题,基于改进后的动态时间归整(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)算法设计并实现了一个语音识别系统。

特征融合下田径录像3D人体动作DTW捕捉算法

由于不同运动员的动作风格和速度不同,导致田径录像中记录的不同运动员的人体动作序列在时间长度上存在差异,从而产生不同长度序列之间的不对齐问题。为此,提出特征融合下田径录像三维(3D)人体动作动态时间规整(DTW)捕捉算法。将田径录像中提取的人体动作数据转换为3D坐标序列,表示人体各部位的位置和动作,获取人体动作的深度图序列,利用梯度局部各向异性系数(GLAC)和稀疏时间梯度自相关(STACOG)分析深度图局部区域的梯度特性以及时间自相关性。利用Canny算子提取每帧深度图的边缘轮廓,结合小波变换和k-means聚类分析人体轮廓的动态变化特征。通过Kinect设备获取人体骨骼点的3D坐标信息,采用主成分分析(PCA)方法将3D空间坐标、关节角度等多个特征融合到一个特征空间中,通过补帧和删帧操作进行预处理,选择最重要的主成分构建新的低维特征空间。利用DTW计算视频序列的相似性,从而捕捉田径录像中不同长度序列的3D人体动作。实验结果表明,该算法捕捉田径录像3D人体动作的准确程度高达99.07%,面对复杂程度较高的动作时,该算法捕捉到的人体动作与实际动作的相似度始终保持在97%以上。此外,所提算法提取到的人体动作轮廓特征线条流畅、连续,且与实际动作高度一致。

改进DTW下界约束的Granger多元时序LSTM预测模型

多元时序的因果预测研究是探讨复杂网络响应关系的热点问题。提出一种通过DTW的下界约束组合并改进的层级过滤器,与格兰杰因果验证法相结合验证其因果统计量,挖掘出有效信息实现有效降维,进一步输入LSTM预测模型进行因果预测。仿真实验利用开源的空气质量数据集进行定量和定性对比验证,该方法的损失函数训练曲线和测试曲线有较好的拟合度,表明该因果预测法是可行且有效的。

基于DTW的轮廓特征目标识别算法

为提升传统目标轮廓识别算法的实时性,提出一种基于动态时间规整(dynamic time warping, DTW)的轮廓特征目标识别算法。该算法将质心高度增量特征描述符与DTW相似性度量算法相结合,首先对目标轮廓均匀提取采样点,并对目标图像以及模板图像轮廓点的质心高度增量特征进行提取,然后使用DTW算法寻找规整路径的方法对目标图像以及模板图像的特征矩阵进行相似性度量,最后定义形状复杂度,同时联合翻转目标的二次匹配得出最终识别结果。实验结果表明,所提出算法在MPEG-7、Kimia99数据集中对待测形状能够在保证识别率优于大多数常见的传统目标识别算法的同时提升目标识别的实时性。

基于MFCC提取和DTW优化的连续音频识别算法设计

介绍了一种新型的利用梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)提取和动态时间规整技术(DTW)优化的连续音频识别算法。首先对数学原理与算法步骤进行设计与规划,使用大规模音频数据库进行预处理,经过时域和频域分析提取相应的特征;然后利用双门限法把连续音频切分为不同的音频块,并对切分部分进行针对性识别,将其与时频域数据库的模板进行匹配比对,实现了较好的连续音频识别效果,在时域和频域识别上的准确性均能达到89%。该研究成果可应用于钢琴教学系统的开发,尤其是在辅助学习者正确弹出曲谱方面具有广阔的应用前景。

DTW算法支持下的线状要素连续地图综合方法

面向线状地图要素连续尺度变换问题,本文提出了一种DTW算法支持下的连续综合方法。该方法基于尺度融合的思想,将同一地理实体在大小两种比例尺下以不同的几何表达作为输入,首先基于DTW算法建立两种几何表达坐标顶点之间的对应关系;然后采用线性内插方法动态派生任意中间尺度上几何数据,从而实现连续地图综合。顶点之间对应关系的正确性,直接决定了线性内插的结果,而同一实体在不同比例尺下的几何表达往往具有不同的坐标点数,顶点之间具有一对多的对应关系。为寻求最优顶点匹配方案,以顶点距离作为匹配代价,以整体最小距离作为目标函数,采用DTW算法求解最优匹配。试验结果表明,基于DTW的顶点匹配方法可适应不同的地图综合场景,该方法支持下的地图综合效果可实现连续、光滑的渐变,符合地图表达规则和人类空间认知。

DTW算法在地震时间序列信息挖掘中的应用

采用DTW算法用于实现地震时间序列“异常形态”的回溯性检验与统计,以此提高地震异常信息的深度挖掘效率。随机选取太原地震监测中心站(以下简称太原站)水平摆观测的一段数据作为测试数据,验证该方法的可行性,并利用昔阳地震监测站(以下简称昔阳站)水平摆实际观测数据,自动识别出自观测以来受降雨影响的异常形态。在此基础上,将最近一次数据变化作为模板,进行回溯性检验,共提取出7次类似变化,与之前总结的异常特征一致。经分析,其中4次异常之后对应了太原盆地及其周围M3.6以上地震,运用R值评分对其进行预报效能评估,结果显示该异常形态可通过预报效能检验(R=0.52,R_(0)=0.45),其最佳预测时间为50~90 d内,可作为短期预测指标。

基于DTW-KiBaM模型的锂电池SOC估计

锂离子电池工作温度及老化程度是影响其荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)估计算法准确性的关键因素.在二阶RC等效电路模型的基础上,提出了一种由动态时间规整算法(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)与KiBaM模型(Kinetic Battery Model,KiBaM)相结合的混合模型.利用DTW算法基于充电电压数据确定电池老化状态,通过KiBaM模型计算电池由于电流效应导致的不可用容量,结合二阶RC等效电路模型推导新的SOC计算矩阵,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)实现SOC估计.基于城市道路循环工况(Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule,UDDS)验证了混合模型的准确性,实验结果表明,在10℃低温环境或经过200次循环老化后工作的锂离子电池,模型估计SOC的最大误差小于2%.