Optimal Dynamic Voltage Restorer Using Water Cycle Optimization Algorithm

This paper proposes a low complexity control scheme for voltage control of a dynamic voltage restorer(DVR)in a three-phase system.The control scheme employs the fractional order,proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID)controller to improve on the DVR performance in order to enhance the power quality in terms of the response time,steady-state error and total harmonic distortion(THD).The result obtained was compared with fractional order,proportionalintegral(FOPI),proportional-integral-derivative(PID)and proportional-integral(PI)controllers in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed DVR control scheme.A water cycle optimization algorithm(WCA)was utilized to find the optimal set for all the controller gains.They were used to solve four power quality issues;balanced voltage sag,balanced voltage swell,unbalanced voltage sag,and unbalanced voltage swell.It showed that one set of controller gain obtained from the WCA could solve all the power quality issues while the others in the literature needed an individual set of optimal gain for each power quality problem.To prove the concept,the proposed DVR algorithm was simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software and the results revealed that the four optimal controllers can compensate for all the power quality problems.A comparative analysis of the results in various aspects of their dynamic response and%THD was discussed and analyzed.It was found that PID controller yields the most rapid performance in terms of average response time while FOPID controller yields the best performance in term of average%steady-state error.FOPI controller was found to provide the lowest THD percentage in the average%THD.FOPID did not differ much in average response from the PID and average%THD from FOPI;however,FOPID provided the most outstanding average steady-state error.According to the CBMA curve,the dynamic responses of all controllers fall in the acceptable power quality area.The total harmonic distortion(THD)of the compensated load voltage from all the controllers were within the 8%limit in accordance to the IEEE std.519-2014.

An Equivalent Fundamental and Odd Harmonic Resonators Controller for a Single-phase Dynamic Voltage Restorer

为提高单相动态电压恢复器（dynamic voltage restorer,DVR）的补偿性能,提出一种基于等效基波及奇次谐波谐振器组的数字控制方法。采用可等效为一组谐振器的延时模块,能够有效抑制电网基波和谐波扰动。给出一种包含两个控制参数和一组零相移陷波滤波器的结构及其设计方法,使系统在保证稳定性的同时,获得较大的谐振增益。其中,延时环节衰减系数可增加谐振器组鲁棒性;控制器比例增益可解决零相移陷波器中使用延时带来的问题;零相移陷波器组既能对消LC谐振峰,也能解决等效谐振器组高增益在高频处的稳定性问题。同时,引入电源电压和负载电流双前馈来保证响应速度,增加了对扰动的抑制能力。所提控制策略结构简单,谐波补偿能力强,动态响应快,易于实现。在2kW单相DVR实验装置上的实验结果验证了该控制方法的正确性。

New Control Algorithm for Capacitor Supported Dynamic Voltage Restorer

In this paper, a simple control algorithm for the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed to mitigate the power quality problems in terminal voltage such as sag, swell, harmonics, unbalance etc. Two PI (proportional-integral) controllers are used each to regulate the dc bus voltage of DVR and the load terminal voltage respectively. The fundamental component of the terminal voltage is extracted using the synchronous reference frame theory. The control signal for the series connected DVR is obtained indirectly from the extracted reference load terminal voltage. The proposed DVR control strategy is validated through extensive simulation studies using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Sim-power system (SPS) block set tool boxes.

Low-voltage ride-through capability improvement of Type-3 wind turbine through active disturbance rejection feedback control-based dynamic voltage restorer

Disconnections due to voltage drops in the grid cannot be permitted if wind turbines(WTs)contribute significantly to electricity pro-duction,as this increases the risk of production loss and destabilizes the grid.To mitigate the negative effects of these occurrences,WTs must be able to ride through the low-voltage conditions and inject reactive current to provide dynamic voltage support.This paper investigates the low-voltage ride-through(LVRT)capability enhancement of a Type-3 WT utilizing a dynamic voltage restorer(DVR).During the grid voltage drop,the DVR quickly injects a compensating voltage to keep the stator voltage constant.This paper proposes an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme to control the rotor-side,grid-side and DVR-side converters in a wind–DVR integrated network.The performance of the Type-3 WT with DVR topology is evaluated under various test conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®.These simulation results are also compared with the experimental results for the LVRT capability performed on a WT emulator equipped with a crowbar and direct current(DC)chopper.The simulation results demonstrate a favourable transient and steady-state response of the Type-3 wind turbine quantities defined by the LVRT codes,as well as improved reactive power support under balanced fault conditions.Under the most severe voltage drop of 95%,the stator currents,rotor currents and DC bus voltage are 1.25 pu,1.40 pu and 1.09 UDC,respectively,conforming to the values of the LVRT codes.DVR controlled by the ADRC technique significantly increases the LVRT capabilities of a Type-3 doubly-fed induction generator-based WT under symmetrical voltage dip events.Although setting up ADRC controllers might be challenging,the proposed method has been shown to be extremely effective in reducing all kinds of internal and external disturbances.

Energy-saving Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES)Based Interline DC Dynamic Voltage Restorer

The fast-response feature from a superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)device is favored for suppressing instantaneous voltage and power fluctuations,but the SMES coil is much more expensive than a conventional battery energy storage device.In order to improve the energy utilization rate and reduce the energy storage cost under multiple-line power distribution conditions,this paper investigates a new interline DC dynamic voltage restorer(IDC-DVR)scheme with one SMES coil shared among multiple compensating circuits.In this new concept,an improved current-voltage(I/V)chopper assembly,which has a series of input/output power ports,is introduced to connect the single SMES coil with multiple power lines,and thereby satisfy the independent energy exchange requirements of any line to be compensated.Specifically,if two or more power lines have simultaneous compensating demands,the SMES coil can be selectively controlled to compensate the preferable line according to the priority order of the line.The feasibility of the proposed scheme is technically verified to maintain the transient voltage stability in multiple-line voltage swell and sag cases caused by either output voltage fluctuations from external power sources or power demand fluctuations from local sensitive loads.The simulation results provide a technical basis to develop a cost-effective SMES-based IDC-DVR for use in various DC distribution networks.

Double-loop Control Structure Using Proportional Resonant and Sequence-decoupled Resonant Controllers in Static Coordinates for Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Among incidents on grids,the sag/swell voltage is considered as the most frequent incident.To solve this problem,custom power devices are used.In particular,the dynamic voltage restorer(DVR)is a modern and efficient customer device.DVRs are used to mitigate voltage sag/swells and harmonics on the load bus,thus protecting the sensitive loads.The DVR is a serial compensator that applies a voltage to the point of common coupling to maintain the voltage of sensitive load at the nominal value.To improve the performance of DVRs,in this study,the control strategy of the two-stage loop circuit is implemented.The external voltage control loop uses a sequence-decoupled resonant(SDR)controller,and the inner current-control loop uses the proportional resonant(PR)controller implemented in the stationary frameαβ.

Application of Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Fault Ride-Through of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Storage System

Problems in power quality such as temporary drops in grid voltage and flickers have been caught attention with the increasing capacity of the new energy grid-connected systems, such as photovoltaic(PV) and photovoltaic storage. To solve these problems, a dynamic voltage restorer(DVR) for fault ride-through of photovoltaic energy storage systems is presented. We select the appropriate DVR topology and compensation strategy for PV energy storage systems which are used as energy supply equipment for DVR. It proves to be energy-saving and solves the instability of photovoltaic output effectively. The intelligent algorithm that optimized the controller parameter of dynamic voltage restorer is used and the effectiveness of the controller strategy proposed has been assessed by time-domain simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink platform.

考虑配电网电压暂降治理经济性的DVR优化配置方法研究

针对配电网电压暂降治理的有效性和经济性问题,提出一种动态电压恢复器经济配置的电压暂降治理方法。首先,对DVR不同容量时对应的投资成本进行分析,从而准确计算DVR配置方案的总投资。然后,基于电压暂降凹陷域,结合敏感负荷的中断概率对负荷进行经济损失评估,并根据系统有功损耗计算出总电压暂降经济损失成本。最后,构建了包含DVR装置的投资成本、电压暂降时敏感负荷经济损失和系统有功损耗三种要素的优化模型,实现DVR的最优容量和接入位置。采用IEEE 33节点标准测试系统为例对所提配置方法进行验证,仿真结果证明与传统的DVR就地接入的补偿方法相比,该方法能有效降低配电网电压暂降治理的总经济成本,在保证配电网的运行可靠性的同时提高经济效益。

中压并联型DVR链式变流器主电路及参数设计

中压并联型动态电压恢复器(DVR)由快速开关(HSS)和并联电压源变流器组成。电网发生故障时HSS关断,并联变流器转入负荷电压控制运行模式,并联变流器内置的超级电容器向负荷释放能量。此处对并联链式变流器主电路进行分析与比较,设计了链式变流器功率模块直流侧滤波电路,给出了滤波电路参数设计方法,并通过仿真和实验验证了直流侧滤波电路滤波效果,给出了链式变流器并网运行实验结果。

基于改进型DVR的DFIG低、高压连续故障穿越控制策略

动态电压恢复器(Dynamic voltage restorer,DVR)因具有动态响应速度快、补偿精度高的特点被广泛应用于双馈式风电机组低电压故障穿越中,但在低、高压连续故障等复杂工况下易产生控制性能下降问题。针对该问题提出了基于扰动观测器(Disturbance observer,DOB)的改进型DVR故障穿越控制策略,推导了改进型和常规型DVR跟踪性能和抗干扰性能传递函数,通过伯德图对改进前后性能进行了对比分析。改进型DVR在常规型电压-电流双闭环控制基础上引入了扰动观测器和模型逆环节,可有效增强系统抗扰能力,并提升系统跟踪性能。最后,基于PSCAD软件平台建立了2 MW双馈式风电系统模型,在低、高压连续故障工况下,通过时域仿真验证了所提改进故障穿越方法的有效性。

基于交交变换的动态电压恢复器及其控制策略

传统的动态电压恢复器(DVR)中直流储能环节体积重量大,不易集成,交交变换技术省去实现动态电压补偿,更加经济节约。虚拟整流逆变拓扑作为主电路拓扑,结构简洁,并且能够实现自然换流;单周期控制精度高,动态跟踪性能佳,控制鲁棒性好,应用于DVR可以更好地满足其特殊的快速性要求。在理论分析基础上,研制了实验样机进行实验验证,实验结果验证了变换器的可行性及单周期控制良好的动态特性。

基于前馈自抗扰控制的动态电压恢复器

针对动态电压恢复器(DVR)在传统比例-积分(PI)控制中补偿速度与补偿超调量之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于前馈补偿的自抗扰控制(FC-ADRC)策略。通过ADRC策略改进传统PI控制所存在的补偿超调问题,并引入LC滤波器的电压电流作为前馈量对DVR控制器进行补偿,实现对用户侧电压暂降进行快速电压补偿,保证用户侧电压的安全稳定。仿真实验结果表明,所提策略既保持DVR装置的高动态响应性,又保证装置应对不确定扰动的适应性。

动态电压恢复装置(DVR)在航站楼中的应用

电压暂降事故会使用电设备停机,甚至设备损毁,给航站楼运行和旅客出行带来很多隐患。本文根据海口航站楼实际运行和调研的数据,分析电压暂降事故发生的原因,比较不同电气设备在解决电压暂降的优缺点,在海口航站楼行李配电系统的改造升级中使用DVR设备。同时结合海口航站楼的改造经验,在福州航站楼行李配电系统、扶梯配电系统和步道配电系统设计过程中使用DVR,降低电压暂降事故对配电系统的影响。

动态电压恢复器精准相控整流方法研究

动态电压恢复器是一种新型的电力电子装置,串联于电源和敏感负载之间,主要功能是治理电网电压扰动。动态电压恢复器主要由储能元件、双向变流器、静态转换开关和控制单元组成,电网电压处于稳定状态时,静态转换开关导通,电网通过此回路向负载供电;电网电压异常时,静态转换开关切换至由变流器为负载供电。在研制小容量动态电压恢复器过程中发现,储能元件(超级电容)相控整流充电过程中,出现交流侧充电电流突然急剧增大的现象,导致变流器IGBT模块损坏。针对出现的充电电流突增现象进行理论分析和仿真验证,根据分析验证结果更改设备控制策略和参数设置,解决了储能元件(超级电容)相控整流充电过程中电流激增的问题。

电压畸变时电容耦合型动态电压恢复器控制

电容耦合型动态电压恢复器(DVR)因其性价比高的优势而广泛应用于配电网中,但在电网电压畸变时,补偿效果较差。为了获得DVR更高质量的电压补偿效果,此处研究了一种基于准比例谐振(PR)控制器的双闭环控制策略,以消除电网电压畸变所带来的影响,在补偿电压暂降、暂升基础上,还可实现对电网电压谐波的补偿。在分析电容耦合型DVR工作原理基础上,明确了系统控制策略的实现方式,并搭建实验平台进行验证。

造纸工厂的电压暂降治理技术研究

针对造纸工厂中的电压暂降问题,结合治理需求,以动态电压恢复器为切入点,围绕改进型比例谐振复合控制策略展开研究。通过Matlab/Simulink平台进行仿真实验,研究电压暂降治理技术,实现对造纸工厂电压暂降的有效补偿。本课题设计的动态电压恢复器从电网侧获取能量而无需额外的储能装置,控制分裂电容三相桥式逆变器分相输出补偿电压,治理包括三相不平衡在内的多种电压暂降故障。

非理想条件下MMC-DVR的Lyapunov控制策略研究

动态电压调节器(DVR)与模块化多电平转换器(MMC)组合的MMC-DVR可用于解决中高电压的动态电压补偿问题。目前MMC-DVR基本采用PID等线性控制方法,而MMC-DVR为非线性系统,因而其控制效果并不能令人满意。为此,提出了针对非理想条件下MMC-DVR系统的非线性李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)控制方法来解决此问题。首先,建立MMV-DVR的数学建模。接着,设计了非理想条件下正、负序MMC-DVR的Lyapunov控制系统。最后,通过实验验证了所提的Lyapunov控制方法用于MMC-DVR的正确性和有效性。与传统PID控制相比,Lyapunov控制方法的电压在理想、非理想的多种不同工况下都能得到很好的补偿,且系统的动态响应更快、鲁棒性更强。

基于光伏储能的DVR分数阶PI控制策略

动态电压恢复器(dynamic voltage restorer,DVR)是设备侧有效治理电压暂降故障的装置,目前DVR的控制设计基本采用比例积分(proportional-integral,PI)控制器,但是DVR为非线性系统,传统PI控制器并不能达到理想的控制效果。为改善DVR的控制效果,提出一种新型电压电流双闭环分数阶PI(fractional order PI,FOPI)控制策略。首先,以光伏储能系统为DVR直流侧能量源,并建立相应的三相逆变器前馈解耦数学模型;其次,设计光伏储能系统与逆变器的双闭环PI控制策略,并进行参数整定;之后,将整数阶控制策略推广到分数阶来改善控制效果,并采用增益变化时的鲁棒性准则对FOPI控制器进行参数校正;最后,搭建不同控制策略下的DVR仿真模型,仿真结果验证了FOPI控制器应用于DVR系统的可行性,且相对于传统PI控制器其具备更好的动态响应速度与抗干扰性能。

一种采样模型预测控制的动态电压恢复器控制方法

针对目前动态电压恢复器(DVR)多采用根据当前状态做出未来动作的控制方法,从微观上看总会因为采样和反馈信息与控制动作之间存在时间延迟而产生误差的问题,提出一种通过预测下一控制周期的输出从而确定下一控制周期控制动作的闭环结构的模型预测控制(MPC)方法。该方法基于前向欧拉法建立控制预测模型,通过反馈校正的方法减少预测误差,并通过建立合适的目标函数,确定应用于下一控制周期的最佳开关组合。利用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建所提控制方法的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,提出的MPC方法能有效减少DVR的补偿误差,具有响应速度快、谐波含量低、设计简单等优点。