Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method, the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action. Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of the rock mass in equal proportion, the seismic time history analysis was carried out. The proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method was that the peak values of dynamic displacements and plastic strain energy change suddenly with the increase of the strength reduction factor. The elasto-plastic behavior of the dam foundation was idealized using the Drucker-Prager yield criterion based on the associated flow rule assumption. The result of elasto-plastic time history analysis of an overflow dam monolith based on the dynamic strength reduction method was compared with that of the dynamic linear elastic analysis, and the reliability of elasto-plastic time history analysis was confirmed. The results also show that the safety factors of the dam-foundation system in the static and dynamic cases are 3.25 and 3.0, respectively, and that the F2 fault has a significant influence on the anti-sliding stability of the high gravity dam. It is also concluded that the proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method is feasible.

多自由度结构-串并联调谐质量阻尼器减震性能

针对提出的串并联调谐质量阻尼器(TTMD)减震系统,采用粒子群算法,在频域内对多自由度结构⁃TTMD系统进行优化分析。建立多自由度结构⁃TTMD系统减震控制仿真分析模型,分别考虑不同类型实际地震记录,在时域内研究了TTMD对结构地震响应的控制效率,并与相同总质量比的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)进行比较。进一步考虑了结构刚度发生10%和30%退化的情况,分析了TTMD系统对刚度退化结构的减震效果。数值结果表明,TTMD系统减震性能和鲁棒性能优于TMD系统,且具有阻尼需求小、安装简单、易于实现等优势,是一种增强型减震系统。

Simplified Full Dynamic Analysis of a Railway Tunnel in Ethiopia

This paper presents an effective means of analyzing the safety of a tunnel under dynamic loading in areas with seismic records. A particular case of the railway tunnel in the earthquake-prone regions of the escarpment seismic zone of Ethiopia was the specific focus area of the research. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and deaggregation have been conducted to determine the design earthquake required as an input for the dynamic analysis. The PSHA performed by considering the operating design earthquake with conservative assumptions of the local geological features resulted in a peak ground acceleration of 0.36. Two pairs of design earthquake have been obtained from the deaggregation process, which were used to filter acceleration time histories for the selected design earthquake from the ground motion database of Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, full dynamic analyses of the tunnel have been performed by applying the scaled acceleration time histories corresponding to the structure in the specific site. It was demonstrated how to prove the stability of the tunnel located in difficult ground conditions by performing plane strain analyses with the possible minimum computational efforts.

地震下三塔悬索桥主缆-鞍座摩擦滑移行为及其影响

三塔悬索桥中塔两侧主缆并未直接与锚锭连接,中塔处主缆的纵向约束较弱,地震下主缆-鞍座易发生显著的摩擦滑移。为了揭示三塔悬索桥中主缆-鞍座摩擦滑移及其对结构地震响应的影响规律,本文依托浔江大桥实际工程,建立了三塔悬索桥的非线性有限元模型,利用摩擦单元重现了主缆-鞍座界面的摩擦滑移行为,揭示了地震下主缆在边塔和中塔处的不同滑移变位,分析了摩擦系数对于界面滑移、主塔内力等响应量的影响规律。分析结果表明:摩擦系数大于0.1,在设计地震下主缆-索鞍界面无摩擦滑移,而在罕遇地震和极罕遇地震下,有一定的摩擦滑移,最大摩擦滑移量随着摩擦系数增大而减小;主缆-索鞍界面在地震作用下会发生明显滞回现象,最大可提供约2.0%的等效阻尼比;边塔顶剪力对塔底弯矩的贡献率达到了50%~70%,而中塔由于设置阻尼器,剪力贡献率仅为20%~40%;适当减小摩擦系数有利于降低塔的响应,但摩擦系数降低至0.001时,主缆将失去对塔变形的约束能力,将显著改变塔的变形模式与动力效应。

Seismic Analysis for Rigid-Framed Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Bridge in Tianjin Light Railway

The seismic analysis of a rigid-framed prestressed concrete bridge in Tianjin Light Railway is performed. A 3-D dynamic finite element model of the bridge is established considering the weakening effect caused by the soft soil foundation. After the dynamic characteristics are calculated in terms of natural frequencies and modes, the seismic analysis is carried out using the modal response spectrum method and the time-history method, respectively. Based on the calculated results, the reasonable design values are finally suggested as the basis of the seismic design of the bridge, and meanwhile the problems encountered were also analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as: 1) Despite the superiority of rigid-framed prestressed concrete bridge, the upper and lower ends of the piers of the bridge are proved to be the crucial parts of the bridge, which are easily destroyed under designed earthquake excitations and should be carefully analyzed and designed; 2) The soft soil foundation can possibly result in rather weakening of the lateral rigidity of the rigid-framed bridge, and should be paid considerable attention; 3) The modal response spectrum method, combined with time-history method, is suggested for the seismic analysis in engineering design of the rigid-framed prestressed concrete bridge.

Nonlinear Time History Analysis for the Different Column Orientations under Seismic Wave Synthetic Approach

The significant impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment underscores the extensive human and economic losses caused by structural collapses. Over the years, researchers have focused on improving seismic design to mitigate earthquake-induced damages and enhance structural performance. In this study, a specific reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure at Kyungpook National University, designed for educational purposes, is analyzed as a representative case. Utilizing SAP 2000, the research conducts a nonlinear time history analysis to assess the structural performance under seismic conditions. The primary objective is to evaluate the influence of different column section designs, while maintaining identical column section areas, on structural behavior. The study employs two distinct seismic waves from Abeno (ABN) and Takatori (TKT) for the analysis, comparing the structural performance under varying seismic conditions. Key aspects examined include displacement, base shear force, base moment, joint radians, and layer displacement angle. This research is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for seismic restraint reinforcement work on RC buildings, enriching the methods used for evaluating structures through nonlinear time history analysis based on the synthetic seismic wave approach.

Earthquake Analysis for the System of RC Building with a Steel Tower

A steel tower topping an RC building comprises a non-proportional damping structural sys- tem with different damping ratios. To compare the results from the non-proportional damping model and the equivalent damping model.the structural system was calculated with the two damping mod- els during earthquake respectively, using earthquake time history analysis computer program devel- oped by the authors. Differences in the calculated results of inner forces and displacements using the two damping models were observed. It is found that if the equivalent damping model is used in design, the consequence will be unsafe for the steel tower and too safe for the RC building at the same time.

考虑SSI效应的框架-摇摆墙结构响应数值计算研究

采用理论模型计算了考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)效应的框架-摇摆墙结构的地震响应。所提出的模型可以在结构初步设计完成后,进行结构响应及参数设定的分析验证。根据所提出的理论模型,对固定地基的框架结构(RF)、考虑SSI效应的框架结构(SF)、固定地基的框架-摇摆墙结构(RW)以及考虑SSI效应的框架-摇摆墙结构(SW)四种模型进行了时域分析,并考虑了5种不同的土性。结果表明,SSI效应会增大框架-摇摆墙结构的响应,框架-摇摆墙结构对土体条件变化的敏感度比框架结构更高。因此,在框架-摇摆墙结构的抗震设计中,需要考虑SSI效应。如果不能准确地确定地基特性,可能会导致对响应的错误评估。

速度脉冲强震下偏心重力柱-核心筒体系的抗震性能研究

研究速度脉冲强震和结构偏心双重不利对新型重力柱-核心筒结构体系地震响应的影响。以地震模拟振动台试验为基础,采用CANNY软件校验参数设置合理性。设计不同高度质量偏心重力柱-核心筒结构,分别选取10条速度脉冲和10条非速度脉冲地震记录作为输入,采用CANNY软件对偏心体系进行动力时程分析,系统地研究了速度脉冲地震和偏心率对结构地震响应的影响规律。结果表明:脉冲地震工况下各偏心体系的弹性和弹塑性层间位移角、剪力、扭矩、扭转角均显著高于非脉冲地震工况对应值。弹塑性工况比弹性工况增大效应明显,变形增大效应比力增大效应更为显著。随着偏心率增大,弹性和弹塑性层间位移角、扭矩和扭转角均增大,层间剪力则呈现减小趋势。增量动力分析结果亦表明,偏心和速度脉冲地震效应均会显著增大层间位移角。建议在新型重力柱-核心筒结构的抗震设计中,应充分考虑速度脉冲地震和偏心对其地震响应的耦合影响。

钢框架-钢板墙和钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架结构抗震性能对比分析

为满足建筑工业化的迫切需求,进一步拓展钢框架-钢板墙结构和钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架结构2种典型结构体系在高烈度区的应用,以某高烈度地区保障性住房建设项目为结构方案原型,分别对其进行多遇地震下的反应谱抗震设计,并补充了弹性动力时程分析验算,同时对比分析了罕遇地震下2种结构的弹塑性抗震性能。结果表明,钢框架-钢板墙结构体系在地震作用下的侧移模式呈弯曲型,塑性铰主要出现在钢板墙附近的梁端和柱端,而钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架结构体系侧移模式呈剪切型,塑性铰主要出现在结构中间层的梁端。2种结构体系均能够满足预期的抗震设计要求,适用于高烈度区的多高层民用建筑。

不同横缝初始间隙的拱形重力坝-地基体系地震响应分析研究

本文构建了某拱形重力坝三维全坝段-地基体系有限元分析模型,综合考虑了坝体横缝和坝基交界面接触非线性,采用基于拉格朗日乘子法的动接触力模型模拟接触非线性问题,采用黏弹性人工边界考虑无限地基辐射阻尼效应,分别开展横缝初始间隙0、2和20 mm下的重力坝-地基体系非线性有限元动力时程分析,揭示不同横缝初始间隙对大坝动力响应的影响,为工程抗震设计提供科学依据.

基于FLAC3D的层间错动带对大型地下洞室地震响应影响分析--以白鹤滩水电站为例

为揭示大型地下洞室群地震响应机制,以西南地区白鹤滩水电站大型地下厂房洞室群为研究对象,运用有限差分数值模拟软件FLAC3D,建立了13号机组剖面数值分析模型,基于弹塑性本构关系,采用动力时程分析方法,研究了地下厂房洞室群在有、无层间错动带条件下围岩地震响应的加速度、变形、应力、塑性区等特征。结果表明:①有层间错动带条件相比无层间错动带条件,洞室群围岩的响应加速度峰值和围岩变形值分别增加了2%~34%和18%~63%;②层间错动带对震后围岩应力状态有一定影响,与无层间错动带条件相比,有层间错动带条件下的围岩拉应力区范围明显增大;③在有层间错动条件下,由开挖和地震产生的塑性区面积分别为8684m^(2)和975m^(2),均大于无层间错动带条件的7103m^(2)和888m^(2)。在地下洞室的抗震设计中,层间错动带对大型地下洞室地震响应的影响不可忽视。

附设黏滞阻尼器的RC框架结构抗震韧性评估

为研究黏滞阻尼器对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构抗震韧性影响,基于增量动力时程分析方法,对附设黏滞阻尼器的RC框架结构开展抗震韧性能力评估。结合FEMA P-58以及我国抗震韧性评价标准,将主要受损构件的修复费用、修复时间曲线以及易损性信息按实际情况进行相应修正,并对无控结构和有控结构的修复费用、修复时间和人员伤亡等主要抗震韧性指标进行对比分析,明确了黏滞阻尼器对RC框架结构抗震韧性的影响。研究表明,在RC框架结构中适当设置黏滞阻尼器不仅能够减小结构地震响应、降低结构破坏概率,还能有效提升结构抗震韧性。

某高层木混合结构抗震分析与性能测试

木混凝土混合结构在多高层木结构建筑中应用广泛,但此类结构的整体抗震性能以及楼盖动力特性有待研究。本文以江苏省康复医院医技楼为例,应用反应谱法与弹性时程分析法分别开展木混合结构的抗震性能分析,并对局部正交胶合木(CLT)楼盖通过原位测试,开展力学性能、动力特性以及人致振动研究。结果表明:结构抗震指标符合规范要求;CLT楼盖荷载位移关系呈双折线,挠度、应力理论计算时,建议板两端按简支考虑;CLT楼盖竖向自振频率均值约15.49 Hz,满足建筑楼盖限值要求,但在单人快走、单人小跑以及多人随机人致振动工况下,楼盖的峰值加速度偏大,应考虑增加现浇建筑面层,改善纯CLT楼盖舒适度不足的问题。可见,木混合结构通过设计可满足抗震要求,但轻质楼盖应注意舒适度构造措施。

基于地下结构整体损伤表征的复合地震动参数构造及其性能验证

在地下结构抗震设计中,不同的输入地震动引起的地下结构响应有显著差异,因此,合理通过地震动参数选择输入地震动是正确开展地下结构抗震设计的重要前提。针对单一地震动参数难以表征地下结构地震动潜在破坏势问题,文章构造了能更好表征地下结构损伤破坏的复合地震动参数。具体开展了以下工作:提出基于变形与滞回耗能的地下结构整体损伤指标作为结构需求参数,以定量化评估地下结构的整体破坏状态。选取64条真实地震动记录作为输入地震动,开展四层三跨地铁车站地震弹塑性动力时程分析。基于分析结果提供的数据样本,采用偏最小二乘法从统计角度构造复合地震动参数。最后,选用100条真实地震动记录开展两层三跨地铁车站弹塑性动力时程分析,对文章所构造的复合地震动参数进行验证。对比分析复合地震动参数、12个常用地震动参数与地下结构整体损伤指数的回归统计特征。结果表明:复合地震动参数与结构需求数之间具有更好拟合优度值,其Pearson相关性、有效性也优于单一地震动参数。

地下管廊抗震研究现状综述

针对地下管廊工程建设高速发展、抗震减灾需求愈发凸显的现状,综述地下管廊抗震研究现状.首先,通过国内外以往的震害实例,对地下管廊的震害形式、震害影响因素及震害机理进行了系统性总结.其次,从拟静力试验和振动台试验两个方面总结了地下管廊抗震性能的试验研究现状.再次,总结了地下管廊抗震分析的简化分析方法、动力时程方法、地震易损性评估及减隔震技术的研究现状.最后,基于文献综述提出了目前地下管廊抗震研究亟待解决的问题并做出展望,以期促进地下管廊抗震研究的发展.研究表明:地下管廊在地震作用下的破坏形式主要有混凝土剥落、裂缝贯通、接缝错位或张开、管廊受剪断裂等;地震作用下地下管廊穿越非均匀场地时动力响应的放大效应显著,地下管廊穿越软硬交互等非均匀场地时的抗震性能研究值得重视;交叉节点是地下管廊的薄弱环节,交叉管廊的抗震设计方法研究值得关注;预制管廊接头易受到地震破坏,不同类型预制管廊接头的抗震性能研究需深入探索;城市大型地下管廊系统抗震性能受到不同交叉节点和不同管廊之间的交互影响,高效的地下管廊系统建模方法和高效的简化分析方法亟待研究;城市大型地下管廊系统地震易损性分析是重要的发展方向;地下管廊的减隔震技术值得发展.

节点域承载力对半刚性钢框架地震易损性影响研究

目的 通过考察节点域承载力变化与地震易损性曲线间的关系,获得半刚性钢框架地震易损性曲线,量化节点域屈服承载力对半刚性钢框架地震易损性的影响。方法 采用OpenSEES抗震分析软件建立以节点域承载力比为主要参数的半刚性钢框架模型,通过地震需求分析和抗震能力分析,绘制不同节点域屈服承载力比(0.5~1.0)对应的半刚性钢框架地震易损性曲线。结果 节点域屈服承载力比的取值为0.7时,半刚性钢框架地震易损性曲线在四种极限状态下均小于其他半刚性钢框架,且形成包络趋势。结论 在水平地震作用下,允许节点域屈服,可显著降低钢框架的失效概率,结构的抗震性能也得到了明显改善;节点域屈服承载力比取0.7时,结构抗震性改善效果最显著。

双向地震作用下崩塌堆积体边坡动力模糊可靠性分析

考虑崩塌堆积体边坡岩土体参数随机性和模糊性,以及地震力双向性,建立一种边坡地震动力模糊可靠度计算方法,针对竖向地震力对崩塌堆积体边坡稳定可靠性的影响进行进一步研究。首先,选用动力有限元时程分析法计算出双向地震工况下崩塌堆积体边坡的响应特征,并运用模糊理论对强度参数进行模糊性处理;然后,根据Mohr-Coulumb强度准则构建边坡安全系数与可靠度的时程计算模型;最后,采用边坡地震可靠性评价新方法,通过MATLAB编写相应程序,实现计算和分析结果的快速输出。案例结果表明:新方法计算结果更加合理,对工程而言也更加安全;竖向地震作用均对崩塌堆积体边坡整体可靠性存在影响,但影响程度需根据工程实际情况进行分析。在算例工况下,竖向地震对崩塌堆积体边坡的可靠性影响很小,仅使得可靠度降低3.55%,因此,可仅考虑水平地震的影响。

考虑SSI效应的带地下室RC框架结构抗震性能研究

土-结构相互作用效应(Soil-Structure Interaction,SSI)是带地下室钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete,RC)框架结构抗震性能分析的重要因素。基于模态和动力时程分析,通过有限元分析软件系统探究了地下室顶板嵌固、基础顶面嵌固和考虑SSI效应地下室周围土体嵌固等3种不同嵌固方式的RC框架结构抗震性能。结果表明:考虑SSI效应带地下室RC框架结构的自振周期明显延长,其中心柱剪力、各层加速度和层间位移角均有所减小;基础顶面嵌固模型未考虑SSI效应,其计算结果较为保守;SSI效应对带地下室RC框架结构会产生较大的减震影响。

远场水下爆炸冲击作用下重力坝动力稳定性的简化时程分析方法

高坝大库的抗爆与防护是国防安全的重要研究课题。该文针对远场水下爆炸冲击作用下混凝土重力坝的稳定安全评价问题,研究了远场水下爆炸冲击波的传播及其与坝体的相互作用过程;基于波动理论和平面波假设,建立了重力坝爆炸动应力场的简化理论计算模型,最终建议了一种远场水下爆炸冲击波作用下重力坝动力稳定性的简化时程分析方法;同时结合工程实际,采用该方法对某混凝土重力坝的动力稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:在远场爆炸冲击荷载作用下,重力坝的稳定安全系数呈现出先增后减再增并最终保持恒定的变化规律;下游坝面反射形成的拉伸波与剪切波的共同作用是导致建基面稳定安全系数降低的主要原因。