Adaptive delay-energy balanced partial offloading strategy in Mobile Edge Computing networks

Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)-based computation offloading is a promising application paradigm for serving large numbers of users with various delay and energy requirements.In this paper,we propose a flexible MECbased requirement-adaptive partial offloading model to accommodate each user's specific preference regarding delay and energy consumption.To address the dimensional differences between time and energy,we introduce two normalized parameters and then derive the computational overhead of processing tasks.Different from existing works,this paper considers practical variations in the user request patterns,and exploits a flexible partial offloading mode to minimize computation overheads subject to tolerable delay,task workload and power constraints.Since the resulting problem is non-convex,we decouple it into two convex subproblems and present an iterative algorithm to obtain a feasible offloading solution.Numerical experiments show that our proposed scheme achieves a significant improvement in computation overheads compared with existing schemes.

DYNAMICAL BALANCE STUDY OF RING REDUCER

The basic structure of epicyclical gear transmission with inner teeth ofsingle-ring, double-ring, three-ring and four-ring reducer are analyzed. The force analysis model ofring reducer is built. Following this, it is concluded that the present ring reducer~ have theproblem that the inertia force or the inertia moment is lopsided. On the base of analysis andcalculation the balanced ring reducer which can realize the balance of inertia force and inertiamoment is brought forward, and so is its concrete realizing step. The specimen of the balanced ringreducer is designed and manufactured; the experiment is carried out on the gear transmission testbench. Compared with other ring reducer of the same power, the balanced ring reducer has manyadvantages, such as low vibration noise, low cost and less production difficulty and less heat. Itis the substitute of other ring reducer of the same kind. Therefore, it has important theoreticsignificance and highly practical engineering value.

Relationship of proprioception,cutaneous sensitivity,and muscle strength with the balance control among older adults

Background:Balance impairment is one of the strongest risk factors for falls.Proprioception,cutaneous sensitivity,and muscle strength are 3 important contributors to balance control in older adults.The relationship that dynamic and static balance control has to proprioception,cutaneous sensitivity,and muscle strength is still unclear.This study was performed to investigate the relationship these contributors have to dynamic and static balance control.Methods:A total of 164 older adults(female=89,left dominant=15,age:73.5±7.8 years,height:161.6±7.1 cm,weight:63.7±8.9 kg,mean±SD)participated in this study.It tested the proprioception of their knee flexion/extension and ankle dorsi/plantarflexion,along with cutaneous sensitivity at the great toe,first and fifth metatarsals,arch,and heel,and the muscle strength of their ankle dorsi/plantarflexion and hip abduction.The Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and the root mean square(RMS)of the center of pressure(CoP)were collected as indications of dynamic and static balance control.A partial correlation was used to determine the relationship between the measured outcomes variables(BBS and CoPRMS)and the proprioception,cutaneous sensitivity,and muscle strength variables.Results:Proprioception of ankle plantarflexion(r=-0.306,p=0.002)and dorsiflexion(r=-0.217,p=0.030),and muscle strength of ankle plantarflexion(r=0.275,p=0.004),dorsiflexion(r=0.369,p<0.001),and hip abduction(r=0.342,p<0.001)were weakly to moderately correlated with BBS.Proprioception of ankle dorsiflexion(r=0.218,p=0.020)and cutaneous sensitivity at the great toe(r=0.231,p=0.041)and arch(r=0.285,p=0.002)were weakly correlated with CoP-RMS in the anteroposterior direction.Proprioception of ankle dorsiflexion(r=0.220,p=0.035),knee flexion(r=0.308,p=0.001)and extension(r=0.193,p=0.040),and cutaneous sensitivity at the arch(r=0.206,p=0.028)were weakly to moderately correlated with CoP-RMS in the mediolateral direction.Conclusion:There is a weak-to-moderate relationship between proprioception and dynamic and static balance control,a weak relationship between cutaneous sensitivity and static balance control,and a weak-to-moderate relationship between muscle strength and dynamic balance control.

Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in longterm fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region, China

Phosphorus（P） is an important macronutrient for plant but can also cause potential environmental risk. In this paper, we studied the long-term fertilizer experiment（started 1980） to assess the soil P dynamic, balance, critical P value and the crop yield response in Taihu Lake region, China. To avoid the effect of nitrogen（N） and potassium（K）, only the following treatments were chosen for subsequent discussion, including： C0（control treatment without any fertilizer or organic manure）, CNK treatment（mineral N and K only）, CNPK（balanced fertilization with mineral N, P and K）, MNK（integrated organic manure and mineral N and K）, and MNPK（organic manure plus balanced fertilization）. The results revealed that the response of wheat yield was more sensitive than rice, and no significant differences of crop yield had been detected among MNK, CNPK and MNPK until 2013. Dynamic and balance of soil total P（TP） and Olsen-P showed soil TP pool was enlarged significantly over consistent fertilization. However, the diminishing marginal utility of soil Olsen-P was also found, indicating that high-level P application in the present condition could not increase soil Olsen-P contents anymore. Linear-linear and Mitscherlich models were used to estimate the critical value of Olsen-P for crops. The average critical P value for rice and wheat was 3.40 and 4.08 mg kg^（–1）, respectively. The smaller critical P value than in uplands indicated a stronger ability of P supply for crops in this paddy soil. We concluded that no more mineral P should be applied in rice-wheat system in Taihu Lake region if soil Olsen-P is higher than the critical P value. The agricultural technique and management referring to activate the plant-available P pool are also considerable, such as integrated use of low-P organic manure with mineral N and K.

ANALYSIS OF METHOD FOR DETERMINING AZIMUTH OF PRINCIPAL AXIS OF INERTIA BASED ON DYNAMIC BALANCE MEASUREMENT

The dynamic balance quality of a rotating object is an important factor to maintain the stability and accuracy for motion. The azimuth of the principal axis of inertia is a major sign of dynamic balance. A usual method is measuring moment of inertia matrix relative to some base coordinates on a rotary inertia machine so as to calculate the azimuth of principal axis of inertia, By using the measured unbalance results on the two trimmed planes on a vertical hard bearing double-plane dynamic balancing machine, the dimension and direction of couple unbalance can be found. An azimuth angle formula for the principal axis of inertia is derived and is solved by using unbalance quantities. The experiments indicate that method based on dynamic balancing measurement is proved rational and effective and has a fine precision.

Dynamic Balance in Children With Trisomy 21:A Pilot Study

At age 5,children with trisomy 21 have roughly 2 years of delayed motor development.We aimed to verify if children with trisomy 21(AD)(N=6,7.67±1.51 years)had a similar performance to children with a typical development(TD)(N=37,5.19±0.40 years old),in a playful motor action(to spin on herself until she cannot get more).On average,ADs gave less laps,for less time,spending more time per rotation,but without significant difference.Of the AD,one-third fell and rose to continue to spin;one-third stopped and resumed spinning(with intervals of 2.05±0.86s).Three ADs performed the action counterclockwise and the other three in clockwise direction.The results support the hypothesis that AD can perform the activity of spinning,with DT(significantly)younger,allowing to AD momentary pauses and conditions for their physical security.

STUDY ON AUTOMATIC BALANCE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE RIGID ROTOR

The theory and application of automatic balance technology for the rigid rotor is re- searched. New analysis about the mechanical model of vibratory system is done in view of feature of automatic balance, and the result is that the accurate model of system can be gained by compensa- tion method and the traditional principle error of balance machines both for soft and hard bearing can be overcome. The automatic balance testing theory for sofi and hard bearing machines is pro- posed. The automatic balance system has been developed and the function and technical key is also introduced in detail.

Hierarchical Bayesian Calibration and On-line Updating Method for Influence Coefficient of Automatic Dynamic Balancing Machine

Measurement error of unbalance＇s vibration response plays a crucial role in calibration and on-line updating of influence coefficient（IC）. Focusing on the two problems that the moment estimator of data used in calibration process cannot fulfill the accuracy requirement under small sample and the disturbance of measurement error cannot be effectively suppressed in updating process, an IC calibration and on-line updating method based on hierarchical Bayesian method for automatic dynamic balancing machine was proposed. During calibration process, for the repeatedly-measured data obtained from experiments with different trial weights, according to the fact that measurement error of each sensor had the same statistical characteristics, the joint posterior distribution model for the true values of the vibration response under all trial weights and measurement error was established. During the updating process, information obtained from calibration was regarded as prior information, which was utilized to update the posterior distribution of IC combined with the real-time reference information to implement online updating. Moreover, Gibbs sampling method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo（MCMC） was adopted to obtain the maximum posterior estimation of parameters to be estimated. On the independent developed dynamic balancing testbed, prediction was carried out for multiple groups of data through the proposed method and the traditional method respectively, the result indicated that estimator of influence coefficient obtained through the proposed method had higher accuracy; the proposed updating method more effectively guaranteed the measurement accuracy during the whole producing process, and meantime more reasonably compromised between the sensitivity of IC change and suppression of randomness of vibration response.

Novel Models and Algorithms of Load Balancing for Variable-structured Collaborative Simulation under HLA/RTI

High level architecture(HLA) is the open standard in the collaborative simulation field. Scholars have been paying close attention to theoretical research on and engineering applications of collaborative simulation based on HLA/RTI, which extends HLA in various aspects like functionality and efficiency. However, related study on the load balancing problem of HLA collaborative simulation is insufficient. Without load balancing, collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI may encounter performance reduction or even fatal errors. In this paper, load balancing is further divided into static problems and dynamic problems. A multi-objective model is established and the randomness of model parameters is taken into consideration for static load balancing, which makes the model more credible. The Monte Carlo based optimization algorithm(MCOA) is excogitated to gain static load balance. For dynamic load balancing, a new type of dynamic load balancing problem is put forward with regards to the variable-structured collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI. In order to minimize the influence against the running collaborative simulation, the ordinal optimization based algorithm(OOA) is devised to shorten the optimization time. Furthermore, the two algorithms are adopted in simulation experiments of different scenarios, which demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. An engineering experiment about collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI of high speed electricity multiple units(EMU) is also conducted to indentify credibility of the proposed models and supportive utility of MCOA and OOA to practical engineering systems. The proposed research ensures compatibility of traditional HLA, enhances the ability for assigning simulation loads onto computing units both statically and dynamically, improves the performance of collaborative simulation system and makes full use of the hardware resources.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION STRUCTURE OF VERTICAL DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE

A new type of vibration structure (i.e. supporting system, called swing frame cus- tomarily) of vertical dynamic balancing machine has been designed, which is based on an analysis for the swing frame of a traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machine. The static unbalance and couple unbalance can be e?ectively separated by using the new dynamic balancing machine with the new swing frame. By building the dynamics model, the advantages of the new structure are discussed in detail. The modal and harmonic response are analyzed by using the ANSYS7.0. By comparing the ?nite element modal analysis with the experimental modal analy- sis, the natural frequencies and vibration modes are found. There are many spring boards in the new swing frame. Their sti?nesses are di?erent and assorted with each other. Furthermore, there are three sensors on the measuring points. Therefore, the new dynamic balancing machine can measure static unbalance and coupling unbalance directly, and the interaction between them is faint. The result shows that the new vertical dynamic balancing machine is suitable for inertial measurement of ?ying objects, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machines, which the e?ect of plane-separation is inferior. The vertical dynamic balancing machine with the new vibration structure can ?nd wide application in the future. The modelling and analysis of the new vibration structure will provide theoretical basis and practical experience for designing new-type vertical dynamic balancing machines.

Dynamic Load Balancing Based on Restricted Multicast Tree in Homogeneous Multiprocessor Systems

To decrease the cost of exchanging load information among processors, a dynamic load-balancing （DLB） algorithm which adopts multieast tree technology is proposed. The muhieast tree construction rules are also proposed to avoid wrongly transferred or redundant DLB messages due to the overlapping of multicast trees. The proposed DLB algorithm is distributed controlled, sender initiated and can help heavily loaded processors with complete distribution of redundant loads with minimum number of executions. Experiments were executed to compare the effects of the proposed DLB algorithm and other three ones, the results prove the effectivity and practicability of the proposed algorithm in dealing with great scale compute-intensive tasks.

The Application of Ridge Regression in Dynamic Balancing of Flexible Rotors Based on Influence Coefficient Method

Based on the model structure of the influence coefficient method analyzed in depth by matrix theory,it is explained the reason why the unreasonable and instable correction masses with bigger MSE are obtained by LS influence coefficient method when there are correlation planes in the dynamic balancing.It also presened the new ridge regression method for solving correction masses according to the Tikhonov regularization theory,and described the reason why the ridge regression can eliminate the disadvantage of the LS method. Applying this new method to dynamic balancing of gas turbine, it is found that this method is superior to the LS method when influence coefficient matrix is ill-conditioned,the minimal correction masses and residual vibration are obtained in the dynamic balancing of rotors.

Simulation of welding of 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy by different yield stress models

To investigate the effects of strain hardening, strain softening and dynamic balance behaviors of 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy on the welding residual plastic strain and residual stresses, the true stress-true strain curves at different temperature of certain material were used in the FEM modeling process. The simulation results show that little influence on the welding residual plastic strain and residual stresses was found as the strain hardening, strain softening and dynamic balance worked together.

Dynamic Balancing Structure Optimal Design for the Rotating Arc Sensor

Rotating arc sensor is a key device for automation welding. The vibration has a big influence on signal's correct collection and reliable automatic welding. In order to solve the vibration problem and the dynamic balancing design with the restricted space,a bearing force analysis based dynamic balancing structure optimal design is proposed and implemented with the help of Pro/Engineer( PROE) and automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems( ADAMS) virtual prototype technology, in which three parameters of the counterbalance are considered. The method is suitable for the practical online adjustment. The simulation result shows that optimal design based counterbalance structure and parameters can satisfy the space requirement with lower vibration. The methodology provides a new idea for dynamic balancing design and adjustment of rotating arc sensor with adjustable rotation radius.

A Comparison Study of the Effects Injectable Contraceptive Cyclofem on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

Forty-six healthy women received Cyclofem (25mg medroxyprogesterone acetate with sing estradiol cypionate) and other /orly--five women, as control,received oral contraceptive pill (Ortho--Novum 1/35, containing norethisterone enantate ling and estradiol valerate 35fig) for nine months. Blood samples were taken during the follicular and luteal phases o/preu treatment, and for Cyclofem group, immediately prior to the 3rd and gth injections and 1 and 3 weeks a/ter the 3rd and gth injections, for Ortho Novum group, blood samples were taken on the irst day o[.the 3rd and gth pill cycles and 1 and 3 weeks later in both cycles. For both groups after at least 3 months nonhormonal method of contraception, blood sampling was repeated at follicular and luteal phases of a normal mentrual cycle.Coagulation and librinolysis parameter were detected including hemoglobin,platelet count, prothrombin time, APTT, fibrinogen, factor Vll, [actor X,plasminogen, in PAl, AT Ill (functional and immunological assays) and protein C.In the Cyclolem group, hemoglobin, platelet count, fibrinogen and /Octor X were not changed. Factor Vll significantly reduced. Prothrombin time and APTT showed minor changes. Plasminogen and protein C decreased while t-- PAl and AT 11.1 increased. These changes showed a dynamic balance between coagulatioll and fibrinolysis. In Ortho---Novum 1/35 group, platelet count, jactor X and [ibrinogen increased and prothrombin time and APTT accelerated. In fibrinolysis and anticoagulation system, plasminogen increased as well as protein C, but AT Ill declined. Those changes showed a tendency o[ hyper-coagulabllity state, fibrinolysis and anticoagulation were enhanced to a certain extent.The result of our study is that there are slight 'changes on coagulation and [ibrinolyls is in Cyclofem injectable contraceptive users.

Dynamic load balancing with learning model for Sudoku solving system

This paper proposes a dynamic load balancing with learning model for a Sudoku problem solving system that has multiple workers and multiple solvers.The objective is to minimise the total processing time of problem solving.Our load balancing with learning model distributes each Sudoku problem to an appropriate pair of worker and solver when it is received by the system.The information of the estimated solution time for a specific number of given input values,the estimated finishing time of each worker,and the idle status of each worker is used to determine the worker-solver pairs.In addition,the proposed system can estimate the waiting period for each problem.Test results show that the system has shorter processing time than conventional alternatives.

Realty Service Contracts and the Legal System of Realty Management in China

The realty(real estate)management of ownership of buildings includes the owner(homeowner)entrust-management and the owner self-management,the former through the way of realty service contracts,the latter through the resolution of the owners’assembly and the owners’committee.The legal disputes of realty service contracts involve balancing interests among the realty service enterprise,individual owner,and all the owners.We should use dynamic balancing of the interests of the three parties to implement the interests of the win-win cooperation rather than the interests of the trade-off of“all or nothing.”The realty service contract is similar to the entrustment contract,both of which are based on the owners’entrustment.The duty to provide realty service is not simply equivalent to fiduciary duty.The realty service contract has the essence of both behavior debt and result debt.For the former,the general provisions of the entrustment contract can be referred to,and for the latter,the general provisions of the contract for work can be referred to.In view of the group characteristics of the realty service contract,owners have no right to terminate the realty service contract at any time but should obey the principle of due process and take the majority mechanism to make a dismissal resolution resolution.The resolutions and management stipulations worked out by the owners’assembly in a majority mechanism,both of which belong to resolution behavior and are legal tools of the owners’autonomy,shall be binding on all the owners.The relationship between the owner,the owner’s assembly,and the owner’s committee is similar to the fiduciary relationship.If the decision made by the owners’assembly or the owners’committee and the management stipulation infringes upon the legal rights and interests of the owners,the injured owner has the right to revocation litigation.At present,residential commodity owners have a relatively low degree of autonomy in China,and legal disputes over realty services are frequent.In the future,we need to perfect the legal incentive and constraint measures,and stimulate the vitality of owner autonomy to promote better implementation of the owner self-management and owner entrust-management.

Versatile Recyclable Kevlar Nanofibrous Aerogels Enabled by Destabilizing Dynamic Balance Strategy

Aerogels are of great interest in diverse fields including thermal insulation,environmental protection,liquid separation,electromagnetic shielding,etc.However,the development of renewable and recyclable aerogels,especially synthetic pol-ymer-based ones,remains an enormous challenge,which seriously hinders the practical application of aerogels.Herein,utilizing Kevlar nanofibers(KNFs)as representative synthetic polymer building blocks,a destabilizing dynamic balance(DDB)strategy is proposed to fabricate recyclable aerogels with high reprocessing consistency.More specifically,aprotic esters(e.g.,di-tert-butyl decarbonate,DiBoc)and alkalis(e.g.,potassium tert-butoxide,t-BuOK)are introduced to trigger the destabilizing dynamic balance between deprotonation–protonation of KNFs,resulting in a reversible sol–gel transition.Meanwhile,the duration of sol–gel transition(i.e.,gelation)time,adjustable from 10^(–2)to 10^(3)min,is compatible with versatile processing methods,such as static mould casting,dynamic wet spinning,dynamic blade coating and dynamic 3D printing.These unique advantages enable the fabrication of various KNF aerogel products(i.e.,continuous fibers,continuous films,large-sized monoliths and 3D-printed articles)with low density(33–165 mg/cm3),high compressive modulus(up to 52 MPa),high specific surface area(360–404 m^(2)/g)and low thermal conductivity(0.027–0.050 W/m·K).Notably,these properties are comparable or superior to that of previously reported KNF aerogels and far superior to that of recyclable aerogels.Compared with direct fabrication from raw materials,the DDB strategy reduces the cost by 50.5%and 82.5%when products are made from recycled aerogels and wet gels,respectively.Such cost reduction further increases with the number of recycling cycles,which is calculated as$275 per kilogram KNF aerogel with 5 cycles.This work develops extraordinary KNF aerogels those can be recycled and reused,as well as provides a strategy that can be applied to design more recyclable aerogels.

Research on Full Vector Dynamic Balancing Algorithm for Rotors

Influence coefficient method and the modal balancing method are often used in the dynamic balancing in the past days. These methods sometimes exist a lot of big measurement errors. So, in order to make these errors much smaller, and to use the vibration information of the rotor more sufficiently, at last, we put forward the full vector dynamic balancing algorithm. Though the theoretical analysis, and the experiment tests, we can compare with the new method and the old method , study the relationship between the dynamic balancing and the rotation equipment, and the direction of the development. The full vector dynamic balancing algorithm theory can be inferred from the Jeffcott rotor. To compare with the methods which are mentioned before, we can find that the full vector dynamic balancing algorithm is much better than the influence coefficient method and the modal balancing method. We can use the MATLAB program to prove that the full vector dynamic balancing algorithm is much better. So the conclusion is completely right.

Drum of CTP Device Dynamic Balance Based on Theory of Wavelet Transform

Conclusion is that the soft threshold de-noising effect is better than hard threshold de-noising though the signal to noise ratio and Root Mean Square error. After analyzing, de-noising and reconstructing signal through wavelet packet from Matlab software, the average value of peak extracted from signal reconstruction is gotten to provide data for dynamic balance. Making use of the influence coefficient method to adjust drum of CTP dynamic balance, the program of Matlab is used to find phase position and weight of the mass block quickly, which can provide evidence for software for dynamic balance developed.