Epidemiology of hepatitis E in South-East Europe in the "One Health" concept

The significance of hepatitis E virus(HEV)as an important public health problem is rising.Until a decade ago,cases of HEV infection in Eur-ope were mainly confined to returning travelers,but nowadays,hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic infection in many European countries.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a systematic review of the published literature on hepatitis E distribution in humans,animals and environmental samples("One Health"concept)in the South-Eastern European countries.Comparison of the available data showed that the anti-HEV seroprevalence in the South-Eastern Europe varies greatly,depending on the population studied,geographical area and methods used.The IgG seroprevalence rates in different population groups were found to be 1.1%-24.5%in Croatia,up to 20.9%in Bulgaria,5.9-%17.1%in Romania,15%in Serbia,up to 9.7%in Greece and 2%-9.7%in Albania.Among possible risk factors,older age was the most significant predictor for HEV seropositivity in most studies.Higher seroprevalence rates were found in animals.HEV IgG antibodies in domestic pigs were detected in 20%-54.5%,29.2%-50%,38.94%-50%and 31.1%-91.7%in Serbia,Bulgaria,Romania and Croatia,respectively.In wild boars seroprevalence rates were up to 10.3%,30.3%and 31.1%in Romania,Slovenia and Croatia,respectively.A high HEV RNA prevalence in wild boars in some countries(Croatia and Romania)indicated that wild boars may have a key role in the HEV epidemiology.There are very few data on HEV prevalence in environmental samples.HEV RNA was detected in 3.3%and 16.7%surface waters in Slovenia and Serbia,respectively.There is no evidence of HEV RNA in sewage systems in this region.The available data on genetic characterization show that human,animal and environmental HEV strains mainly belong to the genotype 3.

Determining Requirements for an Optimal Ad-Hoc Multicast Protocol in Mobile Health Care Training Systems

Nowadays, Health Care Training-based System (HCTS) is a vital component in the education and training of health care in 3D Virtual Environment (VE). The practice of HCTS continues to grow at rapid pace throughout all of the healthcare disciplines, however research in this field is still in its early stage. Increasingly, decision makers and developers look forward to offer more sophisticated, much larger, and more complex HCTS to serve the desired outcome and improve the quality and safety of patient care. Due to the rapidly increasing usage of personal mobile devices and the need of executing HCTS applications in environments that have no previous network infrastructure available, Mobile Health Care Training-based System (MHCTS) is an expected future trend. In such systems, medical staff will share and collaborate in a 3D virtual environment through their mobile devices in an ad-hoc network (MANET) in order to accomplish specific missions’ typically surgical emergency room. Users are organized into various groups (Radiologists, Maternity departments, and General surgery etc...), and need to be managed by a multicast scheme to save network bandwidth and offer immersive sense. MHCTS is sensitive to networking issues, since interactive 3D graphics requires additional load due to the use of mobile devices. Therefore, we need to emphasize on the importance and the improvement of multicast techniques for the effectiveness of MHCTS and the management of collaborative group interaction. Research so far has devoted little attention to the network communication protocols design of such systems which is crucial to preserve the sense of immersion for participating users. In this paper, we investigate the effect of multicast routing protocol in advancing the field of Health care Training-based System to the benefit of patient’s safety, and health care professional. Also, we address the issue of selecting a multicast protocol to provide the best performance for a particular e-health system at any time. Previous work has demonstrated that multicast operates at least as efficiently as traditional MAODV. A comprehensive analysis about various ad-hoc multicast routing protocols is proposed. The selection key factors for the right protocol for MHCTS applications were safety and robustness. To the best of our knowledge, this work will be the first initiative involving systematic literature reviews to identify a research gate for the use of multicast protocol in health care simulation learning community.

The Design of a Cloud and Mobile Healthcare System

The aging society will become a serious problem for most countries in the world. Under the constraint of limited medical resource, the self-health management becomes important. In this paper, a mobile healthcare system is implemented. One can easily monitor his/her physiological data through the using of a smartphone that is wirelessly connected to different medical detection devices. A cloud database is established for storing and analysing these physiological data. The guidance of suitable physical exercises to individuals is then given in the system. This paper shows the details of the system implementation.

Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in the Informal Sector in Dakar

Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.

基于eHEALS的广东省老年人电子健康素养研究

利用eHEALS健康素养量表,调查老年人电子健康素养水平,并深入分析探讨老年人电子健康素养现状及其影响因素。研究显示:受教育程度、互联网利用情况、健康自评状态、健康信息源获取渠道、给定健康信息源利用倾向和信息回避行为对老年人电子健康素养水平存在显著的直接影响。基于此,从公共图书馆视角提出了提升老年人电子健康素养水平的策略。

E-Coach健康教育管理模式在护理领域的应用进展

从E-Coach健康教育管理模式的概述、常见干预形式与干预周期、在疾病护理管理中的应用效果以及未来发展趋势与建议方面进行综述,以期为E-Coach健康教育管理模式在我国的应用、发展提供借鉴。

Physicochemical Properties and Health Risks of Informal E-Waste Processing at Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria

This study investigated the groundwater quality and health risks associated with informal e-waste processing in the Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells in the market area and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that the groundwater quality was poor, with high levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, lead, and chromium. The health index (HI) for children and adults was above the tolerable threshold levels, indicating a potential health risk to the population. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the sources of metals in groundwater, and the results showed that informal e-waste processing was a significant source of contamination. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the potential health risks associated with informal e-waste processing and ensure public health and environmental safety.

日间LED曝光干预对电竞青训员睡眠情况影响研究

近年来,电竞作为新兴体育运动全球迅猛发展,电竞选手和青训员数量大幅增加。然而,为了更好的视觉体验和功效,白天电竞训练常在低亮度环境(水平照度<200 lx)下进行,导致青训员缺乏足够光照刺激,易引发内分泌紊乱、昼夜节律紊乱、睡眠质量下降,以及视疲劳和注意力下降等问题。目前,关于光照强度、光谱、时间和持续时长对昼夜节律等非视觉效应的研究主要集中在医疗和办公空间,缺乏对电竞训练空间的研究。因此,本文以电竞青训员和训练空间光环境为研究对象,从改善电竞训练运动员视疲劳、昼夜节律、睡眠质量出发,在调查了解电竞训练空间光环境现状与电竞青训员训练作息安排、视疲劳和睡眠质量等情况的基础上,通过对比实验探究基于节律健康角度设置的训练作息适应性曝光模式对电竞青训员视疲劳缓解、注意力、睡眠质量改善的可能性。

E-Health环境下患者电子参与框架构建与策略研究

患者参与被认为是新阶段医疗改革的重要支柱和医疗保健质量改善的新活力。近年来E-Health技术发展迅速,为患者参与医疗保健提供了更广泛的途径以及更丰富的手段。归纳梳理出患者电子参与的基本内涵,结合国外推动患者电子参与的举措和相关文献研究构建患者电子参与框架,阐述患者电子参与的类型、媒介与方法,最后从项目支撑、患者教育和信息权限等方面提出我国在E-Health环境下推进患者电子参与具体举措。

Regulatory Framework for e Health Data Policies in Zimbabwe: Measuring FAIR Equivalency

The FAIR Guidelines—that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable(FAIR)—aim to improve the management of digital data assets for improved decision making. FAIR comprises 15 elements(called facets) that explain how data should be able to be reused by researchers and policymakers. For this research, eight policy documents were reviewed from Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Ministry of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) from 1999 to 2020. These were scrutinised to determine the mention of the FAIR Guidelines or FAIR Equivalent principles. The vision, mission statement and objectives of these documents were analysed relative to the 15 facets of FAIR. The research found that none of the policy documents in health/e Health or ICT in Zimbabwe explicitly mention the FAIR Guidelines, but all contain some FAIR Equivalent principles. Hence, the regulatory framework for health/e Health data management in Zimbabwe is aligned with the FAIR Guidelines and, therefore, a policy window is open for the adoption of FAIR Guidelines in relation to health/e Health data management.

e-Health的评估

信息通讯技术迅速发展,e-Health也随之迅速发展起来。e-Health能促进医疗卫生领域的发展,但是也可能会带来灾难,因此对e-Health进行评估很有必要。e-Health的评估框架与方法目前还处于发展初期。

A highly conductive and stretchable wearable liquid metal electronic skin for long-term conformable health monitoring

Conventional rigid electronics are usually unconformable with soft skins and tend to fail in accurate physiological monitoring and precise treatment. Electronic skins(e-Skins) made by conductive and stretchable materials offer mechanical compliance for fabricating flexible and conformable wearables. Compared to common organic or inorganic conductive materials, gallium-based liquid metals alone own superior conductivity and compliance. Here, we demonstrate a highly conductive and stretchable electronic skin with liquid metal circuits(LMCs) embedded in silicone rubber film, which are functionalized for physiological signals monitoring. Through the designs of serpentine structure, LMCs maintained good electrical conductivity and functionality under over 100% strain. Also, a wearable electrocardiogram(ECG) recording device was fabricated and tested. The device was able to acquire steady signals during real-time measurement of physical activities. The proposed liquid metal e-Skin can be further extended to conformable bio-integrated healthcare devices and intelligent health monitoring networks.

Ranking of E-Health Barriers Faced by Saudi Arabian Citizens, Healthcare Professionals and IT Specialists in Saudi Arabia

Many boundaries are hindering successful utilisation of e-health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We have previously proposed an integrated framework of knowledge management and knowledge discovery to overcome barriers of e-health in KSA. Our proposed framework facilitates diabetes self-management for diabetic citizens in the Kingdom. In this paper, we will investigate and rank the barriers of e-health in KSA from the prospective of three stakeholders. We designed a questionnaire which constituted of items related to eight different e-health barriers and its associated sub-barriers. Citizens participated in 51 items related to six barriers. Healthcare professionals answered 83 items related to eight barriers. IT specialists participated in 74 items related to six barriers. Within each group of respondents, we compared the mean scores for each factor and sub-factor. The highest possible score for the mean was 5.00 and the lowest was 0.00 where the higher the mean score was the more the barrier constituted an obstacle for e-health in KSA. Citizens ranked the connectivity of information system as the top barrier with the mean of 4.0 whereas the least barrier was the cultural barriers with the mean score of 3.1. Healthcare professionals ranked the connectivity of information systems as the top barriers with the mean score of 3.5 whereas the least barrier was the technical expertise and computer skills with the mean score of 2.2. The top ranked barrier from the perspective of IT specialists was the medication safety with the mean score of 3.5 and the least ranked barrier was security and privacy with the mean score of 2.2. The results showed consistency with the literature review. Our proposed framework will contribute to the successful implementation of e-health initiatives and assist citizens in KSA to self- manage diabetes.

E-Health and Telemedicine: Current State and Future Steps

The article reviews the questions related to building the e-health systems. The key element of the system is electronic healthcare record to be formed according to the modular approach in the form of primary and satellite electronic medical records. Person-centred healthcare is proposed as a foundation for e-health. Such an approach provides a potential opportunity for all the medical doctors to obtain necessary information about their patients at any time via the teleconsultations in particular. Transition to e-health is associated with the creation of new opportunities for making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions based on the use of build-in decision support modules. The computer-assisted software design or hybrid systems are considered as the fourth generation medical information systems. It is reasonable to implement the entire information space of e-health, including the information systems of medical institutions and regional data repositories, based on cloud-optimized storage and computing solutions. This approach is expected to be implemented in Russia as a part of the unified state health information system. The authorized access to integrated databases for medical doctors of various specialties is required. In the framework of e-health, telemedicine is considered as an important component. Main elements comprise the real-time access of medical consultants to personified medical databases and remote follow-up of patients by the means of personal or home-based telemedicine. The use of personal portable devices for the control of vital signs of the organism is especially promising. Electronic stethoscopes and specialized video cameras for acquiring objective information should be increasingly used by remote consultants. Unfortunately, this trend is still underdeveloped in Russia. In perspective, e-health as unified medical space will provide a transition to the integrated analysis of population health by medical doctors of various specialties from different countries and will open new prospects for studying health based on the intelligent analysis of integrated data of patients.

Knowledge, Practices, and Environmental and Occupational Health Risks Associated with Electronic Waste Recycling in Cotonou, Benin

Objective: The e-waste recycling is increasing worldwide, yet there remain outstanding environmental and occupational health concerns. Most research conducted on e-waste recycling has focused on only few countries (e.g., China, Ghana), thus there is a need to increase understanding of e-waste workers’ (recyclers’) knowledge and practices in other locations, that is purpose of this study. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in Cotonou, Benin, 45 e-waste recyclers were interviewed from September to November 2018. Survey data was collected concerning their demographics, professional practices, and knowledge of occupational and environmental risks associated with e-waste recycling. Results: Most participants reported the following methods of material recovery of electronic items in declining orders: dismantling (97.8%) > sorting (91.1%) > incinerating (88.9%). Only 44.2% of the recyclers reported wearing ≥ 1 piece of personal protective equipment (PPE). More than 90% of e-waste workers noted that they disposed the e-waste in natural sites. About half, 46.7% believed that e-waste can pollute water and 71.1% considered that it can pollute air and soil. Recyclers reported several diseases including respiratory (67.4%), heart (62.8%), eye (65.1%), kidney (41.9%) and cancers (30.2%) could be linked to their work, respectively. Interestingly, we also found associations between the number of electronic items dismantled per month and self-report symptoms from the e-waste recyclers such as finding blood in urine and stool, wounds, dizziness, and itchy skin. Our results also indicated associations between the number of hours worked per day and blood in urine, dizziness, itchy skin and airway obstruction. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first study to interview e-waste workers in Benin. Doing this increase understanding of their work practices and knowledge to help inform intervention and prevention activities.

基于e-Health与远程照护模式初探社区居家养老模式

e-Health通过使用信息与通讯科技,用较低的成本整合不同的健康照护服务,减少使用者接受服务时的阻碍,并协助服务递送、改变服务的状态。随着人口老龄化进程加快,创新居家养老新模式——居家远程养老已成为重要改革方向。笔者根据远程居家养老模式的管理特点,研究探索未来老年居家养老服务的可行模式及发展方向,以供参考。

Telehealth interventions to reduce management complications in type 1 diabetes:A review

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness with a high burden of care.While effective interventions and recommendations for diabetes care exist,the intensive nature of diabetes management makes compliance difficult.This isespecially true in children and adolescents as they have unique psychosocial and diabetes needs.Despite the development of effective in-person interventions targeting improving self-management and ameliorating psychosocial difficulties there are still a number of barriers to implementing these interventions,namely time,cost,and access.Telehealth interventions allow for the dissemination of these interventions to a broader audience.Self-management and psychosocial telehealth interventions are reviewed with a special emphasis on mobile phone and internet based technology use.While efficacy has been demonstrated in a number of telehealth interventions with improved cost effectiveness over inperson interventions,many challenges remain including high participant attrition and difficulties with receiving reimbursement for services rendered.These and other challenges are discussed with recommendations for researchers and telehealth providers provided.

Electronic Health Records Implementation Readiness: An Integrative Review

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to discuss the status of evidence related to the assessment of readiness of healthcare facilities for e-health initiatives implementation, specifically the common Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. Methods: An integrative review approach was utilized. The databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Ovid, ProQuest, and EBSCO host were searched for related evidence published between 2000 and 2018. Results: Seventeen studies were included in the current review. In terms of methodological approach, the included studies were 7 correlational studies, 5 review papers, 4 qualitative papers, and one mixed methods study. At the current integrative review, the themes of complex healthcare change, and the main theme of e-health readiness assessment were identified. Conclusion: Assessing and reporting the levels of readiness for EHRs implementation are highly recommended as it has a high impact on the critically-needed adoption and usage of the implemented system. Selecting the right tool for the right audience to address readiness is essential in the assessment process which is recommended to be conducted early at the road map of the project implementation. Future research is recommended to address readiness for e-health initiatives at the different settings and different target populations including communities where the healthcare facilities functions and service receivers’ readiness.