Protein-protein interactions: Methods, databases, and applications in virus-host study

Almost all the cellular processes in a living system are controlled by proteins:They regulate gene expression,catalyze chemical reactions,transport small molecules across membranes,and transmit signal across membranes.Even,a viral infection is often initiated through virus-host protein interactions.Protein-protein interactions(PPIs)are the physical contacts between two or more proteins and they represent complex biological functions.Nowadays,PPIs have been used to construct PPI networks to study complex pathways for revealing the functions of unknown proteins.Scientists have used PPIs to find the molecular basis of certain diseases and also some potential drug targets.In this review,we will discuss how PPI networks are essential to understand the molecular basis of virus-host relationships and several databases which are dedicated to virus-host interaction studies.Here,we present a short but comprehensive review on PPIs,including the experimental and computational methods of finding PPIs,the databases dedicated to virus-host PPIs,and the associated various applications in protein interaction networks of some lethal viruses with their hosts.

Performance Validation and Analysis for Multi-Method Fusion Based Image Quality Metrics in A New Image Database

Considering that there is no single full reference image quality assessment method that could give the best performance in all situations, some multi-method fusion metrics were proposed. Machine learning techniques are often involved in such multi-method fusion metrics so that its output would be more consistent with human visual perceptions. On the other hand, the robustness and generalization ability of these multi-method fusion metrics are questioned because of the scarce of images with mean opinion scores. In order to comprehensively validate whether or not the generalization ability of such multi-method fusion IQA metrics are satisfying, we construct a new image database which contains up to 60 reference images. The newly built image database is then used to test the generalization ability of different multi-method fusion IQA metrics. Cross database validation experiment indicates that in our new image database, the performances of all the multi-method fusion IQA metrics have no statistical significant different with some single-method IQA metrics such as FSIM and MAD. In the end, a thorough analysis is given to explain why the performance of multi-method fusion IQA framework drop significantly in cross database validation.

Database Research Method for Researches on International Chinese Language Teaching in an Era of Big Data

The database research method is a method that analyses, generalizes and deduces from the data of subject investigated with database techniques, quantitative statistics and mathematical models. As the big data age comes with the data explosion in modem society, the International Chinese Language Teaching （ICLT） shows signs of sizable data accumulation, remarkable economic property, strong modeling requirements and notable cross-research trends, which thus make this method necessary as a new and independent research method in the researches on this area. Theory bases, applicative areas, available software and data resources, research program designs, as well as their advantages and disadvantages will be figured out in this paper. In the near future, it will bring about a revolution to the international Chinese language teaching.

基于Geodatabase建立数字地质图数据库的方法与实践

本文简要介绍了Geodatabase空间数据模型的特点及优势,列举了创建Geodatabase数据库通用的三种方法,并以1:5万却勒塔格幅地质图为例,重点探讨了用CASE工具建立基于Geodatabase数字地质图数据库的具体过程。研究表明,用这种方法建立地质图数据库可以将面向对象方法很好地应用于空间数据库的设计中,大大缩短了建库时间,提高了建库效率,并使商用关系型数据库的技术和优势得到充分发挥。

eN-Database转捩预测方法在三维非结构求解器中的耦合与应用

为了提高机翼等飞行器部件在粘性绕流下的气动力预测精度,研究了在非结构RANS求解器中耦合转捩预测的方法。以求解三维ONERA M6机翼的转捩点位置及气动力特性为例,求解过程为:先将RANS方程求解得到的机翼表面压力分布作为层流边界层方程求解的输入参数;然后采用e N-Database转捩预测方法分析层流边界层方程求解得到的边界层内相关参数,并得到机翼的转捩点位置;最后将转捩点位置传回RANS求解器中,重新进行流场计算得到考虑转捩后的气动力特性。使用上述方法计算出的结果与实验值吻合较好,验证了程序的有效性。

Thermodynamic database of the phase diagrams in the Mg-Al-Zn-Y-Ce system

The Mg-Al-Zn-Y-Ce system is one of the key systems for designing high-strength Mg alloys. The purpose of the present article is to develop a thermodynamic database for the Mg-Al-Zn-Y-Ce multicomponent system to design Mg alloys using the calculation of phase diagrams （CALPHAD） method, where the Gibbs energies of solution phases such as liquid, fcc, bcc, and hcp phases were described by the subregular solution model, whereas those of all the compounds were described by the sublattice model. The thermodynamic parameters describing Gibbs energies of the different phases in this database were evaluated by fitting the experimental data for phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties. On the basis of this database, a lot of information concerning stable and metastable phase equilibria of isothermal and vertical sections, molar fractions of constituent phases, the liquidus projection, etc., can be predicted. This database is expected to play an important role in the design of Mg alloys.

A GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with database and its application to the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS)

We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database.We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS),which resulted in quasi-real-time processing.The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients(RRATs)and fast radio bursts(FRBs).We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band(UWB)receiver.GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB.GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars.We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be~120 times faster than the original PRESTO and~60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.

Concepts and Applications of Spatial Database for Geo-Archives Catalog

The searching method of spatial information on traditional geo-archives catalog database(TGCD) is based on the text,and the result of retrieval can be only from the text of fields of relational database.The information queried must be input into the relational database as a text form in advance,otherwise,the visitors would not get any result from it.So。

Research on the Mapping Technology of CIM and Relational Database in Power Grid

With the development of electric power industry,the requirement of information sharing and application integration between each application system is salience.To realize the real "sharing information,data maintenance uniform",and effectively eliminate "island of information",a standard,open information model of power system should be followed urgently by different systems,and a common data interface should be provided.The Common Information Model(CIM) proposed by standard of IEC-61970 solve the problem effectively.The characteristics of the CIM Model and relational database of power system are analyzed,a mapping method between CIM model based on standard of IEC61970 and relational database is proposed,and corresponding problems between object-oriented model and the relational model are solved flexiblely.

超声速边界层转捩预测e^N方法及其软件开发

首先论述了边界层转捩预测的研究现状,总结了目前三种边界层转捩预测方法的优缺点,重点从理论方面和工程应用方面分析了现有转捩预测eN方法及其预测软件的不足,展望了未来转捩预测方法和预测软件的发展趋势,然后结合工程应用的需要,提出了面向工程的基于转捩预测eN方法的超声速边界层转捩预测软件的实现途径。在对现有转捩预测eN方法进行不断改进和完善的基础上,结合流动稳定性分析和转捩工程应用方面的经验,建立特征值、感受性系数、转捩判据等一系列知识库,有望开发一套实用、全自动、高效、用户接口友好的面向工程的超声速边界层转捩预测软件。

中药炮制学专论PBL教学案例库的建设——以党参的炮制为例

为满足中医药人才培养需要,有效提高中药炮制教学质量,山西中医药大学尝试构建适合研究生教育的中药炮制学以问题为基础的学习(PBL)教学案例合集库。PBL教学法是以问题为导向,以学生为主体,以小组讨论为形式,以教师为辅助答疑的学习模式。案例是PBL教学的关键。文章以山西道地药材党参的炮制为例,通过案例设计引进PBL教学模式,在完成传统教学任务的基础上激发学生学习动力,培养学生的批判性思维和创造力。

Accurate machine learning models based on small dataset of energetic materials through spatial matrix featurization methods

A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the development of proper featurization method based on physicochemical nature of target proprieties can improve the predictive power of ML models with a smaller database.In this work,we show that two new featurization methods,volume occupation spatial matrix and heat contribution spatial matrix,can improve the accuracy in predicting energetic materials' crystal density(ρ_(crystal)) and solid phase enthalpy of formation(H_(f,solid)) using a database containing 451 energetic molecules.Their mean absolute errors are reduced from 0.048 g/cm~3 and 24.67 kcal/mol to 0.035 g/cm~3 and 9.66 kcal/mol,respectively.By leave-one-out-cross-validation,the newly developed ML models can be used to determine the performance of most kinds of energetic materials except cubanes.Our ML models are applied to predict ρ_(crystal) and H_(f,solid) of CHON-based molecules of the 150 million sized PubChem database,and screened out 56 candidates with competitive detonation performance and reasonable chemical structures.With further improvement in future,spatial matrices have the potential of becoming multifunctional ML simulation tools that could provide even better predictions in wider fields of materials science.

New Inverse Method for Determining Uniaxial Flow Properties by Spherical Indentation Test

The spherical indentation test has been successfully applied to inversely derive the tensile properties of small regions in a non-destructive way.Current inverse methods mainly rely on extensive iterative calculations,which yield a considerable computational costs.In this paper,a database method is proposed to determine tensile flow properties from a single indentation force-depth curves to avoid iterative simulations.Firstly,a database that contain numerous indentation force-depth curves is established by inputting varied Ludwic material parameters into the indentation finite elements model.Secondly,for a given experimental indentation curve,a mean square error(MSE)is designated to evaluate the deviation between the experimental curve and each curve in the database.Finally,the true stresses at a series of plastic strain can be acquired by analyzing these deviations.To validate this new method,three different steels,i.e.A508,2.25Cr1 Mo and 316L are selected.Both simulated indentation curves and experimental indentation curves are used as inputs of the database to inversely acquire the flow properties.The result indicates that the pro-posed approach provides impressive accuracy when simulated indentation curves are used,but is less accurate when experimental curves are used.This new method can derive tensile properties in a much higher efficiency compared with traditional inverse method and are therefore more adaptive to engineering application.

Simulation Study of Network Reconfiguration and Load-balancing Method for the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center

The Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center faces issues related to delay-affected services. As a result, these services cannot be implemented in a timely manner due to the overloading of transmission links. In this paper, the software-defined network technology is applied to the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(XAODCN). Specifically, a novel reconfiguration method is proposed to realise the software-defined Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(SDXAO-DCN), and a network model is constructed. To overcome the congestion problem, a traffic load-balancing algorithm is designed for fast transmission of the service traffic by combining three factors: network structure, congestion level and transmission service. The proposed algorithm is compared with current commonly load-balancing algorithms which are used in data center to verify its efficiency. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm improved transmission performance and transmission quality for the SDXAO-DCN.

Heru Search Method—Unique in the World that Uses Unprecedented Mathematical Formulas and Replaces the Binary Tree Breaking Various Paradigms Like 0(log<i>n</i>)

This paper deals with the efficiency of the search, with a method of organization and storage of the information that allows better results than the research trees or binary trees. No one ever dared to present better results than 0(log n) complexity, and when they wish to improve, they use balanced trees, but they continue to use principles that do not impact the pre-semantic information treatment. The Heru search method has as main characteristic the total or partial substitution of the use of the binary trees, enabling the elimination of the approximate results and informing the user the desired information instead of occurrences by sampling outside the desired information. The breakdown of the 0(log n) paradigm and the refinement of the searches are achieved with the use of a set of unpublished mathematical formulas and concepts called Infinite Series with Multiple Ratios.

Mapping of the Water Table Levels of Unconfined Aquifers Using Two Interpolation Methods

The spatial prediction of the water table can be used for many applications related to civil works (foundations, excavations) and other urban and environmental management activities. Deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods were used to predict the spatial distribution of water table levels (unconfined aquifers) of important geological formations of the Joao Pessoa City (capital of Paraiba State, Brazil) with dense urban occupation and high demand for new civil works. The deterministic (topo to raster) and geostatistical (ordinary kriging) interpolation methods were evaluated using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based investigation. The water table levels were obtained from 276 boring logs of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in situ investigation distributed over the geological formations studied (an area of 59.8 km2, covering 40 districts of the Joao Pessoa City). The Nspt values and textural characterization data are stored for levels of 1 m depth. Some boreholes located in the area investigated were not included in the interpolation processes in order to be compared with estimated values (validation of the results). Maps of the water table depths were also produced to further analyze the quality of the water table surfaces interpolated by both methods. The phreatic surface interpolations provided satisfactory results for both methods (RMSE = 1.8 m). The topo to raster method showed a slight general tendency to be less affected by local values in relation to the kriging method and also has the advantage of integrating the drainage flow system, which is a relevant aspect for spatial models of the water table levels of unconfined aquifers. The ordinary kriging (geostatistical method) provides a prediction surface and some measure of the certainty or accuracy of the predictions.

针对创新创业教育的数据库系统教学设计与优化

数据库系统课程是计算机专业的一门核心课程。针对创新创业能力培养的目标和要求,探讨了原有课程内容和教学方法存在的问题。着重对数据库系统课程的教学内容和教学方法进行了改进和优化,提出了有效的专创融合教学模式和教学方法。教学实践表明,优化后的教学内容和教学方法较好地提升了教学效果,增强了学生的创新创业能力。

我国高校创新创业教育研究现状与展望——基于北大核心和CSSCI数据库文献的计量学分析

为全面系统地把握我国高校创新创业教育研究现状,采用文献计量分析法对中国知网(CNKI)1999—2023年收录的1166篇有关高校创新创业教育研究的北大核心和CSSCI数据库文献,从发文数量、作者分布、研究机构、期刊来源、基金分布、关键词与研究主题等方面进行深度剖析。研究发现:当前相关研究已进入成熟阶段,成果数量逐年增多;逐步出现核心作者,但未完全形成核心作者群;研究机构以师范类、综合类高校等为主阵地,区域研究力量分布不均;文献刊载期刊分布有向部分核心期刊集中的趋势;国家级和省部级基金项目是研究成果的主要资助来源,构建多元化基金资助体系尤为重要;当前研究主题多元,但仍有广阔视域和拓展空间。未来的研究需要在以下五个方面深化拓展:一是加大政策指引;二是深化研究主题;三是拓宽研究视野;四是注重多维融合;五是突出中国特色,从而提高该领域的研究层次和成果质量。

《案例教学法在MTI口译教学中的应用:理论、实践与反思》评介

本文扼要介绍和评述姚斌教授的著作《案例教学法在MTI口译教学中的应用:理论、实践与反思》,指出其具有开拓性、实用性、学术性、职业性等主要特色,可谓系统阐述翻译专业案例教学的开山之作、口译教师的案例教学指南。同时,针对案例教学法在翻译专业教学中的推广,本文也提出了一些建议,包括建立和完善激励机制、加强专题师资培训、出台案例教学指导性文件、建立共建共享机制、积极将新兴技术与翻译案例教学相融合等。

基于中药系统毒理学数据库的中药致肾毒性及药物规律研究

目的基于中药系统毒理学数据库(TCMSTD)对中药致肾毒性及用药规律进行探究和总结。方法利用TCMSTD对收录的具有毒性的中药材按照毒性类型进行筛选并分析,总结具有肾毒性的中药材其药性、药味、功效、归经等规律。结果发现具有肾毒性的中药101种,其肾毒性依据肾脏损伤部位不同,可分为肾小管损伤、急性肾小管坏死、肾小球损伤、肾间质损伤4种,同一味中药可能对肾脏不同部位出现不同程度的损伤。具有肾毒性的中药中明确具有肾毒性的毒性成分共27种,分别属于生物碱类、酚类等13种成分类型。对肾毒性成分作用靶点进行统计分析,发现重复频次最高的靶点为ESR1、ALOX5,出现频次均为21次。101种肾毒性中药其药性多为寒、温;药味则以苦、辛为主;归经多归肝、肺、脾、肾经。结论具有肾毒性的中药药性以寒、温为主,药味以苦、辛为主,药物功效分布相对较均匀,提示一些常用传统中药在日常使用时应注意剂量与配伍,减少药物本身对肾脏的损伤。