Prolonged Release of the Local Anesthetic Butamben for Potential Use in Pain Management

Continuous delivery of local anesthetics might be useful for management of localized and chronic pain. Controlled release injectable anesthetics have been developed but they can deliver the drug for only few days and the release is not zero-order. A drug delivery system (DDS) consisting of a perforated reservoir for drug containment and release and its potential for management of chronic pain is described. Proof of principle is detailed for long-term zero order delivery of butamben. In this study, the DDS was a polyimide tube with a 0.20 mm hole and butamben release was evaluated in vitro. It is envisioned that the DDS could be implanted in proximity to a nerve, enervating the pain source, for long-term control of chronic pain.

Bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize energy losses for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

The defects from electron transport layer,perovskite layer and their interface would result in carrier nonradiative recombination losses.Poor buried interfacial contact is detrimental to charge extraction and device stability.Here,we report a bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize bulk and interfacial energy losses for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.4-trifluoromethyl-benzamidine hydrochloride(TBHCl)containing–CF_(3),amidine cation and Cl^(-)is in advance incorporated into SnO_(2)colloid solution to realize bottom-up modification.The synergistic effect of multiple functional groups and multiple-bond-induced chemical interaction are revealed theoretically and experimentally.F and Cl^(-)can passivate oxygen vacancy and/or undercoordinated Sn^(4+)defects by coordinating with Sn^(4+).The F can suppress cation migration and modulate crystallization via hydrogen bond with FA^(+),and can passivate lead defects by coordinating with Pb^(2+).The–NH_(2)–C=NH^(+)_(2)and Cl^(-)can passivate cation and anion vacancy defects through ionic bonds with perovskites,respectively.Through TBHCl modification,the suppression of agglomeration of SnO_(2)nanoparticles,bulk and interfacial defect passivation,and release of tensile strains of perovskite films are demonstrated,which resulted in a PCE enhancement from 21.28%to 23.40%and improved stability.With post-treatment,the efficiency is further improved to 23.63%.

Assessment of the crucial factors influencing the responses of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to controlled release nitrogen fertilizer: A meta-analysis

Reducing ammonia(NH3) and nitrous oxide(N2O) emissions have great effects on mitigating nitrogen(N) nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Controlled release urea(CRU) can control the N release rate, which reduces reactive N loss and increases nitrogen use efficiency relative to conventional urea(CU). However, the crucial factors influencing the responses of NH3and N2O emissions to CRU relative to CU are still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the responses of NH3and N2O emissions to CRU based on collected field data with a meta-analysis. CRU reduced the NH3and N2O emissions by 32.7 and 25.0% compared with CU, respectively. According to subgroup analysis, CRU presented better mitigation of NH3and N2O emissions in soils with pH 6.5–7.5(–47.9 and –23.7%) relative to either pH<6.5(–28.5and –21.4%) or pH>7.5(–29.3 and –17.3%), and in the rice season(–34.8 and –29.1%) relative to the wheat season(–19.8 and –22.8%). The responses of NH3and N2O emissions to CRU increased from rainfed(–30.5 and –17.0%) to irrigated(–32.5 and –22.9%), and then to paddy(–34.8 and –29.1%) systems. In addition, the response of N2O emission mitigation increased with increases in soil total nitrogen(TN);however, soil TN did not significantly affect the response of NH3volatilization. The reduction in NH3emission was greater in sandy-textured soil(–57.7%) relative to loam-textured(–32.9%) and clay-textured(–32.3%) soils, whereas soil texture did not affect N2O emission. Overall, CRU was a good option for reducing the NH3and N2O emissions relative to CU in agricultural production. This analysis improves our understanding of the crucial environmental and management factors influencing the mitigation of NH3and N2O emissions under CRU application, and these site-specific factors should be considered when applying CRU to reduce reactive N loss and increase NUE.

The Role of Blockchain in E-Governance and Decision-Making in Project and Program Management

This paper discusses the impact of e-governance powered by blockchain in the project and program management industry. With the rise in technological innovations, many countries have turned to e-governance for efficiency in service delivery, transparency, and decision-making. E-governance backed by blockchain technology entails improving the public services provision by implementing structures of information and communication technologies. There are many challenges with the traditional project management approach that causes organizations and its stakeholders’ cost and time. Thus, the introduction of blockchain has given many organizations a new approach to adopt in order to eliminate the challenges associated with the typical project management approach. In spite of the cutting-edge technology of blockchain and its broad applications in program management and e-governance, there are still many challenges that restrain its adoption on a broader scale. The research discusses the challenges of the blockchain deployment in the program management field and e-governance in private and government sectors and it highlights the efforts put by both sectors to make use of the technology. Also, the research covers the opportunities and the advantages of a blockchain adoption in various segments. The paper uses various case studies in the UAE, in both private and government sectors, and a qualitative research approach was implemented. The case studies were on government entities such as Smart Dubai and the Ministry of Health Prevention and also private entities like DP World and Emirates NBD. The paper concludes with recommendations and solutions on how to maximize the benefit of blockchain in the program management industry and how it is improving the decision-making process.

A Rapid Technique for Prediction of Nutrient Release from Polymer Coated Controlled Release Fertilizers

Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) are produced with different rates and durations of nutrient release to cater to different crops with wide ranges of nutrient requirements. A rapid technique is needed to verify the label specifications of nutrient release rate and duration. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) (43% nitrogen [N]) and polymer-coated N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) (PC_NPK;14-14-14) fertilizer products were used in this study. Soil incubation of the above CRF products at 25℃ showed that 63.6% to 70.8% of total N was released over 220 days (d). At 100℃ in water 100% of N release occurred in about 168 to 216 hours (h). Regression equations were developed for cumulative nutrient release as a function of release time separately at 25℃ and 100℃. Using the above regressions, the release duration for a given percent nutrient release at each temperature was calculated. These values were then used to establish a relationship between the release duration at 25℃ as a function of that at 100℃. This relationship is useful to predict the release duration at 25℃ of an unknown CRF product by conducting a rapid release test in water at 100℃. This study demonstrated that a rapid nutrient release test at 100℃ successfully predicted nutrient release rate and duration at 25℃, for polymer coated fertilizers. Therefore, this rapid test can be used to verify the label release rate and duration of most CRF products.

Construction and Development of China’s Earthquake Information Release System

Focused on the current situation,monitoring system,technical management regulation,process,system composition,and information publication of the earthquake information release,we summarized the construction and development of China’s earthquake information release system and expected its future.In general,China’s earthquake information release systems is able to publish auto-results with MS≥3.0 from 1 to 3 minutes,M_S≥6.0 in global from 2 to 30 minutes,and formal results with MS≥3.0 in China from 8 to 30 minutes,MS≥6.0 in global from 20 to 60 minutes.These earthquake information is released by various channels such as short message,website,microblog,mobile application,etc.

Scientific data and their release of Chang'E-1 and Chang'E-2

The Chang'E-1 and Chang'E-2 missions have successfully obtained a huge amount of lunar scientific data, through the seven onboard instruments including a CCD stereo camera, a laser altimeter, an interference imaging spectrometer, an X-ray spectrometer, a microwave radiometer, a high-energy particle detector and a solar-wind ion detector. Most of the Chang'E data are now publicly available to the science community, and this article serves as an official guide on how these data are classified and organized, and how they can be retrieved from http://159.226.88.59:7779/CE1OutENGWeb/. This article also presents the detailed specifications of various instruments and gives examples of research progress made based on these instruments.

Advances in Research of Nanochitosan for Pest Management in Agriculture

Chitosan(CS)as a biocompatible,biodegradable natural cationic polysaccharide offers unique physical and chemical characteristics:low immunogenicity,ecological safety,low toxicity,antibacterial and insecticidal property.Nanochitosan(NCS)is the nanoparticle of CS and has been widely researched in modern agricultural pesticides,such as synergists,controlled release formulations and pesticide substitutes.Based on these proprieties that help precision pesticide application,reduction the dosage of agrochemical,interest has been growing in using this nanomaterial to reduce the negative impact of residue and yield of crops.This review recapitulates the properties and preparation of NCS,and the applications of NCS in pesticides for pest management will be the emphasis.

Categorization of Software Release Risks and Its Abatement Strategy

Growing competition in the software industry with the persistently changing needs and the usual?problems associated with software release, which have made acceptance of a new software in?market, are extremely important for the success. Volatility in the software developmental processes is generally difficult to handle. The change request at any arbitrary point of time leads to the inevitable change and rework request. The software release process which broadly includes all the process that starts after the completion of development till the final deployment. This complete phase is exposed to various risks which may hamper the final result. This paper presents threat associated with software release activities and their possible mitigation and exploring the role played by the change management in controlling or reducing those risks.For the effective survival in ever changing software industry needs, Software Release Management takes a holistic view of the change and configuration relationship and work on the improvement strategies for the effective release with zero defect potential.

Green Supply Chain Evaluation System Released

Agreen supply chain evaluation system was released recently to measure a brand’s perfor-mance in managing the environmental impacts of their supply chains in China.The evaluation system,namely the Corporate Information Transparency Index(CITI),was released by the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)and the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC)at the 2014 Eco-Forum Global Conference in Guiyang,capital of Guizhou Province in July.

Relationships between Potential Risk of Hazardous Material Releases and Socio-Economic Demographic Characteristics Using Geospatial Analysis

The problem investigated in this research is about the potential risk of technological hazards, which poses a perilous threat to humankind and the environment. Rapid urbanization has been increasing the population density in an area, elevating the risk of exposure to technological disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the areas with higher chemical risk to spread awareness about the potential risk zones and reduce actual damage and casualties resulting from the hazardous substance events. The basic design of the study utilizes geospatial analysis to map the TRI (Toxics Release Inventory) facilities in the communities of Texas to establish a relationship between potential hazardous material release zones and the human population at risk. The study identified the vulnerable counties as well as investigated how those risk areas are related to race/ethnicity, income and education. The research would contribute to the policymakers acting on the hazard situation and keep them better prepared for chemical hazards. In addition, it would help the residents and emergency managers to better understand the circumstance to mitigate the consequences as well as increase their awareness to be ready for the uncertainties in the hotspots involved in high risk of the hazards.

Hierarchical pomegranate-structure design enables stress management for volume release of Si anode

Si is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity.How-ever,large stress during(de)lithiation induces severe structural pulverization,electrical contact failure,and unstable solid-electrolyte interface,which hampers the practical application of Si anode.Herein,a Si-based anode with a hierarchical pomegranate-structure(HPS-Si)was designed to modulate the stress variation,and a sub-micronized Si-based sphere was assembled by the nano-sized Si nanospheres with sub-nanometer-sized multi-phase modification of the covalently linked SiO_(2-x),SiC,and carbon.The sub-micronized HPS-Si stacked with Si nanospheres can avoid agglomerates during cycling due to the high surface energy of nanomaterials.Meanwhile,the reasonable pore structure from SiO_(2) reduction owing to density difference is enough to accommodate the limited volume expansion.The Si spheres with a size of about 50 nm can prevent self-cracking.SiO_(2-x),and SiC as flexible and rigid layers,have been syner-gistically used to reduce the surface stress of conductive carbon layers to avoid cracking.The covalent bonding immensely strengthens the link of the modification with Si nanospheres,thus resisting stress effects.Consequently,a full cell comprising an HPS-Si anode and a LiCoO_(2) cathode achieved an energy density of 415 Wh kg^(-1) with a capacity retention ratio of 87.9%after 300 cycles based on the active ma-terials.It is anticipated that the hierarchical pomegranate-structure design can provide inspiring insights for further studies of the practical application of silicon anode.

学籍管理系统的简单、低成本的设计与实践——以国产办公软件WPS为例

全国大、中专院校都已基本实现教务管理的信息化应用,但实施程度不一。随着各院校的招生、专业建设和人才培养等方面的相关政策发生递进式改革,院校教务部门服务对象和方式也在同步进行多样性改变。各院校经过多年的发展,对正在使用的旧教务管理系统进行更新换代已成为常见现象。文章针对在系统变更交替期间存在的问题提出一种应用WPS表单功能实现学籍管理的新方式,并在系统无法正常使用期间保障学籍管理工作的正常运行。文章旨在为各院校系统交替时存在上述困扰的情景提供解决方案参考。

害虫遗传控制技术的研究与应用

媒介昆虫可传播寄生虫和病毒,如疟原虫、寨卡病毒和登革热病毒等,每年在全球范围内造成重大的经济损失与人员伤亡。农业害虫则每年造成农作物产量的重大损失,严重威胁着全球粮食安全。然而,目前基于化学防治等手段已不足以完全控制害虫的发生与危害。同时,使用化学农药会导致抗性产生,造成环境污染和农药残留等。因此,生产上亟需开发新型害虫控制策略。近年来,随着基因组测序技术和基因编辑技术的发展,针对目标害虫种群及其特定靶标基因的遗传控制技术迅速发展。相比传统的有害生物防控手段如化学防治等,害虫遗传控制策略具有物种特异性、环境友好和防控高效等优势。本文主要综述了研究较为广泛的几种害虫遗传控制技术,包括昆虫不育技术(sterile insect technique, SIT)、昆虫显性致死释放(release of insects carrying a dominant lethal, RIDL)技术以及基因驱动(gene drive, GD)技术等的研究现状与应用案例。最后,我们对害虫遗传控制技术研究及其在农业害虫防治中的应用做出了几点展望:(1)建立稳定高效的遗传操作体系;(2)鉴定生殖细胞或其他组织中高效的启动子,以提高基因编辑或基因转化的效率;(3)解析害虫性别决定通路和挖掘参与害虫生殖发育的关键基因。

控释尿素的作物增产效应及其关键影响因子评价

与常规尿素相比,施用控释尿素被认为是提高作物产量的有效措施之一。然而,影响控释尿素增产的关键因素尚不清楚。基于大量的田间数据(494对作物产量数据),通过Meta分析评估了控释尿素施用对作物产量的影响及其关键影响因素。结果显示,施用控释尿素较常规尿素增产5.0%。亚组分析表明,控释尿素在壤质土壤上较常规尿素增产6.1%,而在砂质(-0.1%)和黏质(1.8%)土壤对作物产量无显著影响。控释尿素在中等季节降水量(7.9%)条件下较低降水量(3.8%)和高降水量(3.1%)表现出更高的增产效应。作物产量响应随土壤pH和季节平均温度的增加而增加,而随土壤全氮和施氮量的增加而逐渐降低。此外,控释尿素与常规尿素配施(11.2%)、雨养农田施用(6.9%)、玉米季施用(10.7%)和控释尿素撒施+耕作(8.1%)较控释尿素单施(3.9%)、灌溉田施用(3.1%)、小麦和水稻季施用(0.6%~4.0%)和其他控释尿素施肥方式(3.3%~4.3%)显著提高了作物产量(P<0.05)。总之,施用控释尿素是农业生产中提高作物产量的有效途径,但在应用中需要充分考虑特定环境条件和管理因素对增产效应的影响。

A New Solution to Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Improved Federated-Learning Chain

In the context of enterprise systems,intrusion detection(ID)emerges as a critical element driving the digital transformation of enterprises.With systems spanning various sectors of enterprises geographically dispersed,the necessity for seamless information exchange has surged significantly.The existing cross-domain solutions are challenged by such issues as insufficient security,high communication overhead,and a lack of effective update mechanisms,rendering them less feasible for prolonged application on resource-limited devices.This study proposes a new cross-domain collaboration scheme based on federated chains to streamline the server-side workload.Within this framework,individual nodes solely engage in training local data and subsequently amalgamate the final model employing a federated learning algorithm to uphold enterprise systems with efficiency and security.To curtail the resource utilization of blockchains and deter malicious nodes,a node administration module predicated on the workload paradigm is introduced,enabling the release of surplus resources in response to variations in a node’s contribution metric.Upon encountering an intrusion,the system triggers an alert and logs the characteristics of the breach,facilitating a comprehensive global update across all nodes for collective defense.Experimental results across multiple scenarios have verified the security and effectiveness of the proposed solution,with no loss of its recognition accuracy.

血液制品批签发机构非检验环节样品管理浅析

通过跟踪血液制品从批签发申请开始进入批签发机构至销毁的非检验环节流转过程,分析在血液制品管理过程中可能影响质量的关键风险点,对各环节提出精确要求。建立从血液制品的受理、流转、留样及销毁各环节的科学规范的管理制度,增强血液制品批签发机构管理的科学性,保障批签发结果的准确可溯,为批签发机构消除血液制品在非检验环节管理方面可能出现的风险提供参考依据。

基于空中交通管理与机场管理的衔接性研究

在国家的大力扶持下,目前我国的航空运输业迅猛发展,航空线路不断增加,运输能力也在直线上升,在带来巨大的经济效益的同时,也对空中交通管理和机场管理之间的衔接性提出更高的要求。如何保障二者衔接性,对提高运营效率、确保安全和优化乘客体验具有重要意义。但实际上,目前空中交通管理与机场管理衔接方面仍然存在很多问题亟待改进。对此,文章围绕空中交通管理与机场管理的衔接性展开探讨,提出一系列改进策略,包括建立数据共享平台、高效利用A-CDM决策系统、建立共享风险管控平台、统一运营协调等措施,以期进一步提高航空运输的效率和安全性,为相关政策制定提供参考和支持。

地理空间数据服务实时发布系统的设计与实现

传统地理空间数据服务发布需人工配图后进行参数配置,步骤烦琐、参数众多,生成切片时也需要大量时间,耗时耗力的同时也极易产生错误,在应对每日更新的不同类型数据时,难以及时进行服务的更新。为解决这一问题,提出了一种地理空间数据的服务实时发布系统。该系统基于不同平台进行搭建,具有快速搭建、自动化程度高、效率提升大、运行稳定等优点,可保障日益增长、不同分类、不同格式的地理空间数据服务即时发布,保障数据服务的常态化更新。将该系统应用到某应急救灾项目中取得了良好的使用效果,极大地提高了地理空间数据的服务发布及管理能力。

基于三级管理模式的智能应急处置系统设计与实现

为适应城市轨道交通当前采用的线网–线路–车站三级管理模式,设计了基于三级管理模式的智能应急处置系统。分析三级应急管理主体的建设重点及业务模型,提出三级应急处置系统架构,阐述线网客运组织影响分析、行车组织调整方案评估、应急资源分配建议、应急抢修全局联动、应急影响区段客流预测等智能化应用关键技术;通过信息上传下达相关功能的设计,实现了三级应急处置系统的高效协同,有助于提高非常态下线网级应急处置方案的合理性,从线网–线路–车站三级视角提升应急组织间的高效协同能力。