Scheduling problems on tardiness penalty and earliness award with simply linear processing time

In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date and simple linear processing times was considered. The objective is the total weighted tardiness penalty and earliness award. Some polynomial time solvable cases for this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm was provided and a branch and bound algorithm for general case of the problem was provided based on a rapid method for estimating the lower bound.

A dynamic programming algorithm for scheduling problems on earliness award and tardiness penalty with time-dependent processing time

In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date is considered. Job processing time is a linear decreasing function of its starting time. The objective function is to minimize the total weighted earliness award and tardiness penalty. Our aim is to find an optimal schedule so as to minimize the objective function. As the problem is NP-hard, some properties and polynomial time solvable cases of this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm for the general case of the problem is provided.

Identification and Gene Mapping of Completely Dominant Earliness in Rice

The completely dominant earliness was identified in a genie male-sterile and early maturing indica line 6442S-7. F1 progenies from 6442S-7 crossed with thirteen various types of medium- or late-maturing varieties, shared the same heading date as 6442S-7. The segregation of heading date in the F2 and B1F1 populations showed that the earliness of 6442S-7 is mainly controlled by two dominant major genes. The local linkage map of one dominant earliness gene harbored in 6442S-7 was constructed with F2 population and four kinds of molecular marker techniques. The results showed that the gene was located between a RFLP marker C515 and a RAPD marker OPI 11.557 on the terminal region of short arm of rice chromosome 3, 10.9cM and 1.5cM from C515 and OPI11.557, respectively. The genetic distances from the target gene to two SSR markers, RM22 and RM231, and one AFLP marker, PT671, were 3.0, 6.7 and 12.4 cM, respectively. This gene, being identified and mapped first, is designated tentatively as Ef-cd(t). As a new genetic resource of completely dominant earliness, 6442S-7 has splendid future in rice improvement.

Genetic Analysis of Earliness Traits in Short Season Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Inheritance and interrelationship of phenotype and genotype of earliness traits were evaluated in a diallel analysis involving six early-maturing parents. Date of first square （DFS）, date of first flower （DFF）, date of first open boll （DFOB）, number of node first sympodial branch （NNFSB）, and harvested rate before frost （HRBF） as earliness traits of six parents, 15 F1 hybrids and 15 F2 progenies were investigated from 2005 to 2008. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Additive, dominance and epistasis effects were analyzed with ADAA （additive- dominance-epistasis） model. HRBF, DFF, and DFOB showed significant additive genetic variances. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.088 （HN, narrow sense） and 0.416 （HNE, environment interaction） for HRBF, to 0.103 （HN） and 0.524 （HNE） for DFF, and to 0.187 （HN） and 0.519 （H~） for DFOB. Dominance genetic effects for DFS, DFF, DFOB, and NNSFB were stronger than additive effects. Additive-by-additive epistatic effects for DFS, DFOB, and NNSFB were detected and affected by environment. Correlation analysis showed generally that HRBF had a significant negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with DFS, DFOB, and NNFSB; DFS had significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with DFF, DFOB, and NNFSB; significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were also detected between DFF and DFOB, DFF and NNFSB, DFOB and NNFSB. The results showed that the lower the node to the first fruiting branch and the shorter the plant, the earlier was the onset of squaring, flowering, and boll opening, the higher was the harvest rate before frost. Heredity of earliness traits among parents and their hybrids were also detected and parents A1, A2, Bl, B2, and B3 could be used to improve earliness traits of short season cotton cultivars.

Combined Timetabling Procedure and Complete Local Search for No-Wait Job Shop Scheduling with Total Tardiness

The strong non-deterministic polynomial-hard( NP-hard)character of job shop scheduling problem( JSSP) has been acknowledged widely and it becomes stronger when attaches the nowait constraint,which widely exists in many production processes,such as chemistry process, metallurgical process. However,compared with the massive research on traditional job shop problem,little attention has been paid on the no-wait constraint.Therefore,in this paper, we have dealt with this problem by decomposing it into two sub-problems, the timetabling and sequencing problems,in traditional frame work. A new efficient combined non-order timetabling method,coordinated with objective of total tardiness,is proposed for the timetabling problems. As for the sequencing one,we have presented a modified complete local search with memory combined by crossover operator and distance counting. The entire algorithm was tested on well-known benchmark problems and compared with several existing algorithms.Computational experiments showed that our proposed algorithm performed both effectively and efficiently.

No-Wait Flowshops to Minimize Total Tardiness with Setup Times

The m-machine no-wait flowshop scheduling problem is addressed where setup times are treated as separate from processing times. The objective is to minimize total tardiness. Different dispatching rules have been investigated and three were found to be superior. Two heuristics, a simulated annealing (SA) and a genetic algorithm (GA), have been proposed by using the best performing dispatching rule as the initial solution for SA, and the three superior dispatching rules as part of the initial population for GA. Moreover, improved versions of SA and GA are proposed using an insertion algorithm. Extensive computational experiments reveal that the improved versions of SA and GA perform about 95% better than SA and GA. The improved version of GA outperforms the improved version of SA by about 3.5%.

Isolation, Identification and Earliness Effect Analysis of Rice Dominant Earliness Gene Ef-cd

Ef-cd gene is a dominant earliness gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. In this paper, through continuous backcross, self-pollination and molecular marker assisted selection, individual Ef-cd gene was isolated and its nearly isogenic lines were constructed by using early-maturing indica line 6442S-7 as the donor parent, and by using latematuring indica line Minghui 63 （MH63）, Shuhui 881 （SH881） and Shuhui 527 （SH527） as the recurrent parents （genetic background）, respectively. Further, it was found out that Ef-cd gene could generally advance rice to head 11-14 d earlier. So, it was considered that Ef-cd gene played an important role in rapid developing early-maturing and super high-yielding rice varieties.

Genetic Mechanism of Dominant Earliness in Kefeng A,a New Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line

Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines （NILs） EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL（Hd1） and NIL（Hd4）. Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.

金属矿山地质灾害风险智能监测预警技术现状与展望

金属矿山地质灾害风险智能监测预警技术是保障矿山安全生产的关键技术之一,是岩石力学应用于矿山安全领域研究的热点问题。从地质灾害风险定义、类型、监测方式、预警技术等方面出发,简述了金属矿山地质灾害风险监测预警技术的发展现状,指出在灾害风险定义方面,金属矿山地质灾害风险易发性、易损性和危险性量化分析理论体系尚不完善;在灾害风险监测与数据融合方面,多感知设备协同监测与数据融合理论仍不完善,尚未实现基于风险条件的感知设备布设方案智能调整,难以保障采动岩体力学响应的时空完整性与连续性;在灾害风险预警方法方面,监测与模拟相结合已成为矿山灾害预警发展趋势,应进一步与云计算、人工智能等技术相融合,建立完善的理论体系,实现实时动态、精准高效、智能的灾害风险预警。在此基础上,围绕“现场监测和数值模拟相结合灾害预测预警”的学术思想,提出了“地质灾害案例匹配、多源数据挖掘、力学机理分析、专家系统诊断”四位一体的灾害风险智能预测预警方法,进一步以弓长岭露天矿浅层隐伏空区垮塌与地表塌陷风险监测预警工作为背景,实现了上述方法的应用与推广。最后指出了金属矿山灾害风险智能监测预警技术存在着多源力学响应数据难以高精度连续协同感知、灾害预测预警模型参数难以精准选取、灾害监测预警系统尚不完善等问题,多灾种高性能、专用特种智能感知技术与装备,标准化数据通信协议与架构,监测—模拟相结合的灾害智能预警模型,地质灾害监测预警平台与数字孪生技术是解决上述问题的关键技术,是未来的主要发展趋势。

西藏早期铁器的年代——以西藏西部为中心

近年来,随着西藏考古工作的开展,发现了一批属于西藏地区早期金属时代的重要材料,其中包括较多铁器,为进一步细分西藏地区早期金属时代提供了关键证据。本文以皮央·东嘎墓群为中心,对出土的早期铁器年代进行分析,提出至迟在公元前5世纪(或有可能早至公元前8世纪),西藏地区已进入早期铁器时代,且至少在公元3世纪存在本土冶铁证据。对比周边地区的铁器考古资料,西藏地区早期铁器技术的传入或与新疆和克什米尔地区有关。

华夏造山系元古宙-早古生代洋板块地层分布与演化

本文按洋板块地层理论与方法,系统收集和梳理了华夏造山系元古宙-早古生代与洋壳生成扩张和俯冲消亡遗存的洋壳残块和洋盆建造(称之为洋板块地层)共96处,均有测年和岩石地球化学分析数据控制,主要包括洋脊、洋岛和洋内弧3类洋壳的火成岩建造,以及海山、远洋深海和海沟3类洋盆内的沉积建造。本文还对洋盆汇聚俯冲的直接产物-陆缘弧和叠加在裂离地块上的火山弧建造(非洋板块地层)系统收集梳理了85处,其中59处有测年和岩石地球化学分析数据控制,26处无测年与地球化学分析,但有实测剖面控制。笔者对上述181处中的39处进行了野外实地考察和相关样品采集与分析。在上述所获大量资料的基础上,本文主要以图解形式展示了华夏造山系元古宙-早古生代主要洋板块地层分布与构造演化历程。横向上将华夏造山系划分为江绍-郴州-钦防对接带(主要含陈蔡-龙游、神政桥-神山、鹰扬关和糯垌4个含蛇绿岩残块增生楔,以及绍兴-兰溪增生弧和钦防残余洋盆)、武夷-赣州多岛弧盆系(主要含罗霄弧、赣州弧间盆地、北武夷弧和南武夷弧以及南平-宁化构造混杂岩带)和东南沿海多岛弧盆系(主要含龙泉-政和-大埔、贵子-石窝2个含蛇绿岩残块增生楔,以及伴生的云开地块-弧、粤南弧-弧背盆地和东南沿海地块);纵向上据洋板块地层和相关火山弧时空分布,从老至新划分出华夏造山系(华南洋)的7个构造演化阶段:(1)约1800~1200 Ma,洋盆拉张形成期;(2)约1200~820 Ma,洋盆扩张与汇聚转换期;(3)约820~635 Ma洋盆汇聚俯冲、弧-弧和弧-陆增生峰期;(4)约635~541 Ma洋盆汇聚与扩张转换期;(5)约541~458 Ma洋盆扩张期;(6)约458~443 Ma洋盆汇聚俯冲、弧-陆增生峰期;(7)约443~420 Ma洋盆关闭与陆-陆碰撞、残留洋(海)期。

基于LSTM网络的单台仪器地震烈度预测模型

烈度是地震预警系统的关键产出.如何实现快速预测目标场址的地震烈度是地震预警方法技术研究中的核心问题.本文提出了一种基于长短时记忆神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)的单台仪器地震烈度的预测模型(LSTM-Ⅰ).该模型以一个台站观测到地震动参数的时间序列特征为输入,实现动态预测该台站可能遭受的最大烈度.选取了日本K-NET台网记录的102次地震的5103条强震加速度记录训练了神经网络,利用89次地震的3781条数据检验了模型的泛化能力.利用准确率、漏报率以及误报率三个评价指标评价了LSTM-Ⅰ模型的性能.结果表明,当采用P波触发后3 s的序列进行预测时,模型出现漏报的概率为46.78%,出现误报的概率为1.25%;当采用P波触发后10 s的序列进行预测时,模型出现漏报的概率大幅降低到17.6%,出现误报的概率降低到1.14%.结果表明LSTM-Ⅰ模型很好把握住了时间序列中蕴含的特征.进一步基于LSTM-Ⅰ模型评估了Ⅵ度下台站所能提供的预警时间.本文模型能够提供的预警时间与P-S波到时差接近,说明LSTM-Ⅰ模型具有较高的时效性.

胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术联合早期肠内营养支持治疗老年食管癌的临床观察

目的:研究胸腹腔镜根治术联合早期肠内营养支持治疗老年食管癌的效果。方法:研究对象选取2018年01月至2021年12月我院收治的96例老年食管癌患者,按照随机数字法分为观察组和对照组,每组各48例。对照组术后采取肠外营养支持治疗,观察组术后采取肠内营养支持治疗,比较两组患者术后住院时间、肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、下床活动时间、恢复饮食时,以及术前及术后7 d的营养相关状况指标白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、前白蛋白(PA)和体质量指数(BMI),免疫功能相关指标CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),观察两组主要并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组住院时间、肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、恢复饮食时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后7 d的ALB、TP、PA、BMI均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后7 d的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组吻合口瘘、肺部并发症及总并发症的发生率(P<0.05),均低于对照组。结论:早期肠内营养支持可以有效改善老年患者在胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术后营养状态,增强免疫功能,减少并发症,促进术后恢复,具有较大临床价值。

基于深度学习与机器视觉的起重机吊装安全监测方法

随着我国经济的快速发展,各类大型工程层出不穷,对起重机吊装作业的需求不断增加。然而,吊装作业过程中依然存在众多的安全隐患,极易造成人员伤亡等安全事故。因此,该文提出一种基于深度学习和机器视觉的起重机吊装安全监测方法。将深度学习与机器视觉相结合对监控图像中的被吊物和工人进行识别和定位,同时可自主判断工人是否佩戴安全帽。根据监测模型的识别和定位信息,获得工人与被吊物之间的空间关系,为起重机吊装过程提供安全预警信息。为了提高所提方法的实用性和便携性,开发一个起重机吊装安全智能监测系统,不仅可以实时显示监控图像的识别结果,而且能够输出场景的语义描述、发出安全预警信号。

童年早期情感受虐与青少年早期手机成瘾水平:一般与社交焦虑及家庭社会经济地位的作用

基于844名初一学生自陈问卷数据(平均年龄13.21岁,男生53.00%),考察了童年早期情感受虐与青少年早期手机成瘾的关系,检验了青少年一般与社交焦虑及家庭社会经济地位的作用。发现一般焦虑可中介情感虐待和忽视与手机成瘾的正向联系,社交焦虑只中介了情感虐待与高家庭社会经济地位青少年手机成瘾的正向联系。与手机使用相关的教育工作应重点关注有早期情感创伤的青少年,尤其是其家庭经济地位和焦虑情绪的作用,以开展更具针对性的干预。

《碛砂藏》随函音义甾思韵考

《碛砂藏》的随函音义作于宋初,其中止摄开口精、庄组字改良切下字,比例超过90%(少数特殊情况除外),而且完全不作其他字的切下字,反映甾思韵已经独立。甾思韵的性质大概是舌尖元音,有?、?两个条件变体,分别出现在精、庄组声母之后。甾思韵进一步发展,则为《韵会》的赀字母韵,演变路径与《中原音韵》的支思韵不同。

内分泌指标及超声检查在小儿胰腺损伤早期诊断中的应用

腹部外伤的发生率在小儿创伤中占比逐年增加,创伤性胰腺损伤应引起临床医生的足够重视。胰腺位于腹膜后,尤其是Ⅰ、Ⅱ级损伤的患儿,其早期诊断较为困难。本文通过文献复习,分析内分泌指标及腹部超声检查在小儿胰腺损伤早期诊断中的价值,以提高早诊率,避免相关并发症的发生。内分泌指标中血清胰岛素、C肽等指标的变化,对于诊断和评估小儿胰腺损伤有一定的优势,可作为小儿胰腺损伤病情的预警指标。超声弹性成像技术为胰腺损伤的诊断和鉴别提供了新的方法;而对比增强超声在识别患儿胰腺损伤中具有较高的特异度及敏感度,由于其无放射性损害,有望成为CT检查的替代方案。

儿童急性早幼粒细胞白血病早期死亡危险因素分析

目的分析初诊急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)早期死亡患儿的临床特点,探讨直接死亡原因和导致早期死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月连续收治的初诊APL患儿的临床资料。结果纳入103例APL患儿,男56例、女47例,中位发病年龄9.0(7.0~13.0)岁,低、中、高危组患儿分别为24例、41例、38例,早期死亡13例。与生存组比较,早期死亡组初诊白细胞计数(WBC)≥100×109/L、凝血酶原时间(PT)延长≥3 s、D-二聚体≥9 mg/L、骨髓早幼粒细胞≥90%、危险度为高危的比例较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发生早期死亡的13例患儿中,男10例、女3例,从诊断至死亡的中位时间为4.0(2.0~7.0)d。13例患儿均死于出血,其中颅内出血13例,颅内出血合并肺出血5例。多因素logistic回归分析显示,初诊WBC≥10×109/L(OR=17.27,SE=1.12,95%CI:1.92~155.04)是发生早期死亡的独立危险因素。结论儿童APL早期病死率高,初诊WBC≥10×109/L是APL患儿发生早期死亡的重要预测因子。

金属组学在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的应用

为探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(^(2+))、Fe^(^(2+))、Mg^(^(2+))含量变化,并研究其与心肌梗死患者之间的关系。选取2022年5月至2023年2月收治的AMI患者37例,同时选取健康体检者35例作为对照组。依据入院时或体检时收集的抽血样本进行临床生化分析,比较两组间血清K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量,采用判别方程、主成分分析法(PCA),判断分析哪种金属离子对于心肌梗死的诊断价值大。结果表明,AMI患者的血清中Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)含量低于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义。基于血钙、铁水平两组具有显著性差异,以它们为基础进行判别分析,获得判别函数式。将血清中K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的数据代入进行PCA,绘制并分析PCA载荷因子图,可以判断发现Fe^(2+)对于诊断的价值最大。AMI患者的血清中Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)含量较低,同时Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)对于诊断心肌梗死具有临床价值。

基于黏膜sIgA抗体的非洲猪瘟病毒感染早期血清学检测方法的建立

目前的非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)血清学检测方法存在因采血引起交叉感染风险、抗体转阳滞后影响检测敏感性等问题,因此建立一种无创采样且可实现早期诊断的血清学方法对于在临床上ASFV感染的诊断与监测有重要意义。本研究以人工合成的方式构建了pFastbac1-P30-His重组表达载体,利用杆状病毒-昆虫细胞真核表达系统表达ASFV重组P30蛋白(SUMO-P30),用Ni柱亲和纯化后作为包被抗原,经过一系列条件优化,建立一种以猪口腔液中黏膜sIgA抗体为靶标的ASFV抗体间接ELISA方法。结果显示,真核重组表达的P30蛋白(SUMO-P30)约为47 ku,Western blot鉴定显示其具有良好的反应原性;经优化确定了ELISA最佳反应条件:包被量为1.0μg·mL^(-1),5%脱脂乳为最佳样品稀释液,与待检口腔液的最佳混合比例为2∶8,样品反应时间为120 min,鼠抗猪IgA-HRP最佳稀释度为1∶5000,反应时间为60 min,最佳显色时间为15 min。该方法检测ASFV感染口腔液抗体效价可达1∶32,与猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒黏膜抗体阳性口腔液均无交叉反应,具有良好的敏感性和特异性。利用该方法和ASFV商品化ELISA血清抗体检测试剂盒,分别检测感染ASFV强毒株或人工致弱株后同一头猪不同时间点的口腔液和血清样品,口腔液中黏膜sIgA抗体在感染后3~5 d S/P值就显著提升,而血清抗体在监测期内未检测到转阳。检测人工感染或同圈感染自然变异株后不同时间点的口腔液和血清样品,本研究建立的方法与商品化非洲猪瘟病毒血清抗体检测试剂盒检测的阳性符合率为100%,阴性符合率为37.5%,总符合率为61.5%。综上,本研究建立了一种无需采血,以口腔液为样品的ASFV黏膜sIgA抗体ELSIA检测方法,可实现ASFV感染的无创、早期、敏感诊断,为ASFV的监测和防控提供新的技术支持和补充。