Early termination of immune tolerance state of hepatitis B virus infection explains liver damage

AIM: To assess an early termination of immune toler-ance state of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Ban-gladesh and its clinical significance. METHODS: From a series of 167 treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients aged between 12 to 20 years(mean ± SD; 17.5 ± 2.8 years), percutaneous liver biopsies of 89 patients who were all hepatitis B e antigen negative at presentation were done. Of them, 81 were included in the study. They had persistently normal or raised serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) values. A precore mutation(PCM) study was accom-plished in 8 patients who were randomly selected. RESULTS: Forty-four(53.7%) patients had significant necroinflammation(HAI-NI > 7), while significant fi-brosis(HAI-F ≥ 3) was seen in 15(18.5%) patients. Serum ALT(cut off 42 U/L) was raised in 29(35.8%) patients, while low HBV DNA load(< 105 copies/mL)was observed in 57(70.4%) patients. PCM was nega-tive in all 8 patients. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the current concept of age-related immune tolerance state of HBV infection deserves further analyses in different popula-tion groups.

Effect of Low Dose of Mifeprostone in Capsules combined with Misoprostol on Termination of Early Pregnancy

ve In this double-blind randomized trial, we compare the effect of 75 mg mifeprostone in capsules on termination of early pregnancy was compared with that of 150 mg in tablets combined with misoprostol.

Clinical Pharmacodynamics of Mifepristone（RU486） for Termination of Early－Pregnancy

Twenty-four healthy female volunteers with amenorrhea for seven weeks or less.asking for legal termination of pregnancy were recruited and divided into 4 groups (6 each). The subjects were orally administered with RU486 of 50mg (Group Ⅰ). 50mg Q12hx 6 (GrouP Ⅱ),200mg(GrouP Ⅲ)or 600mg(Group Ⅳ).Vacuum aspiration(GrouP Ⅰ)or Methyl Carprost Suppository(PGOS 1.0mg)(GrouP Ⅱ-Ⅳ)was given 72h after the firsl dose followed by a 6--hour medl'cal survel'llance.Blood samples were collected on day 1-6,8,15,43 to measure the serum levels of β-hCG,E2,P,PRL,ACTH, Cortisol,T3,T4 and TSH in each subject.The results showed that no significant dose-effect relationship was observed in terms of clinical efficacy,vaginal bleeding or side effects.All four groups shared the same tendency of changes in serum levels of β-hCG,E2 and P.β-hCG levels increased by 50-100% (P<0.01)24h prior to treatment,and continued ic ipcrease following lreatment until the sac expulsion.EZ levels l'n each group reinal'ned higher than pre-treatment values with the gradual decline in P levels.β-hCG,E2 and P decreased drastically after abortion,levels of β-hCG,E2,P on day 5 were only 35-60% (P<0.01),32-46%(P<0.01)and 30-56%(P<0.01)of those on day 4 respectively.The mean PRL levels on day 2-4 in each group increased obviously but declined gradually following the sac ex.pulsion.During treatment,the respective cortisol levels increased dramatically,the average levels ofcortisol on day 2-4 were 30-40%(P<0.05) l'n GrouP Ⅰ-Ⅲ and 60%(P< 0.01) in Group Ⅳ higher as compared with day 1 values, while decreased rapidly af ter termination of pregnancy as indicated that cortisol levels on day 5 were only 67-81%(P<0.05) of those on day 4.The changes in ACTH,T3,T4,TSH levels were of no statistic sigulAance(P>0.05).This study indicated that RU486 has no dose-effect relationship when used for interruption of early pregnancy and its main action site seems neither in ovary nor in villi.It has some effects on pituitary-adrenal axis,especially in large dosage,however,it has no obvious impact on pituilary-thyroid axis.It seems that the changes in PRL serum levels were directly due to the drug itsed ifs clinical significance should be further studied.

Efficient Early Termination Strategy for LDPC Codes in GPS Systems

By exploiting the structural features of L1C messages,a novel Early Termination( ET) strategy is proposed to speed up the decoding of low-density parity-check( LDPC) codes in the GPS system. The proposed strategy is based on the cyclic redundancy check( CRC) of the messages in the subframes 2 and 3. The simulation results show that average number of iterations of the proposed strategy is less than that of the standard ET strategy,with nearly no degradation in decoding performance. Besides,the proposed ET strategy can be efficiently implemented in a sequential or parallel manner. Thus,the proposed ET strategy is attractive for practical purposes.

Early exercise European option and early termination American option pricing models

The maximum relative error between continuous-time American option pricing model and binomial tree model is very small. In order to improve the European and American options in trade course, the thesis tried to build early exercise European option and early termination American option pricing models. Firstly, the authors reviewed the characteristics of American option and European option, then there was compares between them. Base on continuous-time American option pricing model, this research analyzed the value of these options.

LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平对不完全性川崎病的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、白蛋白(ALB)水平对不完全性川崎病(IKD)的早期诊断价值。方法:选取巴彦淖尔市医院2020年1月—2023年1月收治的80例IKD患儿作为IKD组,选取本院同期收治的80例典型川崎病(KD)患儿作为KD组。所有患儿入院后检测LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平,对比IKD组与KD组一般情况和LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平。通过受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平对IKD的早期诊断价值。同时将80例IKD患儿依照冠脉损伤情况分为两个亚组,即无损伤组(n=30)和损伤组(n=50),对比两组LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平。结果:IKD组和KD组性别、年龄及高热、多形性皮疹、口腔黏膜变化占比对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);IKD组发热时间长于KD组,指端改变、结膜充血、颈部淋巴结肿大占比低于KD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);IKD组LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平均明显高于KD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB三者联合对IKD的诊断效能优于单一检测;损伤组LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平均明显高于无损伤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平对IKD的早期诊断价值较高,且临床可考虑通过LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB三者联合来诊断IKD。

Factors associated with early virological response to peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C

AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400 000 vs ≥ 400 000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d).RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventyeight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 μg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR.

Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels predict early recurrence after the resection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a serious disease with a poor prognosis.Only a minority of patients undergo surgery due to the advanced stage of the disease,and patients with early-stage disease,who are expected to have a better prognosis,often experience recurrence.Thus,it is important to identify the risk factors for early recurrence and to develop an adequate treatment plan.AIM To evaluate the predictive factors associated with the early recurrence of earlystage PDAC.METHODS This study enrolled 407 patients with stage I PDAC undergoing upfront surgical resection between January 2000 and April 2016.Early recurrence was defined as a diagnosis of recurrence within 6 mo of surgery.The optimal cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for early recurrence.RESULTS Of the 407 patients,98 patients(24.1%)experienced early disease recurrence:26(26.5%)local and 72(73.5%)distant sites.In total,253(62.2%)patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.On ROC curve analysis,the optimal cutoff values for early recurrence were 70 U/mL and 2.85 cm for carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9)levels and tumor size,respectively.Of the 181 patients with CA 19-9 level>70 U/mL,59(32.6%)had early recurrence,compared to 39(17.4%)of 226 patients with CA 19-9 level≤70 U/mL(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that CA 19-9 level>70 U/mL(P=0.006),tumor size>2.85 cm(P=0.004),poor differentiation(P=0.008),and non-adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.025)were significant risk factors for early recurrence in early-stage PDAC.CONCLUSION Elevated CA 19-9 level(cutoff value>70 U/mL)can be a reliable predictive factor for early recurrence in early-stage PDAC.As adjuvant chemotherapy can prevent early recurrence,it should be recommended for patients susceptible to early recurrence.

Parity-check and G-matrix based intelligent early stopping criterion for belief propagation decoder for polar codes

The error correction performance of Belief Propagation(BP)decoding for polar codes is satisfactory compared with the Successive Cancellation(SC)decoding.Nevertheless,it has to complete a fixed number of iterations,which results in high computational complexity.This necessitates an intelligent identification of successful BP decoding for early termination of the decoding process to avoid unnecessary iterations and minimize the computational complexity of BP decoding.This paper proposes a hybrid technique that combines the“paritycheck”with the“G-matrix”to reduce the computational complexity of BP decoder for polar codes.The proposed hybrid technique takes advantage of the parity-check to intelligently identify the valid codeword at an early stage and terminate the BP decoding process,which minimizes the overhead of the G-matrix and reduces the computational complexity of BP decoding.We explore a detailed mechanism incorporating the parity bits as outer code and prove that the proposed hybrid technique minimizes the computational complexity while preserving the BP error correction performance.Moreover,mathematical formulation for the proposed hybrid technique that minimizes the computation cost of the G-matrix is elaborated.The performance of the proposed hybrid technique is validated by comparing it with the state-of-the-art early stopping criteria for BP decoding.Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid technique reduces the iterations by about 90%of BP decoding in a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)(i.e.,3.5~4 dB),and approaches the error correction performance of G-matrix and conventional BP decoder for polar codes.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EGYPT AND PALESTINE IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE(ca.3400-2000 BCE)

The relationship between Egypt and Palestine can be traced back to theChalcolithic Age thanks to the evidence of current excavations in the Nile Deltaand Sinal.Palestinian pottery and cast metal objects from the Delta sites of Maadi,Minshat Abu Omar,and elsewhere have proved contacts with Palestine inProtodynastic(Nagada Ⅱ-Ⅲ)times.The Egyptian Protodynastic Period andDynasty 1 were contemporary with the Palestinian EB Ⅰ and EB Ⅲ,and

早期高压氧联合依达拉奉治疗急性一氧化碳中毒的疗效及对血清NT-proBNP、NLR及PLR水平的影响

目的 探究早期高压氧联合依达拉奉治疗急性一氧化碳中毒的疗效及对患者血清N末端脑钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及血小板-淋巴细胞比值(PLR)水平的影响。方法 选取广德市中医院2020年2月至2023年10月期间急诊收治的急性一氧化碳重度患者102例,按照治疗方案分为两组,所有患者均接受常规治疗,在常规治疗基础上给予早期高压氧治疗48例为对照组,在对照组基础上加用依达拉奉治疗54例为联合组。比较两组临床疗效、血清NT-proBNP、NLR及PLR水平及不良反应情况等。结果 联合组总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.262,P<0.05);与治疗前比较,联合组与对照组治疗后血清NT-proBNP、NLR及PLR水平均下降,且联合组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=7.363、6.870、3.489,P<0.05);相较对照组,联合组治疗期间不良反应发生率、随访3月并发症总发生率稍低,但差异不具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.021、3.474,P>0.05)。结论 早期高压氧联合依达拉奉应用于急性一氧化碳中毒治疗效果确切,可有效降低患者NT-proBNP、NLR及PLR水平,减少近期内并发症发生率,安全性良好。

大图中多样化Top-k模式挖掘算法研究

频繁模式挖掘(Frequent Pattern Mining,FPM)是图数据挖掘领域的一项重要任务。该任务的目标是从图数据中找到出现频次大于给定阈值的所有模式。近年来,随着社交网络等大规模图数据的涌现,单一大图上的FPM问题受到广泛关注,并得到了较为充分的研究,取得了一系列研究成果。然而,已有技术大都存在着计算成本高、挖掘结果理解困难以及并行计算难等问题。针对上述问题,文中提出了一种从大规模图数据中挖掘多样化top-k模式的方法。首先设计了一个多样化函数,用于度量模式集合的多样性;随后设计了一种面向分布式图数据,具有提前终止特性的分布式挖掘算法DisTopk,以实现多样化top-k模式高效挖掘。在真实图数据和合成图数据上进行了大量实验,结果表明,与传统分布式挖掘算法相比,DisTopk算法能更高效地挖掘多样化top-k模式。

南天山西端乌帕塔尔坎群发现石炭-二叠纪放射虫化石

南天山西端的乌帕塔尔坎群为一套灰色、深灰色细碎屑岩,夹火山岩、硅岩和碳酸盐岩,其中分布有一些超基性岩(块)。以往曾据灰岩夹层中的化石将其划归志留系中泥盆统或前泥盆系。我们对乌帕塔尔坎群中所采集的24块硅岩样品进行室内分离和鉴定,发现的放射虫化石主要有Albaillellasp. cfA. undulataDeflandre,Albaillellasp. cfA. paradoxaDeflandre,Albaillellacf. A. deflandreiGourmelon,Albaillellasp. cf. A. indensisWon,Albaillellasp. cf. Al baillellaexcelsaIshiga, KitoandImoto,Albaillellasp.和Latentifistulidaegen. et. sp. indet.。其中可划分出两个放射虫化石组合,一个是以Albaillellasp. cfA. undulataDeflandre,Albaillellasp.cfA. paradoxaDeflandre,Albaillellacf. A. deflandreiGourmelon和Albaillellasp. cf. A. indensisWon为代表的早石炭世早期的化石组合;另一个是以Albaillellasp. cf. AlbaillellaexcelsaIshi ga, KitoandImoto为代表的晚二叠世化石组合。说明乌帕塔尔坎群至少可能包含有志留系到二叠系不同时代的岩石,可能是蛇绿混杂岩。这是该群首次发现放射虫化石,特别是再次发现晚二叠世放射虫化石,进一步证实了南天山西段晚二叠世(残余)古洋盆存在的可能性。

联合应用三苯氧胺与dl-15-甲基-前列腺素F_(2a)抗早孕

将抗雌激素药物三苯氧胺(Tamoxifen,Tam)与dl-15-甲基-前列腺素F_(2a)(15-m-PGF2_(2a))联合使用抗早孕34例,其中8例用Tam前、后用放射免疫法作血清激素测定。在另一组18例早孕人工流产手术(人流术)妇女中,观察了Tam对绒毛及蜕膜组织的影响。结果:本组34例中31例(91.18％)完全流产,1例(2.94％)不完全流产,2例(5.88％)失败。用Tam后血清绒毛膜促进腺[激]素β亚单位(β-hCG)倍增时间明显延长,为7.854-1.52d(X±SE)。提示Tam可抑制早孕时hCG的分泌。用Tam后蜕膜组织胞浆和胞核的雌二醇(E_2)受体含量以及胞浆孕酮(P_0)受体含量下降不显著。

大别山东端郯庐断裂带由走滑向伸展运动转换的^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar年代学记录

通过对大别山东端郯庐左旋韧性剪切带中一系列含白云母、黑云母、斜长石和钾长石的糜棱岩样品40Ar-39Ar同位素年代学研究,发现大别山东端的郯庐断裂带在距今139Ma之前发生过一次左行平移运动,随后转变为伸展活动,由走滑向伸展活动转换的时间介于距今139Ma至128Ma之间。在伸展活动中,大别山东端的郯庐走滑韧性剪切带发生了缓慢的抬升和冷却,从而导致封闭温度较低的矿物记录了较小的年龄。黑云母110Ma±以及斜长石97~92Ma的40Ar-39Ar年龄值指示郯庐断裂带的伸展活动一直持续到距今90Ma±。

联合应用dI-15-甲基PGF_(2α)与RU486抗早孕的临床研究

本文报道80例早孕≤49天,用不同剂量dl-15-甲基PGF_(2α)(以下简称PG)与不同剂量RU486配伍,分成三组,进行抗早孕比较,结果三组成功率达100%,完全流产率94.87%。三组完全流产率无显著差异。组ⅢRU486 25mg,每日2次,2天总量100mg,第三天加PG 0.5mg 肌注,完全流产率95%,大大减少PG 用量,明显减轻了副反应,为三组首选抗早孕配伍。为目前国内外报道抗早孕的RU486最小剂量。

双炔失碳酯或丙睾配伍dl-15甲基PGF_(2α)抗早孕的临床比较

本文报告65例双炔失碳酯配伍d1-15甲基PGF_(2α)(以下简称PG)抗早孕结果并与33例丙睾配伍PG抗早孕结果进行比较。结果显示,双炔失碳酯组完全流产59例,占90%;不全流产3例,占5%;失败3例,占5%;总有效率95%。丙睾组完全流产27例,占82%;不全流产6例,占18%;总有效率100%。两组总有效率无显著差异;完全流产率无显著差异;但不全流产率有明显差异(P<0.05)。药流后点滴出血天数,双炔失碳酯组平均为8.1±5.0天;丙睾组平均为18.9±19.1天;两组有明显差别(P<0.05)。双炔失碳酯经阴道给药后无一例发生心、肝、肾功能变化。

新疆东部哈尔里克山南麓石炭纪砂岩碎屑锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年及其地质意义

碎屑锆石研究是探讨其碎屑物质来源、源区特征、沉积时代和形成环境的一种有效途径。笔者通过对新疆东部哈尔里克山南麓石炭纪砂岩的47粒碎屑锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年研究,获得的年龄为388～949Ma,其主体为418～482Ma。结合锆石的矿物学特征、CL图像特点以及哈尔里克山区域地质资料,得出如下结论:(1)哈尔里克山南麓所研究的砂岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄是(388±9)Ma,这意味着这套地层不老于中泥盆世,结合区域地质资料,笔者认为这套沉积岩应是在晚石炭世沉积的;(2)所研究的砂岩的碎屑物质主要来源于哈尔里克山早古生代与岛弧演化相关的岩浆岩;(3)哈尔里克山经历了中奥陶世—早志留世与康古尔塔格洋壳残片代表的洋岩石圈板块向北俯冲有关的岛弧、石炭纪弧后盆地和晚石炭世末期弧后隆起的构造演化历史;晚石炭世末期弧后隆起是导致哈尔里克山与博格达山现今地质差异的主要原因。

(±)和(+)15-甲基PGF_(2α)甲酯的抗早孕作用

15－甲基PGF2α甲酯（PG05）对小鼠有明显的抗早孕作用。（＋）PGOS为有活性的立体异构体，其抗早孕和致腹泻作用均比（±）PGOS强，治疗指数与（±）PG05基本一致。大鼠于妊娠第7、8、9天，皮下注射（±）PG050.5mg／kg有明显的抗早孕作用；同样剂量的PGOS对去卵巢后，靠外源性孕酮和雌酮维持妊娠的大鼠无抗早孕作用。PGOS20μg／ml既可抑制hCG刺激黄体细胞分泌cAMP，又能桔抗SBr－cAMP刺激黄体细胞分泌孕酮，PG05可能在2个或2个以上环节上抑制大鼠卵巢黄体功能。

核桃早实性相关SCAR标记(1-1_(500))基因末端序列的克隆

【目的】克隆SCAR标记的核桃早实性相关基因片段[1](AFLP早实分子标记转化成的SCAR标记)的末端序列,为验证其功能和早实核桃分子育种奠定基础。【方法】采用RACE技术对SCARE标记的核桃早实性相关基因片段设计特异性PCR引物,并扩增其末端序列。【结果】分别获得了长度为453 bp和463 bp的片段,通过与NCBI核酸数据库中已经发表的序列进行比对分析,发现该基因3′末端含有358个核苷酸非编码序列。其核酸序列与葡萄假定蛋白相应部位同源性为55.26%,与葡萄重叠群相应部位同源性为38.38%,与线虫粘粒Y38F2AR基因全序列相应部位相似性为40.86%,和野猪免疫球蛋白超家族成员相应部位的相似性为39.75%,具有poly(A)尾。5′末端含有248个核苷酸非编码序列,其核酸序列与葡萄重叠群基因组鸟枪全序列相应部位同源性为39.07%,与拟南芥基因组DNA 3号染色体相应部位的同源性为42.22%,与嗜热四膜虫假定蛋白基因序列相应部位相似性为44.53%,和斑马鱼DNA序列DKEY-120E17克隆2号连锁群全序列相应部位相似性为42.30%。【结论】试验采用的3′和5′末端快速扩增技术(3′RACE和5′RACE技术)能很好地扩增核桃早实性相关基因的末端序列。