Proteomic-Level Responses of Early-Weaned Piglets to Dietary Arginine Supplementation

Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the immune status and protein synthesis in early-weaned pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate how arginine affects the expression of key proteins that regulate growth and nutrient transport of jejunum, a total of 12 healthy piglets （21 day-old, similar body weight, Landrace x Yorkshire） delivered by four sows were randomly divided into two groups. Piglets in the test group were reared with feed supplemented L-arginine at a concentration of 6.0 g/kg, while piglets in the control group were fed with feed supplemented L-alanine at a concentration of 12.3 g/kg （isonitrogenous control）. After 7 d, jejunum mucosae was collected and analyzed with the 2-D PAGE MS technology. Compared with the control pigs, arginine decreased the levels of proteins that regulate the protein syn- thesis, intermediary metabolism and tissue growth （ similar to anterior gradient 2 homolog, cyclophilin_ABHJike, hypothetical protein FLJ39502 and tetratrioopeptide repeat domain 16, similar to KIAA0156, mitechondrial ATP synthase, hydrion transporting F1 complex, beta subunit and alpha-tu- bulin ubiquitous isoform 19, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta subunit precursor）. In addition, arginine increased the levels of proteins that are involved in proteolysis and immune response （ PGAM1, T cell receptor beta variable 20, membrane steroid binding protein, similar to myomesin-1, and chain A, structure of pig muscle Pgk complexed with MgATP）. Therefore, arginine influences the immune response and protein synthesis mechanisms as well as improves eady weaned stress syndrome of piglets.

Lactobacillus frumenti mediates energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver of early-weaned piglets

Background:Early-weaning of piglets is often accompanied by severe disorders,especially diarrhea.The gut microbiota and its metabolites play a critical role in the maintenance of the physiologic and metabolic homeostasis of the host.Our previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of Lactobacillus frumenti improves epithelial barrier functions and confers diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets.However,the metabolic response to L.frumenti administration remains unclear.Then,we conducted simultaneous serum and hepatic metabolomic analyses in early-weaned piglets administered by L.frumenti or phosphatebuffered saline(PBS).Results:A total of 1006-day-old crossbred piglets(Landrace×Yorkshire)were randomly divided into two groups and piglets received PBS(sterile,2 m L)or L.frumenti(suspension in PBS,10~8 CFU/m L,2 m L)by oral administration once per day from 6 to 20 days of age.Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age.Serum and liver samples for metabolomic analyses were collected at 26 days of age.Principal components analysis(PCA)showed that L.frumenti altered metabolism in serum and liver.Numerous correlations(P<0.05)were identified among the serum and liver metabolites that were affected by L.frumenti.Concentrations of guanosine monophosphate(GMP),inosine monophosphate(IMP),and uric acid were higher in serum of L.frumenti administration piglets.Pathway analysis indicated that L.frumenti regulated fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in serum and liver.Concentrations of fatty acidβ-oxidation related metabolites in serum(such as3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine,C4-OH)and liver(such as acetylcarnitine)were increased after L.frumenti administration.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that L.frumenti regulates lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the liver of early-weaned piglets,where it promotes fatty acidβ-oxidation and energy production.High serum concentrations of nucleotide intermediates,which may be an alternative strategy to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in early-weaned piglets,were further detected.These findings broaden our understanding of the relationships between the gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in the early-weaned piglets.

Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Intestinal Mucosal Protein,DNA and Mucosal Morphology of Early-Weaned Piglets

Forty piglets weaned at 21 days age were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The treatment group contained 1. 2% glutamine. The diets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, each treatment contained five replicates of four piglets. Five piglets from each dietary treatment were killed at 35 days and 49 days age. The results showed that dietary glutamine supplementation increased jejunal DNA content of piglets in the treatment group at 35 days and 49 days age. There was no significant change of ileum DNA content and intestinal protein content between the treatment and control ones. Dietary glutamine supplementation increased mucosal thickness of piglets in treatment group markedly at 35 days age. The intestinal villus heights were significantly higher in treatment than that in control. The results of electron micrograph showed that dietary glutamine supplementation prevented deterioration of intestinal epithelium, and maintained normal intestinal microvillus structure. The results suggested that glutamine supplementation prevented villus atrophy, and had protective effect on intestinal structure.

Breeding of Mycoplasmal pneumonia-negative Swine Population Using Combination Therapy,Segregated Early Weaning(SEW) and Three-point Production System

In order to explore a breeding method for mycoplasmal pneumonia-negative swine population, the purifying effects of combination therapy, SEW and three-point breeding and management system on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were investigated in this study. After the processes of screening pregnant sows, programmed therapy for sows, SEW, three-point breeding and management in the barrier isolation system and programmed therapy for piglets, the newly-bred piglets were monitored as long as four months by serum antibody detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and fluorescent quantitative PCR of nose swabs. The results showed that when the newlybred five batches of piglets were older than 35 d, they were all negative by serum antibody detection and nose swab antigen detection. Therefore, the combination therapy, SEW and three-point production and management system can effectively purify Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, providing theoretical basis and clinical experience for the control and purification of domestic mycoplasmal pneumonia.

Effects of Supplemental Histamine on Gastric Acid Secretion, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Microfloral of Early Weaned Piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplemental histamine in the diet of early-weaned piglets. In experiment A, 24 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.10±0. 40 kg, weaned at the age of 28 days, were divided into four groups, fed with basal diet of low dietary copper without (control) or with supplemental histamine at 60, 120, 180μg kg-1 BW. During the two weeks and the third week after weaning, ADG(average daily gain) of piglets were increased by 15.8%(P<0. 05), 9.5%(P< 0.10) by addition of 60μg kg-1 BW histamine, but decreased by addition of 180μg kg-1BW histamine, which also increased the amount of E. coli in colon and the scour incidence. The secretion of gastric acid and pepsin were improved by both dose of supplemental histamine (60, 180μg kg-1BW) and gastric digesta pH were decreased by both. Addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine improved the activities of trypsin, amylase in duodelum digesta. In experiment B, 12 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6. 85±0.35 kg, weaned at the age of 28 days, were divided into two groups, fed with basal diet of high dietary copper without (control) or with supplemental 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. During the two weeks and the third week after weaning, ADG of piglets were increased by 9. 8% (P<0.05), 7. 0% (P<0. 10). The secretion of gastric acid, activities of trypsin and amylase in duodelum digesta, were also improved by addition of 60 μg kg-1BW histamine. The results showed that addition of histamine (60μg kg-1BW) in early weaned piglets could increase the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, reduce gastric digesta pH and scour incidence, improve activities of trypsin, amylase in duodelum digesta, and the growing performance of early weaned piglets.

Distinct neuronal excitability alterations of medial prefrontal cortex in early-life neglect model of rats

Object:Early-life neglect has irreversible emotional effects on the central nervous system.In this work,we aimed to elucidate distinct functional neural changes in me-dial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of model rats.Methods:Maternal separation with early weaning was used as a rat model of early-life neglect.The excitation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in rat mPFC was recorded and analyzed by whole-cell patch clamp.Results:Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of mPFC were distinguished by typi-cal electrophysiological properties.The excitation of mPFC glutamatergic neurons was significantly increased in male groups,while the excitation of mPFC GABAergic neurons was significant in both female and male groups,but mainly in terms of rest membrane potential and amplitude,respectively.Conclusions:Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in medial prefrontal cortex showed different excitability changes in a rat model of early-life neglect,which can contribute to distinct mechanisms for emotional and cognitive manifestations.

Factors associated with early virological response to peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C

AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400 000 vs ≥ 400 000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d).RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventyeight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 μg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR.

Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels predict early recurrence after the resection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a serious disease with a poor prognosis.Only a minority of patients undergo surgery due to the advanced stage of the disease,and patients with early-stage disease,who are expected to have a better prognosis,often experience recurrence.Thus,it is important to identify the risk factors for early recurrence and to develop an adequate treatment plan.AIM To evaluate the predictive factors associated with the early recurrence of earlystage PDAC.METHODS This study enrolled 407 patients with stage I PDAC undergoing upfront surgical resection between January 2000 and April 2016.Early recurrence was defined as a diagnosis of recurrence within 6 mo of surgery.The optimal cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for early recurrence.RESULTS Of the 407 patients,98 patients(24.1%)experienced early disease recurrence:26(26.5%)local and 72(73.5%)distant sites.In total,253(62.2%)patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.On ROC curve analysis,the optimal cutoff values for early recurrence were 70 U/mL and 2.85 cm for carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9)levels and tumor size,respectively.Of the 181 patients with CA 19-9 level>70 U/mL,59(32.6%)had early recurrence,compared to 39(17.4%)of 226 patients with CA 19-9 level≤70 U/mL(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that CA 19-9 level>70 U/mL(P=0.006),tumor size>2.85 cm(P=0.004),poor differentiation(P=0.008),and non-adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.025)were significant risk factors for early recurrence in early-stage PDAC.CONCLUSION Elevated CA 19-9 level(cutoff value>70 U/mL)can be a reliable predictive factor for early recurrence in early-stage PDAC.As adjuvant chemotherapy can prevent early recurrence,it should be recommended for patients susceptible to early recurrence.

Evaluation of forage-based weaning systems in spring-born cross-bred beef calves

Preconditioned calves have greater marketvalue per unit weight than normal-weaned calves. Development of a low cost forage-based preconditioning system allows producers to add value to their calf-crop. This study evaluated calf performance in three forage-based weaning systems;early-weaned calves were backgrounded in legume/grass forage plots and supplemented with commercial preconditioning feed (Treatment 1) or an on-farm corn-mix (Treatment 2). Control (Treatment 3) calves suckled for an additional 45 days. Supplements provided2.17 kgTDN/calf/ day. Weights were collected on days -30, 0 and 45 with respect to early weaning, from135 inyear 1 and 150 calves in each of the two subsequent years. Effects of treatment, age of dam, sex of calf and their interactions on calf weight gain were analyzed by analysis of covariance using GLM procedures of SAS. Marginal effects of treatment and feed cost were used to evaluate economic feasibility. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for anticipated market fluctuations in feed costs and calf premiums. Data are reported as least squares means. Calf weight gains differed (P < 0.001) among treatments and averaged 1.16, 1.03 and1.04 kg/calf/day for commercial supplement, corn-mix and controls, respectively. Calves from 2-year-old cows gained less (P < 0.001) weight compared to those from cows 3 - 4 and ≥5 years of age (44.8, 48.9 and51.5 kg, respectively). Steers calves gained more (P < 0.001) weight compared to heifer calves (51.2 vs.45.7 kg, respectively). Net returns for corn mix were greater than those for commercial feed ($1.48 vs. $1.35/kg weight gain, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicated that selection of preconditioning treatment to a large degree was less sensitive to significant changes in market conditions due to the large gap in marginal costs between the two treatments. In conclusion, forage-based weaning systems can be utilized to precondition calves providing an economical means for calf weight gain and profit potential as long as feed costs are held within reasonable limits.

Influence of early weaning beef cows on the performance of male progeny and the need for winter protein supplementation

One hundred and three Hereford × Angus crossbred, spring-calving cows were used to determine the influence of early weaning performance of their male progeny and the need for cowherd winter supplementation. Treatments were early weaned (EW;115-d of age) and normal weaned calves (NW;220-d of age). Both intact and castrated male progeny were randomly allotted to early and normal weaning calf management treatments. Following summer grazing and weaning protocols, cows within each weaning group were randomly assigned to receive winter supplementation treatments of LOW (1.26 kg/hd/d) or HIGH (1.81 kg/hd/d) amounts of a protein supplement containing 450 g/kg CP (DM basis). Cows whose calves were weaned early gained more BW and BCS (P P P P = 0.04) BCS but similar (P = 0.74) BW when compared with cows with normally weaned calves that received 100% of their supplement (NWHIGH). Early weaning has the potential to reduce the amount of supplement required during the winter grazing period.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EGYPT AND PALESTINE IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE(ca.3400-2000 BCE)

The relationship between Egypt and Palestine can be traced back to theChalcolithic Age thanks to the evidence of current excavations in the Nile Deltaand Sinal.Palestinian pottery and cast metal objects from the Delta sites of Maadi,Minshat Abu Omar,and elsewhere have proved contacts with Palestine inProtodynastic(Nagada Ⅱ-Ⅲ)times.The Egyptian Protodynastic Period andDynasty 1 were contemporary with the Palestinian EB Ⅰ and EB Ⅲ,and

Tracheostomy-related data from an intensive care unit for two consecutive years before the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND Tracheostomy is commonly used in intensive care unit(ICU)patients who are expected to be on long-term mechanical ventilation or suffer from emergency upper airway obstruction.However,some studies have conflicting findings regarding the optimal technique and its timing and benefits.AIM To provide evidence of practice,characteristics,and outcome concerning tracheostomy in an ICU of a tertiary care hospital.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study including adult critical care patients in a single ICU for two consecutive years.Patients’demographic characteristics,severity of illness(APACHE II score),level of consciousness[Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)],comorbidities,timing and type of tracheostomy procedure performed and outcome were recorded.We defined late as tracheostomy placement after 8 days or no tracheotomy.RESULTS Data of 660 patients were analyzed(median age of 60 years),median APACHE II score of 19 and median GCS score of 12 at admission.Tracheostomy was performed in 115 patients,of whom 63 had early and 52 late procedures.Early tracheostomy was mainly executed in case of altered level of consciousness and severe critical illness polyneuromyopathy,however there were no significant statistical results(47.6%vs 36.5%,P=0.23)and(23.8%vs 19.2%,P=0.55)respectively.Regarding the method selected,early surgical tracheostomy(ST)was conducted in patients with maxillofacial injuries(50.0%vs 0.0%,P=0.033),whereas late surgical tracheostomy was selected for patients with goiter(44.4%vs 0.0%P=0.033).Patients with early tracheostomy spent significantly fewer days on mechanical ventilation(15.3±8.5 vs 22.8±9.6,P<0.001)and in ICU in general(18.8±9.1 vs 25.4±11.5,P<0.001).Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy(PDT)vs ST was preferable in older critical care patients in the case of Central Nervous System underlying cause of admission(62.5%vs 26.3%,P=0.004).ST was the method of choice in compromised airway(31.6%,vs 7.3%P=0.008).A large proportion of patients(88/115)with tracheostomy managed to wean from mechanical ventilation and were transferred out of the ICU(100%vs 17.4%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION PDT was performed more frequently in our cohort.This technique did not affect mechanical ventilation days,ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),ICU length of stay,or survival.No complications were observed in the percutaneous or surgical tracheostomy groups.Patients undergoing early tracheostomy benefited in terms of mechanical ventilation days and ICU length of stay but not of discharge status,presence of VAP,or survival.

酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶羔羊生产性能和采食行为的影响

选用体重和出生日期相近的甘肃肉用绵羊新品种选育群初生羔羊50只(其中公羔30只、母羊20只),按同质原则分为5组(每组公羔6只、母羔4只),在15～91日龄分别饲喂酵母β-葡聚糖添加量为0.00,37.50,75.00,112.50和150.00mg/kg的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖对28日龄早期断奶羔羊生产性能和采食行为的影响。结果表明,37.50,75.00和112.50mg/kg的添加量均显著提高了试验全期羔羊的末重和平均日增重(P<0.05);150mg/kg的添加量提高了15～28日龄羔羊的平均日增重(P=0.088);112.50mg/kg的添加量提高了29～42日龄和43～56日龄羔羊的末重和平均日增重(P<0.01),降低了43～56日龄羔羊的料肉比(P<0.01);37.50和75.00mg/kg的添加量提高了57～70日龄和71～91日龄羔羊平均日增重(P<0.01),降低了料肉比(P<0.01)。112.50mg/kg的添加量增加了55～56日龄羔羊的反刍次数(P<0.05)和90～91日龄羔羊的反刍时间(P<0.01)。75.00mg/kg添加量增加了55～56日龄和90～91日龄羔羊的反刍时间(P<0.01),增加了55～56日龄羔羊的反刍次数(P<0.05)。37.50,75.00,112.50和150.00mg/kg的添加量分别增加纯收入81.33,94.71,85.10和24.17元/只。综合各项指标,以75.00mg/kg的添加量较为适宜。

精氨酸对早期断奶仔猪肠道生长、组织形态及IL-2基因表达水平的影响

【目的】研究精氨酸对超早期断奶仔猪肠道发育和肠道免疫的影响。【方法】试验选用70头7日龄断奶的二元杂交仔猪,随机分成5个处理,每个处理14头,分别饲喂添加0.0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%精氨酸的日粮。试验开始后第7天和第14天,每个处理分别选取6头猪屠宰取样,检测胃肠指数、小肠组织形态以及小肠IL-2基因表达水平。【结果】试验第7天,添加精氨酸一定程度上促进了胃和小肠以及小肠绒毛的生长(P>0.05),显著提高了空肠和回肠IL-2基因表达水平(P<0.05);试验第14天,添加0.6%和0.8%精氨酸显著提高仔猪小肠重量和长度(P<0.05),空肠和回肠绒毛高度以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值也均有提高的趋势(P>0.05)。【结论】精氨酸能促进超早期断奶仔猪的肠道发育,阻止肠绒毛萎缩,提高肠道IL-2基因表达水平,增强肠道免疫功能。

β-酪啡肽_7对早期断乳仔猪免疫器官及内分泌功能的影响

将 12头体重相近的三元杂交仔公猪分为两组 :对照组正常吃母乳到 2 8日龄断乳 ;实验组于 2 1日龄断乳后添喂β 酪啡肽7( β CM7) ,进行饲喂实验至 32日龄。结果表明 ,添喂 β CM7的仔猪 ,血清胃泌素水平比对照高 31 76 %(P <0 0 1) ,瘦素水平比对照组高 7 0 % (P <0 0 1) ,皮质醇低于对照组 2 6 19% (P >0 0 5 ) ,IL 2、T3 、T4和胰岛素水平均与对照组的接近。与对照组相比 ,胸腺、腹股沟淋巴结、脾脏的相对重分别增加 31 4 8% ,2 8 2 6 %和 2 7% ,差异均不显著 ;胸腺形态结构未见差别 ,脾脏的中央动脉周围淋巴鞘面积略小 ,回肠派伊尔氏结的总数增多 ,且总面积增加 8 1% 。

日粮补充L-亮氨酸对超早期断奶宫内发育迟缓仔猪肠道免疫功能的影响

目的:研究L-亮氨酸对超早期断奶宫内发育迟缓(intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR)仔猪肠道免疫功能的调节作用。方法:选取14日龄断奶的正常初生体质量(normal birth weight,NBW)和IUGR新生仔猪各16头,分别饲喂基础日粮或添加0.35%L-亮氨酸实验日粮,即4个处理组,每组8头猪。结果:与NBW仔猪相比,IUGR仔猪血清溶菌酶活力和补体3(complement-3,C3)水平显著降低(P<0.05),空肠和回肠中杯状细胞(goblet cells,GC)和淋巴细胞(intraepithelial lymphocytes,IEL)数量显著减少(P<0.05),回肠中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)含量显著升高(P<0.05),白细胞介素10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。另外,IUGR仔猪回肠TNF-αm RNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05),IL-10 m RNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。日粮添加0.35%L-亮氨酸后,IUGR仔猪血清溶菌酶活力、C3和C4水平显著升高(P<0.05),回肠中GC数量及十二指肠和空肠中IEL数量显著增加(P<0.05),回肠中IL-10含量显著升高(P<0.05),并且IL-2和IL-10 m RNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:IUGR会引起超早期断奶仔猪肠道黏膜发生炎症反应和肠道生长发育受限。L-亮氨酸可以有效缓解IUGR引起的肠道黏膜损伤,改善仔猪肠道的免疫功能。

β-酪啡肽7对早期断乳仔猪消化道发育的影响

将12头体质量相近的三元杂交仔公猪分为试验组和对照组2组饲喂相同的基础料,试验组仔猪于21日龄断乳后添喂β-酪啡肽7,对照组仔猪正常吃母乳到28日龄断乳,2组均于32日龄宰杀后测定相关指标。结果表明与对照组相比,添喂β-酪啡肽7的仔猪胃窦粘膜厚度增加61.98%(P<0.01),十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度分别增长34.47%(P<0.05)、43.38%(P<0.01)和26.92%(P<0.01),而绒毛宽度和肠壁肌层厚度变化不明显(除回肠的肠壁肌层厚度显著增厚外),隐窝深度没有明显加深,但空肠的绒毛长度/隐窝深度的比值显著地大于对照组23.78%(P<0.05);添喂β-酪啡肽7的仔猪消化道胃蛋白酶总活性、淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性均显著低于对照组,而胰蛋白酶总活性接近于对照组。结果提示在体内,β-酪啡肽7能改善断乳应激引起的肠道形态结构的变化,能促进肠道绒毛的生长,对断乳应激引起的胃蛋白酶总活性、淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性降低没有改善作用,而对胰蛋白酶总活性略有改善。

早期断奶对仔猪血清肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素-2含量的影响

本文旨在研究仔猪血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量的变化规律,以及早期断奶、免疫球蛋白和乳铁蛋白对TNF和IL-2含量的影响。试验选用约克夏仔猪,试验1分别在1、7、14、21和28日龄选取2头仔猪;试验2仔猪分别在14、18和35日龄断奶;试验3选取16头仔猪,分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复;试验4选取32头仔猪,分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复。结果表明:(1)血清TNF(P<0.01)、IL-2(P<0.05)含量从1日龄到7日龄显著降低,14日龄又上升,并维持一定水平。(2)与35日龄断奶仔猪相比,早期断奶仔猪断奶14和35 d血清IL-2含量显著降低(P<0.05),14日龄断奶仔猪血清TNF含量也表现出降低的趋势。(3)饲喂血浆蛋白粉和特异性免疫卵黄日粮仔猪血清TNF含量显著提高(P<0.05)。(4)饲喂2、10和20 mg/kg乳铁蛋白仔猪血清TNF、IL-2含量均表现出提高的趋势。由此得出结论,早期断奶降低了仔猪血清IL-2含量,饲喂血浆蛋白粉和特异性免疫卵黄日粮可以提高血清TNF含量。

酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪猪瘟抗体水平的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元杂交仔猪72头(杜×长大),平均体重(7.32±0.38)kg,按体重和性别随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪(公母各半),组1至组4在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,酵母β-葡聚糖的添加量分别是0.025%、0.05%、0.1%和0。用正向间接血凝法(IHA)测定猪瘟抗体,以此来研究β-葡聚糖对早期断奶仔猪猪瘟抗体的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,处理组的猪瘟抗体效价均有不同程度的升高;其中处理组1差异显著(P<0.05);而处理组2和处理组3差异不显著(P>0.05)。

苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元微胶囊的研制

以抑制仔猪致病性大肠埃希菌效果优异的猪源唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)为益生菌,苦豆籽粕为益生素,通过海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包被技术,将益生菌和益生素做成一个微胶囊整体,活菌数达到1.1×109 cfu/g,人工胃液和人工肠液处理后的活菌数为2.5×108 cfu/g。浸入5g/L壳聚糖溶液中常温保存,120d后活菌数为1.6×107 cfu/g。该结果为防治仔猪早期断奶腹泻、仔猪黄白痢提供了科学依据。