Anti-cracking Property of EVA-modified Polypropylene Fiber-reinforced Concrete Under Thermal-cooling Cycling Curing

In order to investigate the synergistic effect of re-dispersible powder-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) and polypropylene fiber on the crack resistance of concrete under thermal fatigue loading, the compressive strength, ultimate tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain and tensile modulus of elasticity were tested. In addition, ultrasonic method and scanning electron microscope analysis were used to explain the microstructure mechanism. The results show that polypropylene fiberreinforced concrete presents a better performance on crack resistance than ordinary concrete, and the synergism of EVA and polypropylene fiber can improve the anti-cracking ability of concrete further.

Synthesis and paste properties of octenyl succinic anhydride modified early Indica rice starch

Octenyl succinic anhydride （OSA） modified early Indica rice starch was prepared in aqueous slurry systems using response surface methodology. The paste properties of the OSA starch were also investigated. Results indicated that the suitable parameters for the preparation of OSA starch from early Indica rice starch were as follows： reaction period 4 h, reaction temperature 33.4℃, pH of reaction system 8.4, concentration of starch slurry 36.8% （in proportion to water, w/w）, amount of OSA 3% （in proportion to starch, w/w）. The degree of substitution was 0.0188 and the reaction efficiency was 81.0%. The results of paste properties showed that with increased OSA modification, the starch derivatives had higher paste clarity, decreased retrogradation and better freeze-thaw stability.

Rock magnetic property of gravity core CSH1 from the northern Okinawa Trough and the effect of early diagenesis

Detailed rock magnetic investigations were undertaken at 2 -4 cm interval for the gravity core CSHI （with a length of 17.36 m） from the northern Okinawa Trough. Time-scale of the core was constructed by two characteristic tephras and foraminferal assemblages, indicating an age of 50 ka for the bottom of the core. Except for three tephras and abrupt decrease in surface, there are little changes in all kinds of rock magnetic parameters that can be correlated to the climate change for the last 50 ka. Different from the common sediments, most S-ratios （S equals the negative ratio of IRM-0.3T to SIRM, which is an indicator of low coercivity content） of the sediments are smaller than 0. 9, which implies a substantial amount of magnetic minerals with high coercivity. The existence of iron sulphide （ greigite or pyrrhotite） is revealed by representative susceptibility - temperature curves showing 200 350 ℃ Curie temperature in addition to 580 ℃ of magnetite, and also by awful smell during heating and dark heating products. Both the occurrence of authigenic iron sulphide and quick decrease of magnetic parameters near the surface clearly show that sediments from Core CSHI have undergone early diagenesis. The featureless magnetic changes of the whole core except for three tephras mean that the post-depositonal alteration is so strong that most original signals have been destroyed. For the same reason, the organic matter in sediment and sulphate in pore water must have been consumed along with dissolution, precipitation of iron and manganese happening sequencially during the redox reaction series. Great caution must be taken when using these altered chemical parameters for the interpretation of climatic changes.

The Properties of Road Base Course Materials of Granular Soils Stabilized by AGS Granular Soil Stabilizing Cement

The properties of road base course materials of granular soils stabilized by AGS granular soil stabilizing cement were studied.The AGS cement has an expansibility to a certain degree,so the dry shrinkage of AGS cement paste and AGS stabilized granular is much lower than that of Portland slag cement.AGS has a good suitability to granular soils.Granular soils stabilized by AGS have a much higher strength than that of soils stabilized by P S cement.The same strength can be reached with 20% reduction of cement dosage for AGS cement.And their elastic and resilient modulus are similar,but the former has a much higher tensile splitting strength,so the AGS stabilized granular has a much better anti-cracking performance than that of the P S stabilized granular.The reduced value of the strength and the density with the retard time for the granular soils stabilized by AGS is lower than that for P S cement.

MICROW AVE-INDUCED THERMOA COUSTIC IMAGING FOR EARLY BREAST CA NCER DETECTION

Microwave induced thermoacoustic tomography(TAT)is a noninvasive,nonionizing modality based on the inherent differences in microwave absorpt ion of malignant breast tissues and normal adipose dominated breast tissues.In this paper,a TAT system based on multielement acquisition system was built to receive signals.Slices from different layers in the sample were composed into a three-dimensional(3D)volume.Based on the 3D volume,inherent differences in microw ave absorption bet ween different biological tisues can be converted into structure information.Our experimental results of some minicked and human tumors indicate that TAT may potentially be used to detect early-stage breast cancers with high contrast.

聚丙烯纤维磷石膏胶结体早期力学强度特性及增韧机理研究

在传统水泥基复合材料的研究领域,纤维增强了材料的强度、韧性、延展性和抗裂性。为了提高磷石膏胶结体的早期强度,掺入聚丙烯纤维作为增强剂,开展了掺纤维磷石膏胶结体制备试验以及单轴抗压强度试验,分析了纤维对磷石膏胶结体破坏规律的影响,并通过SEM探究了纤维对磷石膏胶结体的增韧机理。研究结果表明:随纤维掺量增加磷石膏胶结体单轴抗压强度呈先增加后降低的趋势,且纤维最优掺量为1%;掺入纤维的磷石膏胶结体能延缓峰值抗压强度达到时间且破坏时的峰值应力更大,未掺入纤维的磷石膏胶结体在荷载超过应力峰值后快速失稳,掺入聚丙烯纤维的磷石膏胶结体则呈缓慢降低趋势;随着纤维的掺入,磷石膏胶结体的裂纹数量逐渐减少,且裂而不断,磷石膏胶结体的延性变形明显;微观下聚丙烯纤维表面附着有絮团状水化产物,且在磷石膏胶结体固结过程中相互缠结形成稳定的网状结构。研究成果可为磷石膏基复合材料在固废胶结充填现场的应用提供一定参考。

混杂纤维对混凝土抗裂性能的影响研究

为探究混杂纤维对混凝土抗裂性能影响,利用超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维弹模大、韧性好的优势来阻碍混凝土内部裂缝的扩展和宏观裂缝的形成,利用钢纤维抗拉、抗弯、抗剪性能好的优势来提高混凝土抗裂性能。测试了2种纤维掺量以及单掺、复掺方式下混凝土的干燥收缩率及早期抗裂性能。结果表明:UHMWPE纤维与钢纤维复掺时,混凝土干燥收缩性能最优的纤维掺量为0.2%,且钢纤维占比为75%时,28 d开裂收缩率较基准组降低了60.7%,总体降低率低于单掺纤维混凝土;复掺和单掺纤维对混凝土抗裂性能均有明显提升,复掺时效果最优,几乎没有裂缝产生。

超高韧性水泥基复合材料力学性能及早期收缩研究

研究了水胶比和聚乙烯(PE)纤维掺量对超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)抗压和抗折强度、弯曲韧性以及早期收缩性能的影响,并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了UHTCC的微观结构。结果表明:随着水胶比的增大,UHTCC抗压和抗折强度均降低,而其弯曲韧性呈先降低后增长的变化趋势;增大PE纤维掺量可以显著提升UHTCC抗折强度和弯曲韧性,但会降低其3 d抗压强度,增大其7 d和28 d抗压强度。在早期收缩性能方面,水胶比增大会降低UHTCC早期自收缩,但其早期干燥收缩有所增大。而UHTCC早期自收缩和干燥收缩均随PE纤维掺量的增大而降低。微观结构分析发现PE纤维掺量增大容易导致纤维团聚;水胶比的增大会降低UHTCC基体的密实度和纤维-基体界面黏结力,不利于UHTCC力学性能的发展。

低温养护对环氧树脂基砂浆早期性能的影响及机理

环氧树脂基砂浆是一种快速修补材料,为研究低温养护条件对环氧树脂基砂浆工作性能及早期力学性能的影响,构建了全过程低温环境,分别进行了抗压强度、抗折强度、流动度、凝结时间以及内部温度测试,分析了环氧树脂基砂浆的微观结构。结果表明:环氧树脂基砂浆性能受养护温度影响较大,当养护温度为0℃时,流动度仅为112 mm,但随着温度升高流动度增长较快;低温养护使得砂浆内部热效应减弱,延缓了凝结时间;早期强度也损失显著,0℃时,砂浆养护1 d才形成强度,说明低温环境大大减慢了体系的固化速度。微观分析表明低温养护导致砂浆内部结构疏松,裂缝及孔隙增多,说明固化反应不完全,从而降低了砂浆的性能。当养护温度为20℃时,砂浆内部结构较为致密,宏观结构也表现出较高强度。

沸石粉水泥砂浆早期力学性能改善及机理研究

为了降低大掺量沸石粉对早期强度的削弱作用,进一步提高沸石粉在水泥基材料中作用效率,促进其在水泥基材料中的应用,通过设计系列试验,探究交流电场直接养护(electric curing,EC)、无机系早强剂(硫酸钠、硅酸钠)及二者共同作用下沸石粉掺量对砂浆强度的影响规律,并通过水化放热和孔结构测试分析,探讨其相应机理。通过测试28 d水泥砂浆抗压强度评估直接电养护、早强剂及2种方法耦合对后期强度的影响。研究结果表明:砂浆强度随沸石粉掺量呈现出先增加而后降低的规律,掺10%沸石粉砂浆的1 d、28 d抗压强度相较于基准砂浆分别约提高了19%、8%。直接电养护和早强剂硫酸钠均能显著提高掺沸石粉水泥砂浆的早期强度,直接电养护的改善效果略低于硫酸钠;在电养护与硫酸钠共同作用下,能进一步提升较高沸石粉掺量砂浆的强度,沸石粉掺量30%时,试件1 d抗压强度最高可提高达25%。水化热结果显示,随着沸石粉掺量的增加,浆体72 h累计水化放热出现不同程度的降低,沸石粉可在一定程度上促进水化,沸石粉与硫酸钠共同作用可明显提高体系水化放热速率和放热量。掺入沸石粉对体系孔隙有一定细化作用,直接电养护的试件28 d龄期累计孔隙含量稍高于标准养护。本研究可为改善大掺量沸石粉水泥砂浆早期力学性能提供思路,对促进沸石粉在水泥混凝土中的应用具有重要意义。

硫铝酸盐水泥对硅酸盐水泥早期水化和力学性能的影响

装配式建筑推动了建筑行业的快速转型,实现构件的快速脱模是实现装配式行业快速发展的基础。本文研究了硫铝酸盐水泥(CSA)在低取代率(水泥质量的2.5%~7.5%)下对硅酸盐水泥早期水化性能和力学性能的影响规律,通过凝结时间、抗压强度、水化热、XRD、TG、SEM等测试手段揭示其作用机理,为实现装配式构件快速脱模提供解决思路。结果表明,CSA的掺入可以缩短硅酸盐水泥的凝结时间,促进水泥的早期水化,提高早期力学性能。当CSA从2.5%增加到7.5%时,水泥初凝时间分别降低了30%、43%和49%,终凝时间分别降低了24%、40%和46%;5%CSA掺量可使水泥样品12 h抗压强度从5.2 MPa提高到12.8 MPa,提高了169%;此外,CSA的掺入对水泥样品后期力学性能也有一定提升作用。

U-Pb zircon ages and petrogeochemistry and tectonic implications of gabbro and granite in southwest Lahad Datu area of Sabah, Malaysia

The southwest Lahad Datu felsic rocks were previously thought to have formed in the late Triassic as part of the microcontinental crystalline basement.Based on U-Pb ages,geochemistry,and the Hfisotopes of zircon from the southeastern Sabah gabbro and granite,in this study,the tectonic properties of the Sabah area during the Triassic were investigated.The weighted average U-Pb zircon ages of the gabbro and granite samples were determined to be(230.9±2.5)Ma and(207.1±3.3)Ma,respectively.The granite had SiO_(2) contents of 66.54%-79.47%,low TiO_(2) contents of 0.08%-0.3%,Al_(2)O_(3) contents of 10.97%-16.22%,Na_(2)O contents of 5.91 %-6.39%,and low K_(2)O contents of 0.15%-0.65%.The chondrite-normalized rare earth element(REE) patterns exhibit light REE enrichment,with right-sloping curves.The primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams exhibit Th,U,La,Sr,and Zr enrichment and Nb,Ta,P and Ti depletions,i.e.,the geochemical characteristics of typical island arc igneous rocks.The tectonic discriminant diagram indicates that the granite is a volcanic arc granite.The Hf isotopic an alysis of gabbro zircon revealed that the zircons have ε_(Hf)(t)values of 12.08-16.24(mean of 14.32) and two-stage model ages(t_(DM2)) of 223-491 Ma(mean of 347 Ma).This indicates that the diagenetic magma of the gabbro was mainly derived from melting of newly formed crustal materials.The ophiolite in southeast Sabah has existed since the early Late Triassic.The crystalline basement granite in southeastern S abah was emplaced lasted from late Triassic to early Cretaceous.Based on previous studies and global plate reconstruction models,it is speculated that the southeastern Sabah granite may have been formed in an island arc setting,i.e.,where the oceanic crust of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean collided with the oceanic crust of the Panthalassa Ocean.

矿物掺合料对高强机制砂混凝土早期收缩开裂性能的影响

针对低水胶比高强机制砂泵送混凝土早期收缩开裂严重易造成建筑物耐久性急剧衰退的问题,通过试验研究粉煤灰、矿粉、硅灰在单掺、双掺和三掺时对混凝土工作性能、力学性能、早期收缩和开裂性能的影响规律,以低场核磁共振仪(NMR)通过孔结构对早期收缩开裂性能的规律进行分析。结果表明:粉煤灰和矿粉的掺入提高了混凝土的工作性能,但硅灰的掺入降低了混凝土的工作性能;矿物掺合料的掺入对混凝土早期强度影响较大,随着养护龄期的延长,后期强度随着水化程度的增加有所升高;粉煤灰、矿粉、硅灰三掺时,高强机制砂混凝土具有最小的早期收缩率和开裂面积;掺入矿物掺合料使混凝土内部孔隙率减小,混凝土内部致密度提高,减小了早期收缩开裂。

Characteristic and optimization of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement suitable for cold region tunnels

To develop suitable grouting materials for water conveyance tunnels in cold regions,firstly,this study investigated the performance evolution of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement(FSAC grouting material)at 20 and 3℃.The results show that low temperature only delays the strength development of FSAC grouting material within the first 3 d.Then,the effect of four typical early strength synergists on the early properties of FSAC grouting material was evaluated to optimize the early(£1 d)strength at 3℃.The most effective synergist,Ca(HCOO)_(2),which enhances the low-temperature early strength without compromising fluidity was selected based on strength and fluidity tests.Its micro-mechanism was analyzed by XRD,TG,and SEM methods.The results reveal that the most suitable dosage range is 0.3 wt%−0.5 wt%.Proper addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)changed the crystal morphology of the hydration products,decreased the pore size and formed more compact hydration products by interlocking and overlapping.However,excessive addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)inhibited the hydration reaction,resulting in a simple and loose structure of the hydration products.The research results have reference value for controlling surrounding rock deformation and preventing water and mud inrushes during the excavation in cold region tunnels.

石粉含量对C60机制砂混凝土拌合物性能的影响

本文通过改变不同来源的石粉掺量,来研究混凝土中总石粉含量对混凝土工作性能、力学性能、早期抗裂性能的影响。研究结果表明:适量的石粉含量有助于提升混凝土的性能,当其含量超过一定限值后,会降低混凝土坍落度,增加混凝土的早期开裂风险,降低混凝土的抗压强度;在机制砂混凝土中,石粉含量建议控制在混凝土质量的7%以内;掺合料石粉含量限值随着机制砂石粉含量的增加而降低,在机制砂石粉含量为6%、9%、12%、16%时,掺合料石粉掺量建议分别控制在25%、20%、15%、10%以内,混凝土性能较优。

抗裂高性能混凝土的制备与性能研究

混凝土的开裂问题一直是工程上一道亟待解决的难题。为改善混凝土工作性能,降低水化放热量,增强其抗裂性能,本文通过试验,对不同粉煤灰掺量的混凝土的各项性能进行对比研究,包括力学性能、热学性能和长期性能,比较分析不同粉煤灰掺量下混凝土的各项性能差异。结果表明,随粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土呈现出强度前期降低后期迅速增长的趋势,当粉煤灰掺量达到50%时,与未掺粉煤灰的试件相比,其7 d抗压强度降低了40.3%,60 d强度较7 d强度增长了53.9%;粉煤灰的加入明显地降低了胶凝体系的放热速率,粉煤灰掺量为50%的胶凝材料7 d水化放热量为171 J/g,较纯水泥的放热量降低了40.3%;在水胶比固定的情况下,粉煤灰的掺入可以降低混凝土的收缩率,粉煤灰掺量为30%时对混凝土的减缩效果最好。

铁尾矿泥对全尾矿混凝土强度及早期收缩性能的影响

为了最大程度地利用铁尾矿资源,实现混凝土的绿色可持续发展,本文采用铁尾矿泥作掺合料,铁尾矿碎石和铁尾矿砂分别作为粗、细骨料,配制强度等级为C30的全尾矿混凝土。将20%、30%和40%(质量分数)比表面积为320和432 m^(2)·kg^(-1)的铁尾矿泥作为全尾矿混凝土掺合料,研究铁尾矿泥掺量和细度对混凝土工作性能、力学性能和早期收缩性能的影响。结果表明:当铁尾矿泥的细度为320~432 m^(2)·kg^(-1)、掺量在20%~30%时,与以粉煤灰为掺合料的常规混凝土相比,全尾矿混凝土劈裂抗拉强度提高了6.6%~12.8%,7 d收缩率减少了10.4%~26.3%。微观结构分析表明,当掺量在20%~30%时,铁尾矿泥作为掺合料可以提高混凝土的密实性,降低全尾矿混凝土的早期收缩。

多次采掘扰动煤体力学特性演化规律试验研究

【目的】矿井开采过程中,多次采掘扰动所引发的循环加卸载效应对煤体力学性能的改变是导致冲击地压灾害发生的原因之一。揭示煤体在此过程中的关键力学参数响应特征及损伤机制可为冲击失稳状态判别提供依据,对提升灾害预测能力具有重要意义。【方法】采用大尺寸类煤体试样,将准静态单轴循环加卸载和冲击动载相结合,精确捕捉试验过程中试样应力、应变以及声发射等响应信息,全面揭示多次采掘扰动作用下试样力学参数变化规律及损伤演化过程。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)最高加载载荷是影响多次循环加卸载作用下损伤煤体力学性能的最关键因素,随着循环次数的增加,对于加载至屈服阶段的试样,其残余应变呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化趋势,耗散能密度及加载至最高载荷时所对应的声发射特征值逐渐增大,试样损伤程度不断增加;对于加载至弹性阶段的试样,其上述力学特征参数均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势;而对于试验过程始终处于压密阶段的试样,3组数据均呈现不断减小的变化趋势。(2)在施加冲击动载作用后,3组试样均发生冲击破坏,前期准静态循环加卸载试验中所受载荷越小的试样,其损伤程度越小,发生冲击破坏所需的诱发动载强度越大,峰值破坏弹性模量越大。(3)从应变与能量2个角度对试样损伤度进行表征,通过对比分析,发现能量损伤度对此试验过程中试样损伤程度判别更为敏感。(4)对试样孔洞内部冲击破裂特征观察发现,试样在发生冲击破坏过程中共经历平静期、颗粒弹射期、稳定破坏期以及冲击破坏期4个阶段。(5)可将循环加卸载后期残余应变增大起始值以及冲击破坏过程中稳定破坏前期阶段作为损伤煤体冲击失稳前兆预警信息。研究获得了受多次采掘扰动煤体力学特性的演化规律,可为工程中损伤煤体冲击失稳状态判别提供理论依据,对于及时发现损伤煤体的潜在失稳风险,从而优化支护方案,确保矿井安全开采具有重要意义。

早强型粉煤灰改性土力学特性及强度预测模型分析

由于硅酸盐水泥在生产过程中容易造成严重的资源消耗,因此粉煤灰常被用来部分替代水泥固化剂。但是粉煤灰由于自身的低活性,其改性土强度的形成,通常需要较长的养护周期。因此采用一种早强型粉煤灰基固化剂,通过一系列的无侧限抗压强度试验,探究了改性土无侧限抗压强度与固化剂掺量、养护龄期、改性土孔隙率等参数的变化规律。试验结果表明,早强型粉煤灰改性土7 d无侧限抗压强度可以达到28 d强度的80%~90%。基于试验结果,建立了基于孔隙率/掺量两个参数的强度预测公式,并进一步提出了预测公式的折减系数。

早期受力对再生混凝土孔隙结构及力学性能研究

为了缓解废弃混凝土对生态环境造成的压力,减少废弃混凝土对生态环境的不利影响,使用粗骨料全替代制备了再生混凝土,并探究了早期受力对后期性能的影响。将制备好的混凝土养护至定龄期(1d、3d、7d、14d)后对其压载(定龄期极限荷载的20%、40%、60%、80%),通过测其抗压强度、劈裂强度及微观孔隙结构分析,得出混凝土试块早龄期(1d、3d)施加预压荷载,将其养护至28d时抗压强度几乎不受影响;当加载小于极限荷载的60%时,其抗压强度下降幅度较小,当加载超过极限荷载的60%,对混凝土内部造成不可逆的损伤,会导致混凝土的抗压强度下降速度加快;加载后的试块其劈裂强度均受到了影响,其强度均低于未压荷载的试块强度,且当加压荷载一定时,随着养护至定龄期时间的增加,劈裂强度越低,微观孔隙结构分析印证了对其力学性能的分析。