Obstructive sleep apnea can worsen the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Howeve r,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the endovascula...Obstructive sleep apnea can worsen the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Howeve r,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the endovascular perforation method and exposed the mice to intermittent hypoxia for 8 hours daily for 2 consecutive days to simulate sleep apnea.We found that sleep apnea aggravated brain edema,increased hippocampal neuron apoptosis,and worsened neurological function in this mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Then,we established an in vitro HT-22 cell model of hemin-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage/intermittent hypoxia and found that the cells died,and lactate dehydrogenase release increased,after 48 hours.We further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that sleep apnea increased the expression of hippocampal neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inte rleukin-6,nuclear factorκB,pyro ptosis-related protein caspase-1,pro-caspase-1,and NLRP3,promoted the prolife ration of astrocytes,and increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,which are the key proteins in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.We also found that knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αexpression in vitro greatly reduced the damage to HY22 cells.These findings suggest that sleep apnea aggravates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by aggravating neuroinflammation and pyroptosis,at least in part through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.展开更多
Three flora assemblages of Yima formation, in western Henan are systematically studied. The beginning time from which the climate in this region during the middle Jurassic and the late Jurassic period getting hot was ...Three flora assemblages of Yima formation, in western Henan are systematically studied. The beginning time from which the climate in this region during the middle Jurassic and the late Jurassic period getting hot was Bajocian to early Bathonian,obviously earlier than in south Europe, middle Asia,and Siberia.展开更多
Realizing the importance of English in a global world,Chinese parents are enrolling their kids into specialist English centers in droves,no matter the financial cost by Gui Gui QIU Yu,who was born and raised in Beijin...Realizing the importance of English in a global world,Chinese parents are enrolling their kids into specialist English centers in droves,no matter the financial cost by Gui Gui QIU Yu,who was born and raised in Beijing, does not fully recall what he was do-展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Youth Program),No.BK20190129National Scientific Program of Jiangsu Colleges and Universities of China,No.19KJB320012(both to LY)。
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea can worsen the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Howeve r,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the endovascular perforation method and exposed the mice to intermittent hypoxia for 8 hours daily for 2 consecutive days to simulate sleep apnea.We found that sleep apnea aggravated brain edema,increased hippocampal neuron apoptosis,and worsened neurological function in this mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Then,we established an in vitro HT-22 cell model of hemin-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage/intermittent hypoxia and found that the cells died,and lactate dehydrogenase release increased,after 48 hours.We further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that sleep apnea increased the expression of hippocampal neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inte rleukin-6,nuclear factorκB,pyro ptosis-related protein caspase-1,pro-caspase-1,and NLRP3,promoted the prolife ration of astrocytes,and increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,which are the key proteins in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.We also found that knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αexpression in vitro greatly reduced the damage to HY22 cells.These findings suggest that sleep apnea aggravates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by aggravating neuroinflammation and pyroptosis,at least in part through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.
文摘Three flora assemblages of Yima formation, in western Henan are systematically studied. The beginning time from which the climate in this region during the middle Jurassic and the late Jurassic period getting hot was Bajocian to early Bathonian,obviously earlier than in south Europe, middle Asia,and Siberia.
文摘Realizing the importance of English in a global world,Chinese parents are enrolling their kids into specialist English centers in droves,no matter the financial cost by Gui Gui QIU Yu,who was born and raised in Beijing, does not fully recall what he was do-
