Early neonatal complications in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the effects of glycemic control on neonatal infection

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)has become increasingly prevalent globally.Glycemic control in pregnant women with GDM has a critical role in neonatal complications.AIM To analyze the early neonatal complications in GDM,and examine the effect of blood glucose control level on neonatal infection.METHODS The clinical data of 236 pregnant women with GDM and 240 healthy pregnant women and newborns during from March 2020 to December 2021 the same period were retrospectively analyzed,and the early complications in newborns in the two groups were compared.The patients were divided into the conforming glycemic control group(CGC group)and the non-conforming glycemic control group(NCGC group)based on whether glycemic control in the pregnant women with GDM conformed to standards.Baseline data,immune function,infectionrelated markers,and infection rates in neonates were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The incidence of neonatal complications in the 236 neonates in the GDM group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Pregnant women with GDM in the NCGC group(n=178)had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1C levels than those in the CGC group(n=58)(P<0.05).There were no differences in baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05).Additionally,the NCGC group had significantly decreased peripheral blood CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+)T cell ratios,CD4/CD8 ratios and immunoglobulin G in neonates compared with the CGC group(P<0.05),while white blood cells,serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels increased significantly.The neonatal infection rate was also significantly increased in the NCGC group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The risk of neonatal complications increased in pregnant women with GDM.Poor glycemic control decreased neonatal immune function,and increased the incidence of neonatal infections.

Mechanism,prevention,and control of mining-induced dynamic disasters in underground metal mines in China:Challenges and solutions

Metal mineral resources play an indispensable role in the development of the national economy.Dynamic disasters in underground metal mines seriously threaten mining safety,which are major scientific and technological problems to be solved urgently.In this article,the occurrence status and grand challenges of some typical dynamic disasters involving roof falling,spalling,collapse,large deformation,rockburst,surface subsidence,and water inrush in metal mines in China are systematically presented,the characteristics of mining-induced dynamic disasters are analyzed,the examples of dynamic disasters occurring in some metal mines in China are summarized,the occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning methods,and prevention and control techniques of these disasters are highlighted,and some new opinions,suggestions,and solutions are proposed simultaneously.Moreover,some shortcomings in current disaster research are pointed out,and the direction of efforts to improve the prevention and control level of dynamic disasters in China’s metal mines in the future is prospected.The integration of forward-looking key innovative theories and technologies in the abovementioned aspects will greatly enhance the cognitive level of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s metal mining industry and achieve a significant shift from passive disaster relief to active disaster prevention.

Occurrence Regularity and Control Research of Apple Early Defoliation Disease in West Sichuan Plateau

[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Sichuan plateau was systematically investigated during 2009 and 2011, and the control effects of different fungicides during different spraying periods were studied. [ Result] The species of pathogen mainly was Marssonina ma/i （ P. Henn）, accounting for 32.5%, Phyl-losticta Pirina Sa accounted for 29.9%, and Alternaria mali Roberts accounted for 25.7%. The field fluctuation regularity was as follows ： the disease generally be- gan in the mid-May and ended in early and middle October with only one damage peak during the whole year, the fluctuation had positive correlation with rainfall （ R2 =0.891 8 ＊ ＊ ）. Control test showed that 40% flusilazole had the best control effect （86.5%）, which was best to apply after anthesis. [ Conclusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for the effective control against apple early defoliation disease.

Distribution pattern of marine flagellate and its controlling factors in the central and north part of the Huanghai Sea in early summer

A survey was carried out in the central and north part of the Huanghai Sea (34.5° -37.0°N, 120.5°-124.0°E) during June 12-27, 2000. It was found that the abundance of marine flagellate ranged from 45 to 1 278 cell/ml, 479 cell/ml in average. Flagellate was more abundant in the central part than in the north part of Huanghai Sea, and the abundance decreased with the increasing distance from the coast, showing a similar distribution pattern with isotherm. Vertically, high density of flagellate was always presented in the bottom of thermocline, and formed a dense accumulation in the central area of the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass. The effects of physical and biological factors on the distribution of marine flagellate in early summer were discussed. Water temperature (especially the existence of thermocline) rather than salinity showed significant effect on the distribution pattern of marine flagellate in the Huanghai Sea in early summer. When comparing the abundance of marine flagellate with that of other microorganisms, it revealed a comparatively stable relationship among these organ-hisms, with a ratio of heterotrophic bacteria: cyanobacteria: flagellate: dinoflagellate: ciliate being 105 :103:102:101:100.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to treat spinal cord injury in the early chronic phase: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical trial

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)support revascularization,inhibition of inflammation,regulation of apoptosis,and promotion of the release of beneficial factors.Thus,they are regarded as a promising candidate for the treatment of intractable spinal cord injury(SCI).Clinical studies on patients with early chronic SCI(from 2 months to 1 year post-injury),which is clinically common,are rare;therefore,we will conduct a prospective,multicenter,randomized,placebo-controlled,single-blinded clinical trial at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,and Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine,China.The trial plans to recruit 66 early chronic SCI patients.Eligible patients will undergo randomization at a 2:1 ratio to two arms:the observation group and the control group.Subjects in the observation group will receive four intrathecal transplantations of stem cells,with a dosage of 1×106/kg,at one calendar month intervals.Subjects in the control group will receive intrathecal administrations of 10 mL sterile normal saline in place of the stem cell transplantations.Clinical safety will be assessed by the analysis of adverse events and laboratory tests.The American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)total score will be the primary efficacy endpoint,and the secondary efficacy outcomes will be the following:ASIA impairment scale,International Association of Neural Restoration-Spinal Cord Injury Functional Rating Scale,muscle tension,electromyogram,cortical motor and cortical sensory evoked potentials,residual urine volume,magnetic resonance imaging–diffusion tensor imaging,T cell subtypes in serum,neurotrophic factors and inflammatory factors in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid.All evaluations will be performed at 1,3,6,and 12 months following the final intrathecal administration.During the entire study procedure,all adverse events will be reported as soon as they are noted.This trial is designed to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of subarachnoid transplantation of hUC-MSCs to treat early chronic SCI.Moreover,it will establish whether cytotherapy can ameliorate local hostile microenvironments,promote tracking fiber regeneration,and strengthen spinal conduction ability,thus improving overall motor,sensory,and micturition/defecation function in patients with early chronic SCI.This study was approved by the Stem Cell Research Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,China(approval No.[2018]-02)on March 30,2018,and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(registration No.NCT03521323)on April 12,2018.The revised trial protocol(protocol version 4.0)was approved by the Stem Cell Research Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,China(approval No.[2019]-10)on February 25,2019,and released on ClinicalTrials.gov on April 29,2019.

Effect of an inpatient nursing risk early warning and control system in Shanghai:A retrospective study of adverse events

Purpose:To avoid the nursing risk of inpatients,reduce the occurrence of nursing errors and improve the safety of inpatients.Methods:We established a nursing risk early warning and control system,which includes a safety supervisory network,risk screening and early warning tools,and a risk control process.Results:The qualified rates of risk control measures to prevent pressure ulcers,unplanned extubation and fall/fall from bed all increased.The incidence of reported nursing errors decreased.The number of mistakes in medication-giving decreased.Conclusion:The establishment of an inpatient early warning and control system could effectively avoid nursing risk,improve risk prevention abilities,improve patient safety,and improve nursing quality.

Magnetically controlled growing instrumentation for early onset scoliosis: Caution needed when interpreting the literature

BACKGROUND Magnetically controlled growing rods(MCGR) are a novel treatment option for early onset scoliosis(EOS). Although the complication profile with MCGR use has been reviewed, these reviews do not take into account important implants modifications, termed iterations, that were made due to early on postoperative complications is not well reported or understood.AIM To assess the effect of MCGR implant iterations on post-operative complications in EOS.METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify studies investigating MCGR specifically for the treatment of EOS, refined to those reporting the implant iteration, specifically the incorporation of the keeper plate to the implant design.Articles with mixed implant iteration usage were excluded. Complications following surgery were recorded as well as potential risk factors and compared between implant cohorts.RESULTS Although 20 articles were identified for inclusion, 5 included mixed implant iteration leaving a total of 271 patients identified through 15 clinical studies thatmet inclusion criteria. The average follow-up was 25.4-mo. Pre-keeper plate implants were utilized in 3 studies with a total of 49 patients. Overall, 115(42.4%)post-operative complications were identified, with 87% defined as major. The addition of the keeper plate significantly decreased the rate of post-operative complications per study(35.7% vs 80.6%, P = 0.036), and the rate of distraction failure(8.1% vs 40.8%, P = 0.02). Unplanned reoperation occurred in 69(26.7%)patients but was not different between implant iteration cohorts(25.5% without keeper plate vs 27.1% with keeper plate, P = 0.92).CONCLUSION MCGR for EOS has a cumulative complication rate of 42.4% but this is significantly reduced to 35.7% when reviewing only keeper-plate enabled implants. However, 25% of published articles included mixed implant iterations.Future studies should discern between implants iterations when reporting on the usage of MCGR for EOS.

Nested case-control study of multiple serological indexes and Brighton pediatric early warming score in predicting death of children with sepsis

BACKGROUND Currently, it is difficult to predict the complications of children at the early stage of sepsis. Brighton pediatric early warning score(PEWS) is a disease risk assessment system that is simple and easy to operate, which has good sensitivity and specificity in disease recognition among children. Because detection indicators vary widely in children, a single indicator is difficult to assess the posttreatment status of children with sepsis.AIM To investigate the relationship between serological markers, Brighton PEWS, and death in children with sepsis after treatment.METHODS A total of 205 children diagnosed with sepsis at our hospital were enrolled. The baseline data, serum scores, and PEWS scores were recorded. In the nested casecontrol study, children who died during the study period were included in an observation group. According to the matching principle, the children who were not dead in the same cohort were included in a control group. The influencing factors of death in children with sepsis after treatment and the value of each evaluation index in predicting the prognosis of children were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 96 children were enrolled in the study, including 48 each in the observation group and the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that antibacterial treatments within 1 h(P = 0.017), shock(P = 0.044),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)(P = 0.027), serum procalcitonin(PCT)(P = 0.047), serum albumin(ALB)(P = 0.024), and PEWS(P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for the death of children with sepsis. The area under the curve of the combination of ALB, PCT, and PEWS to predict the death in children with sepsis was the highest(0.908).CONCLUSION Antibacterial treatments within 1 h, shock, MODS, PCT, ALB, and PEWS are independent risk factors for the death of children with sepsis. The predictive accuracy of the combination of PCT, ALB, and PEWS for the prognosis of children with sepsis is the best.

Study on Quality and Safety Trust Early Warning of Dairy Products Based on Statistical Process Control

In order to solve such problems as lack of dynamic evaluation system in evaluation of quality and safety trust of dairy products,and weak awareness of prevention,it is necessary to introduce the statistical process control into the quality and safety trust evaluation system of dairy products,and establish quality and safety trust early warning model for dairy products,so as to determine the control limit of control chart and carry out early warning according to eight criteria. According to the empirical results,the statistical process control is helpful for finding the hidden process risks and providing the necessary basis for enterprises taking positive measures to raise the confidence of consumers.

Early warning prevention and control strategies to reduce perioperative venous thromboembolism in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a major cause of unexpected and perioperative in-hospital deaths.It is characterized by high morbidity,high mortality,high misdiagnosis rate,and high missed diagnosis rates.VTE is a common postoperative complication in cancer patients.VTE is preventable,and early identification of risk factors leading to VTE and appropriate early preventive actions can reduce its occurrence and mortality.Presently,there is no uniform standard for the prevention and control of VTE in clinical practice,and hospitals in China lack mature and effective protocols for the assessment,prevention,and treatment of VTE.AIM To explore whether an early warning program could influence the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)postoperatively.METHODS This is a comparative retrospective cohort study,which enrolled patients who underwent laparotomic or laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor resection for gastrointestinal cancer between January 2016 and December 2019.Patients were divided into a control group and an early warning group depending on whether or not the early warning program was implemented.A venous thromboembolism prevention and control team was established.The outcomes included the occurrence of DVT,the correct rate of VTE assessment,the coagulation indicators,and the mastery of VTE knowledge by the nurses.RESULTS A total of 264 patients were included in this study,with 128 patients in the control group and 136 patients in the early warning group.The occurrence rate of DVT in the early warning group was 6.6%(9/136),compared with 14.1%(18/128)in the control group(P<0.05).The correct rates of VTE risk assessment by the nurses and standard implementation rate of VTE preventive measures were 86.8%vs 65.6%and 80.2%vs 57.8%in early warning and control groups,respectively(all P<0.001).The independent factors associated with postoperative DVT occurrence were age(OR=1.083,95%CI:1.070-3.265,P=0.032),Hyperlipidemia(OR=1.127,95%CI:1.139-2.564,P=0.042),preoperative high VTE risk(OR=2.131,95%CI:1.085-5.178,P=0.001),time of operation(OR=2.268,95%CI:2.005-5.546,P=0.026)and not adoption of early warning prevention(OR=3.747,95%CI:1.523-6.956,P=0.017).CONCLUSION The early warning strategy was independently associated with the decreasing occurrence of VTE,and it might be suitable for protection from VTE in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.

Study on the Main Controlling Factors of the Early Ordovician Stromatolites Development in Liujiachang Area of Songzi City

The Early Ordovician stromatolites in the study area are mainly exposed at the bottom and middle and lower parts of the Second Member of Nanjinguan Formation,the top of the Fourth Member of Nanjinguan Formation,the middle of the Second Member of Fenxiang Formation and the bottom of the First Member of Honghuayuan Formation.In order to find out the controlling factors of Lower Ordovician stromatolites development in the study area,the analysis data of carbon,oxygen isotope samples,macro element samples as well as their variation characteristics are studied and then combined them with previous research results,which is eventually beneficial for reaching the conclusion:sea level change is one of the main factors controlling the formation of stromatolites.There are five sea level change cycles in the Early Ordovician period.The analysis of sea level change and accommodation space variation characteristics show that when the growth rate of the accommodation space is approximately equal to that of carbonate,the circulation of seawater is well,and the amount of light and oxygen is sufficient,so that the cyanobacteria organism can be multiplied in large quantities.The growth and development provide favorable conditions,and favorable conditions are provided for the growth and development of stromatolites;The peak changes in CaO content and CaO/MgO ratio indicate that the formation period of stromatolites is arid climate environment with high water temperature and large evaporation.Prokaryote reproduction is suitable for the environments with high seawater cleanliness.When the amount of land-based debris injected into the sea increases,the turbidity of water will lead to a large number of deaths of algae microorganisms that form stromatolites,and the stromatolitic microbial mats cannot be preserved.In addition,the growth and predation of macro-organisms play a restrictive role in the development of stromatolite-forming micro-organisms blue-green algae.According to the actual situa-tion of the development of the laminated rocks in the study area,what is the dominant function in the formation and decline of stromatolites between the evolution of metazoans and changing environments is discussed in the study.

Application of the cultural techniques of cotton leaf-age adjusting-controlling for promotng early maturity

According to the production index of lint cotton yield over 100kg per mu(1/15ha)and the relationship between the climate factors and the distribution of time and space for cottonboll setting in 1985—1990,we established a model of cultural techniques of cotton leaf-age-ad-justing-controlling for enhancing early maturity.By utilizing the principle of leaf-age model andthe principle of regulating nutrient distribution with DPC(Mepiquate chloride),the plants weretreated with DPC in proper time.A new type of population plant patterns was set up.It character-ized by high population density,dwarf,high boll weight,bolls near nodes,high energy and lowconsumption,short distance transport of nutrients,high yield and good quality.We put forward aset of management measures,i.e.adjusting boll setting stage,adjusting and controlling boll set-ting structure,stably applying N,increasing P,supplementing plants with K,increasing irrigationefficiency,techniques were applied and demonstrated in large areas in high yield

福建省贝类毒素风险预警与管控的现状与建议

贝类毒素主要由有毒赤潮藻产生,在海洋环境中分布广泛,它可通过食物链传递,对民众生命健康造成严重威胁。福建省近岸海域是我国赤潮高发海域之一,近年来在漳州、泉州等地曾发生民众食用贝类中毒事件。为保障民众健康和生命安全,维护海洋渔业经济健康发展,本文对福建省贝类毒素风险监测与管控、赤潮灾害预警与应急处置预案等相关政策、措施进行总结,结合近年来福建省海水贝类贝毒污染状况,对存在的主要问题进行分析,并针对性地提出健全相关法律法规、制定贝毒风险预警与应急处置预案、完善贝类毒素监测方案、严格产毒藻预警浓度、建立贝类毒素分级管控制度等对策和建议,以期为赤潮减灾、水产品质量安全管理,以及贝类毒素风险预警与管控体系的完善提供参考。

降雨诱发滑坡的NPR锚索控制机理及临滑预警

为研究降雨滑坡的控制及临滑预警技术,以熊家山滑坡为原型,通过分析边坡变形的时空特征,设计了相似模型试验.以普通预应力锚索(简称PR锚索)和NPR锚索为加固材料,运用高速摄像机、孔压、土压和锚索力传感器,分析了降雨诱发的滑坡规律和锚索控制机理,并结合现场试验探究了滑坡牛顿力变化规律.结果表明:孔隙水压力突降与边坡局部滑塌近似同步;NPR锚索力突降,边坡内部产生局部变形;PR锚索因无法承受大变形被拉断失效,而NPR锚索凭借恒阻大变形特性产生高应力吸能控制功能,促使边坡达到二次平衡状态;NPR锚索在滑坡前表现出明显的“先突增,后突降”的变形-临滑动力学规律;现场试验揭示了滑坡全过程牛顿力演变规律,提前7.5 h发出临滑预警.

水稻害虫:研究进展与展望

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物,病虫害的发生直接威胁水稻生产安全。水稻害虫种类多,灾变机制复杂,绿色防控新技术开发难度大。深入研究水稻害虫的监测和早期预警技术、发育与生殖调控机制、化学通信机制和新型防控技术等,不仅有助于阐明水稻害虫发生灾变机制,还将为害虫综合治理提供新的有效的防控靶点和防控技术。近年来,我国学者在水稻害虫研究领域取得显著进展,在多个研究方向取得重要成果,本专辑汇集了一些最新研究进展。本文概述了目前关于水稻害虫研究的最新进展,介绍了本专辑论文的主要研究内容,并提出了如下值得更深入关注的3个研究方向:(1)水稻害虫智能化监测和早期预警;(2)水稻害虫灾变机制及演变规律;(3)水稻害虫绿色防控靶点挖掘及可持续防控体系构建和应用。

水利工程白蚁防治研究进展

白蚁是一种主要的害堤动物,一直是水利工程安全运行的重大隐患,经济社会的发展和复杂环境的变化对白蚁防治提出了更高的要求。梳理了水利工程白蚁防治中预防、探查、处置三个环节的研究进展,阐述了白蚁防治关键技术的基本原理、适用场景及应用效果;回顾了白蚁监测预警技术的发展过程,介绍了技术原理、系统架构和功能实现;总结了白蚁综合防治技术的实践及探索,探讨了现阶段白蚁防治技术的适用性和局限性。在此基础上提出了对白蚁习性规律、白蚁蚁巢精准探测、白蚁智能监控预警、堤坝动物危害风险评估、白蚁防治综合治理及体制机制建设等研究方向的思考,为促进白蚁防治更加精准高效、绿色智能提供借鉴。

赣东北丘陵地区县域耕地非农化和非粮化驱动机制及预警

[目的]探究江西省上饶市铅山县耕地非农化和非粮化的空间分异特征及其驱动机制,模拟土地利用变化格局以作出预警,为严格落实耕地用途管制措施提供科学依据和决策支持。[方法]以铅山县2017年和2021年的土地利用数据为基础,利用空间计量模型识别耕地非农化和非粮化的驱动机制,借助PLUS模型预测耕地变化情况,根据预测结果进一步划定预警级别。[结果](1)铅山县耕地非农化和非粮化空间分异特征明显,耕地总体变化率和非粮化率高值区聚集在县域北部的河谷平原和南部的武夷山北麓山区,低值区分布在县域东西两侧;耕地非农化率高值区分布较为零散,低值区相对连片。(2)耕地利用等级和人均耕地面积是抑制耕地非农化的重要因素,城乡梯度、道路密度与非农化率和非粮化率呈正相关,人均建设用地面积、耕地后备资源对非农化率存在正向影响。(3)多情景模拟结果显示,自然发展情景下建设用地扩张导致耕地数量大幅度减少,耕地管制情景下耕地连片性提高,生态保护情景下存在林地挤压耕地资源的情况。(4)铅山县耕地非农化处于适度预警以上的行政村主要聚集在县域南部乡镇,耕地非粮化预警级别的高值区普遍集中在县域北部乡镇。[结论]未来应积极推进高标准农田建设,建立耕地保护补偿机制,提高乡镇集约节约用地水平,开展全域土地综合整治,完善耕地流转制度,落实耕地“占补平衡”和“进出平衡”的耕地用途管制措施。

矿井带式输送机火灾烟流特性及其预警防控综述

为有效防控煤矿井下带式输送机火灾事故,保障煤矿工作人员的生命财产安全,系统分析矿井带式输送机火灾的起火原因、燃烧特性、烟流特性、监测预警技术及防治措施,并基于当前研究现状提出展望。结果表明:引发带式输送机火灾的主要原因是摩擦温升、电气设备故障及明火;研究带式输送机火灾燃烧和烟流特性采用的巷道火灾模型及数值模拟相关参数具有一定局限性,需综合考虑运输巷道实际工况及环境等参数;国内虽有针对带式输送机火灾的监测预警系统,但其尚有不足,需引入5G、大数据及人工智能等新兴技术予以完善,并结合硬件探测及人员管理等方面,健全煤矿带式输送机火灾防治体系,进而全面推动煤矿安全智能化建设。

早期预警自动评分程序在普通病区患者病情风险管控中的应用

目的探讨早期预警自动评分程序在普通病区患者病情风险管控中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取丰城市人民医院及丰城市妇幼保健院普通病房985名患者作为研究对象,其中2022年6月至12月住院的491例患者作为对照组,由护士进行人工早期预警评分;2023年1月至6月住院的494例患者作为观察组,由护士收集数据、早期预警自动评分程序进行高、中、低危分层,比较两组患者计算评分时间、非计划转入ICU及分级护理准确情况。结果观察组患者的计算评分时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的非计划转入ICU率低于对照组,分级护理准确率高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期预警自动评分程序对于普通病区患者危重症具有良好的区分能力,降低计算评分时间以及非计划转入ICU人数,提高分级护理准确度。