Architectural Design for Re-functioning Historic Ottoman Warehouses: Case Study in Istanbul

Restoration of historical buildings is important because they maintain cultural and historical continuity and transmit the cultural and social values from our precedents to future generations.Historical buildings need to adapt themselves to a changing cultural,social,economic,and political context.In this paper refunctioning project of a historic Ottoman,warehouse is presented.The aim of the project is to re-gain this historical structure for public use by re-newing it to the modern comfort level and making the required functional changes.The main structural system of the warehouse consists of thick masonry stone walls.The idea in the proposed restoration project is to build a two-story steel structure inside the available volume of the warehouse.The columns of the new steel construction run parallel to the existing structural system of the historic building and are fixed at their base to the existing building foundation.Hence,there is no connection between the proposed steel structure walls and the existing masonry walls,and this will save the historic fabric of the warehouse.The project proposal shows the details of planned restoration stages,the process of programming the new interior space,construction materials,and lighting and ventilation solutions.Furthermore,in this project,two-and threedimensional computer drawings were used.Finally,the proposed parallel steel structure is able to regain the warehouse and renew it to be used as a modern housing and workshop.

Historic Centers Restoration and Ancient Buildings Energetic Efficiency Improvement

The historical center is a part of the city with specific environmental, architectural and historical values, which emerges from the urban fabric structural continuity. This complex reality requires a comprehensive understanding to determinate the most proper ways to carry out functional transformations and system adaptations, with respect to historical buildings values. Each building must obtain those proper improvements and functional adjustments, also in terms of technology and energetic efficiency. The achievements of a complex interdisciplinary research project on Ceglie Messapica historical center (BR, Italy) are explained. They lead to guidelines for mulation for the historical buildings’ critical conservative restoration.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

Signs of Urban Identity in the Cities of Terra d’Otranto:A Contribution to Historical Research and Issues about Conservation Practices

The cities of Terra d’Otranto own a stratified architectural heritage,strongly connected with the local rural resources.From 15th to 19th century important phases of urban development contributed to creating an incisive characterization of many small cities holding precious cultural traces,appreciable in the specific use of construction materials and in the peculiar image of the historic city landscapes.Steeples and church pediments can be identified as signs of urban identity,alongside monumental walls,city gates,fortified buildings and other explicit representations of religious and secular authority.Moreover squares,courtyards and surroundings of undeniable cultural interest form a typical environmental heritage that the communities have enriched with many tangible and intangible values.In regard to the vulnerability of the building heritage,considerations on the broad scope of conservation are more important than ever,especially in relation to the required implementation of knowledge through scientific research and more attentive restoration practices on the architectural heritage of the historic cities.Ultimately,an in-depth study of the urban palimpsest is necessary for the proper identification of the features to safeguard,considering the risk of losing important testimonies for the collective memory.

Conservation of Building and Decorative Elements of Ottoman Architecture in the Medieval City of Rhodes

The transformation of the medieval city of Rhodes and the modification of its buildings since the siege of 1522 by Suleiman the Magnificent up to the 20th century, were imposed by the social and religious needs of each of its conquerors. In particular, during the period of the Ottoman rule （1522-1912）, most of the churches were converted into mosques while new buildings like public baths and mansions were constructed, resulting in alterations in the morphological characteristics of the city. Although the buildings of the Hospitalier＇s period （1307-1522） were preserved, the additions and adjustments resulted into a mixture of western and oriental architecture, which today determines the multicultural identity of the city. In 1988, UNESCO （United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization） designated the medieval city of Rhodes as a world heritage city for its exemplary architectural complexity and variability, which perfectly reflects the complex historical phenomena and the unique integration of various cultures for more than seven centuries. In this paper, the management of the modifications and the restoration approach of four representative mosques are presented.

Photogrammetric Survey of the Historical Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário and São Benedito in Brazil

In the history of cities and society,architecture plays an important role in the materialization of buildings,in the ways of life and in the constitution of an era.Documenting architectural heritage is an essential task for the conservation,management and collection of knowledge,however it is a time consuming and costly task.Presently,the application of digital aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry has made this process simpler,more agile and of relatively low cost.In this context,the objective of this study was to analyze the visual and geometric quality of the 3D model,of architectural heritage,generated by photogrammetric techniques.To this end,topographic mapping(reference)and aerial and terrestrial photogrammetric surveys of the Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário and São Benedito,in Estrela do Sul/MG,Brazil,which is a historical and cultural heritage of the country,were carried out.Adopted as a reference,the 3D topographic model was generated by the points collected with a total station.To generate the photogrammetric 3D model,aerial photos were obtained using a UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)and terrestrial photos,acquired at strategic points.In both cases the PowerShot SX260HS camera was used.The two georeferenced 3D models were analyzed visually,considering texture and completeness,and compared geometrically through coordinates of homologous points.Comparatively,the photogrammetric 3D model presented results with a wealth of details far superior to the topographic ones and a geometry with centimetric discrepancies,showing that the method is suitable for generating 3D models relating to architectural heritage.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

Museum architecture as spatial storytelling of historical time： Manifesting a primary example of Jewish space in Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum

Museums commonly adopt storytelling in their interpretive framework by use of audiovisual techniques to convey the meanings contained within artifacts. In addition to audiovisual mediation, this study demonstrates the idea that museum architecture itself can also be re,larded as a medium of spatial storytelling, specifically of historical time, which is manifested spatially and cognitively for museum visitors. The Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum （YVHHM） in Jerusalem is considered a spatial storytelling tool that successfully establishes an architectural dimension and thus displays, reveals, and interprets historical time during the Holocaust. The research method of this study is drawn from a case study of YVHHM and consists of a Literature review of schotarship in museum studies about artifacts and exhibition techniques of storytelling. The study concludes that the architectural space and landscape of YVHHM create a primary example of Jewish space and its specific engaeements with historical time by use of spatial layout and circulation, spatial form and symbolization, and spatial qualities of lighting and material. These components construct a tangjble, sacred, and cultural artifact; such artifact inherits, preserves, and records Yad Vashem, Modern Jerusalem, and the Nation of Israel and is an ideal physical and spiritual ＂home＂ for Jewish people worldwide.

Development History of Traditional Tibetan Gardens

According to the garden scale,garden element and gardening technique,as well as garden processing mode and history of Tibet,traditional Tibetan gardens were classified into germination phase,formation phase and maturation phase,by introducing development status of traditional Tibetan gardens in each phase,this study proposed that a Tibetan garden system was formed with Norbulingka as a representative,and characteristics of traditional Tibetan gardens were concluded as:A.Garden selection and layout usually depends on plain terrains around main buildings with clear relationship among and low density of woods,constructions and roads,which is open and regular without designed windings,and different from gardening techniques of traditional Chinese gardens characterized by zig-zags,restraining before expanding,and winding paths to the serenity;B.Garden elements in Tibetan gardens mainly indicate those landscape plants,its gardening focuses on greening,but unlike traditional Chinese gardens,pays less attention to "water layout";C.Traditional Tibetan gardens have 3 major functions:recreational,religious and political,attaching great importance to its religious functions.

Urban and Architectural Design of the Piazza del Governo in Enna

The paper deals with the urban space of Piazza del Governo in Enna, a town located in the center of Sicily. This square was realized in 1935 by the architect Salvatore Caronia Roberti and is representative of the 1930s＇ fascist regime. The aim of this research is the knowledge of this urban space： the historical references, the compositive choices, the planimetric layout and its geometric rigor, and the monumentality and representativeness of the buildings overlooking the square. The research used the tools of Survey and Representation to better understand the dimensional ratios both at the urban and architectural scale. We have carried out an integrated survey （direct, photogrammetric, 3D laser scanning） in order to acquire a whole set of information essential to describe, document, and appreciate all the features of this urban space. Our investigation started by analyzing the historical documents preserved at the Historic Archive of the city of Enna （project drawings, letters, and historical images） to better understand why some decisions have been taken. The final result represents the historical memory up-to-date of the whole urban space, and it allows any academics to investigate more about the project： the initial decisions, the conservation state, and the possible and more coherent interventions of maintenance and preservation.

The Protection and Inheritance of Historical Architecture and Cultural Heritage——The Cognitive Bias and Participation of Shanghai Citizen and Promotion Strategy

The historical architecture and cultural heritage is basic embodiments of the cultural representation, cultural character and cultural spirit of a city. Based on 954 effective questionnaires of Shanghai citizens, this paper analyzes the basic situation, cognitive bias and obstacles of the protection and inheritance of historical architecture and cultural heritage. For example, the contradiction between the objective demand of urban renewal and the protection of historical building has yet to be coordinated,and the legal system for the protection of heritage has yet to be improved. The ' protective destruction' of historical buildings and the over-commercialization are serious. Lack of public awareness, cultural selfconfidence,cultural feelings, cultural experience, lack of talent, and so on. Based on these obstacles,this paper explores the common participation of governments and enterprises, social groups and individuals from the macro-strategic level to enhance the quality of the protection and inheritance of historical architecture and cultural heritage.

乡村景观治理模式的演变路径及动力学机制研究

运用历史比较法、内容分析法,对中华人民共和国成立以来我国乡村景观及其治理体系的演进历程进行全景式分析。将治理模式分为起步阶段、改革阶段和完善阶段,结合各时期乡村景观建设成效,归纳治理影响因素与对景观的调节机制,认为国家对乡村的定位决定景观治理目标与重点,土地、人口管理、经济产业等制度改革引导乡村治理的潜力挖掘,行政财政体制制约乡镇的治理效能,社会文化嬗变加速治理程序的价值转向。最后,基于演变路径提出建议,以期探索更加规范化、法制化的乡村景观建设与治理模式。

法国建筑遗产分类与分级保护规制与启示

法国是全球最早开始对历史建筑进行国家层面立法保护的国家,目前其建筑遗产受到《遗产法典》的保护。总的来说,法国将其建筑保护对象分为了需要严格保护的、建成年代较远且与现代生活联系紧密度相对一般的“列级建筑”,以及从简保护的、主要对其变化做出一定记录且与现代生活联系更为紧密的“登记建筑”与“杰出的当代建筑”。文章对法国三类建筑遗产的认定方法、保护方法进行深入剖析,深入探究了其分类与分级保护机制对我国的启示。

景观人类学视角下的泮溪酒家保护更新研究

基于景观人类学的理念和方法指导泮溪酒家历史环境的保护更新,以空间生产和场所构建的理论结合人类学田野调查、结构化访谈及大数据分析等方法研究泮溪酒家及所处西关历史环境的“空间”“场所”景观及二者“多相”共生的情况。在此基础上结合泮溪酒家保护更新的实践,以“空间”和“场所”视角扩大研究范围,串联象征符号,挖掘当地居民日常生活实践与社会关系,生产与构建出具有地方特色且符合当地居民情感记忆的景观。最后以“多相律”理论探求内外景观的统一与融合共生,为中国城乡建设中的历史环境保护更新提供新视角与方法论参考。

广东省风景名胜区研究回顾与展望(1979-2022)

广东省作为经济社会和旅游业最发达的地区之一,进行省域风景名胜区研究有利于提高风景名胜区人文、自然和经济价值的区域效用。结合文献计量学的定量分析方法,对知网195篇广东风景名胜区相关研究文献进行综合评述,分析已有广东风景名胜区研究在文献年谱、关键词、研究对象、研究方法的特征,并基于文献年谱进行分阶段研究内容的发展总结。研究发现:(1)研究对象上,区位集中在珠三角地区,类型以城市风景类为主,存在区域体系研究缺乏,案例研究不全面的问题;(2)研究方法上,2009年之后定量研究逐渐增加,其中以地理信息统计和游客问卷调研的定量评价为主,但整体上定量研究较少,同时跨学科的评价方法选取缺乏论证;(3)研究内容上按时间可分为研究兴起期、实践探索期和理论拓展期三个阶段,目前以景城文化互动和景城边界规划控制为例,城市风景类风景名胜相关研究内容呈现出明显的区域特征,但还缺乏集中深入的探讨。在此基础上,提出巩固基础对象的系统研究、拓展学习风景遗产保护研究方法、深入地域特色城市风景类风景名胜区研究的未来展望。

风景名胜区总体规划制度发展历程

风景名胜区总体规划是对其进行保护、利用和管理的基本依据。爬梳1978年以来主管部门发布的公文、法规和标准,并对照国家级风景区总规成果,划分并总结出总规编制要求的初定、总规法制基础的形成、总规编制和建设管理的规范、总规监管和法规体系的完善(分增强法律效力、完善法规体系2个阶段)、总规制度的保留和调整5个时期的阶段性、总体性特征,分析制度制定与实践相互促进的关系,揭示业已形成的总规“编制、审批-执行、检查-实施评估”的程序,展现“现状调研-资源评价-总体布局-专项规划”并指导“实施和管理”的总规基本内容、方法和步骤的形成过程。

风景名胜区影响下的城镇建设与发展路径探析

风景名胜区是最具中国特色的一类保护地,多年来在保护资源并发展旅游的同时,带动了城镇建设发展。按照城市型、近郊型和独立型3种类型梳理244个国家级风景名胜区与城镇的关系,揭示风景名胜区带动城镇建设与发展的路径,即通过管控区内建设用地、划定外围保护地带、调整边界及布局旅游服务基地等规划措施,在防止自身被城市化的同时,促进相关城镇的空间建设、经济发展及职能转变。指明景城之间已形成相辅相成的关系,以期为新时期新需求下的保护地与城镇协调发展提供参考。

HUL视角下中国近现代公寓建筑遗产谱系研究

建筑遗产谱系研究对于城乡建筑遗产保护与文化传承工作具有指导意义。中国近现代历史公寓是一种特殊的建筑遗产类型,其与中国近现代国家、城市发展历史背景紧密关联,具有城市历史景观属性。以谱系视角切入公寓建筑遗产研究,借鉴城市历史景观理论,建构了以建筑功能类型和历史范型关联解析为研究路径,以时期划分、语境解析、特征识别、谱系建构为研究步骤,以建筑属性特征3要素(区位条件、权属主体、称谓方式)和形态特征3要素(空间组织、形体轮廓、装饰细部)为研究要素的城市建筑遗产谱系研究方法。通过多样区、多时段关联解析,梳理、识别出1840年—1980年间中国公寓建筑建造的历史语境、多元特征和时代价值,并据此建构出以住宅、宿舍、旅社3大类及其9亚类、18小类功能类型和以开埠通商、民族革命、抗战斗争、解放建国初、人民公社与三线建设5阶段22类历史范型为类属坐标的中国近现代公寓建筑遗产谱系。相关方法、结论可为城市建筑遗产谱系研究和公寓建筑遗产保护实践提供参考。

浙江省风景名胜区人文景源分布特征及影响因素研究

风景名胜区在数千年的演进过程中,高度融合了中国大地多样且深厚的传统文化,见证了中华民族几千年的历史文明进程,是最具中国特色的自然保护地。从省域层面探析风景名胜区的人文景源分布特征及影响因素,对于风景名胜区的整体价值认知具有重要意义,有利于中国自然保护地体系完整性保护。以浙江省57个风景名胜区为研究对象,对其人文景源进行统计分析,并将结果呈现到浙江省域空间,总结出浙江省风景名胜区的人文景源和特、一、二级3级人文景源数量的占比特征,以及不同人文景源占比的风景名胜区在浙江省域空间的分布规律,提出风景名胜区人文景源占比与该区域的地形地貌、平原湖泊、政治文化中心、山水游赏活动、宗教活动、军事要隘等因素存在关联关系。

泉州开元寺国内研究述评

通过搜集2021年前发表的有关泉州开元寺的论文,从建筑、艺术、历史三大学科视角对泉州开元寺的相关研究进行综合评述,当前的研究以传统学科领域的微观研究和对“静态事物”的定性研究为主,未来可以从开元寺本体研究拓展到对比研究,同时大胆尝试探索性研究,也可尝试采用大数据分析法等新型研究法对开元寺的人、事、制度等“动态事务”展开研究。