A New Transient Impedance-Based Algorithm for Earth Fault Detection in Medium Voltage Networks

This paper presents a new earth-fault detection algorithm for unearthed （isolated） and compensated neutral medium voltage （MV） networks. The proposed algorithm is based on capacitance calculation from transient impedance and dominant transient frequency. The Discrete Fourier Transform （DFT） method is used to determine the dominant transient frequency. The values of voltage and current earth modes are calculated in the period of the dominant transient frequency, then the transient impedance can be determined, from which we can calculate the earth capacitance. The calculated capacitance gives an indication about if the feeder is faulted or not. The algorithm is less dependent on the fault resistance and the faulted feeder parameters; it mainly depends on the background network. The network is simulated by ATP/EMTP program. Several different fault conditions are covered in the simulation process, different fault inception angles, fault locations and fault resistances.

Single-phase earth fault current distribution between optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and ordinary ground wire in transmission system

It is important for the safety of transmission system to accurately calculate single-phase earth fault current distribution.Features of double sided elimination method were illustrated.Quantitative calculation of single-phase earth fault current distribution and case verification were accomplished by using the loop method.Influences of some factors,such as single-phase earth fault location and ground resistance of poles,on short-circuit current distribution were discussed.Results show that:1) results of the loop method conform to those of double sided elimination method;2) the fault location hardly influences macro-distribution of short-circuit current.However,current near fault location is evidently influenced;and 3) the short-circuit current distribution is not so sensitive to the ground resistance of poles.

A Novel Transient Current-Based Differential Algorithm for Earth Fault Detection in Medium Voltage Distribution Networks

This paper presents a novel transient current differential algorithm for earth fault detection in unearthed （isolated） and compensated neutral medium voltage （MV） networks. The proposed algorithm uses the transient residual currents, which are very sensitive for earth faults detection. The transient values of residual currents are calculated for each feeder in the network and used as an earth fault indicator. The flow of residual currents is investigated. It is found that the residual current for the faulted feeder is equal to the summation of all residual currents for all other healthy feedersl Based on this investigation, a differential technique is proposed. A percentage restrain performance is proposed to ensure the selectivity and security of the algorithm. The transient algorithm is very sensitive for earth fault incidence. To apply the proposed algorithm, the residual currents can be measured easily by one sensor for each feeder with no need to voltage measurement. The proposed algorithm is less dependent on the fault resistance and the faulted feeder parameters. The network is simulated by ATP/EMTP program. Different fault conditions are covered in the simulation process： different fault inception angles, fault locations and fault resistances.

Fault Feeder Identification in Non-effectively Grounded Distribution Network with Secondary Earth Fault

Secondary earth faults occur frequently in power distribution networks under harsh weather conditions.Owing to its characteristics,a secondary earth fault is typically hidden within the transient of the first fault.Therefore,most researchers tend to focus on a feeder with single fault while disregarding secondary faults.This paper presents a fault feeder identification method that considers secondary earth faults in a non-effectively grounded distribution network.First,the wavelet singular entropy method is used to detect a secondary fault event.This method can identify the moment at which a secondary fault occurs.The zero-sequence current data can be categorized into two fault stages.The first and second fault stages correspond to the first and secondary faults,respectively.Subsequently,a similarity matrix containing the time-frequency transient information of the zero-sequence current at the two fault stages is defined to identify the fault feeders.Finally,to confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method,we conduct simulation experiments and an adaptability analysis based on an electromagnetic transient program.

Method of Fault Area ＆ Section Location for Non-solidly Earthed Distribution System

中国中压配电网以架空线为主，多为小电流系统，单相接地故障占到电网故障总数的80％以上，但中国配网自动化系统基本上没有小电流接地故障定位功能，使配网自动化系统在提高可靠性的作用上大打折扣。给出一种小电流接地故障区段定位新方法，在线路上配置广域相量测量固定测点，获取小电流电网单相接地故障特征信息。基于测点相邻矩阵区段起始测点标识向量和故障路径标识向量概念，提出确定故障区间边界节点算法。物理模拟实验和挂网测试表明：该故障分区分段定位方法能够在线求解小电流接地故障段边界节点，缩小线路维护巡视范围。确定故障区间边界节点算法还可用于确定故障区相关负荷开关，为线路维护和馈线自动化提供依据。

Correlation Studies of Rare Earth Elements in Syntectonic Intrusions of Strike-Slip Stage along Southern Segment of Tan-Lu Fault Zone

Intrusions in the Zhangbaling uplift zone and the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt belong to the syntectonic intrusions developed during the strike-slip stage in the southern segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone. However, characteristics of rare earth elements show that intrusions in the Zhangbaling uplift zone have the characteristics of mantle source type and those in the eastern margin of Dabie belt are the typical crust source type. Therefore, Au-deposits related to the intrusions in the Zhangbaling uplift zone are developed better than those in the eastern margin of the Dabieshan. The research results of the rare earth elements coincide with the studies of geophysics, tectonic setting and stable isotope. It is further indicated that the rare earth elements offer effective approach to tracing the material sources of magmatic rocks.

Transient Fault Locating Method Based on Line Voltage and Zero-mode Current in Non-solidly Earthed Network

为解决配电网小电流接地故障时故障点定位困难的问题，提出一种基于线电压和零模电流暂态分量的故障定位新方法。该方法借助馈线自动化（feeder automation，FA）系统实现，不需要额外增加设备。馈线终端检测线电压和零模电流信号，利用暂态线电压的希尔伯特变换与暂态零模电流的乘积计算故障方向参数，FA主站根据故障点前后方向参数极性相反的特征确定故障点所在的线路区段。介绍基于线电压的小电流接地故障检测和接地故障相确定的算法。数字仿真与试验结果表明该方法是正确可行的。

An evidence for earthquake ocurence time related with geologic structure──Relations between local mean lunar times of earthquake ocurence and their fault trends

The relation between the local mean lunar time τ of earthquake occurrence and their fault trends is studied in this paper. The local mean lunar times τ of 53 earthquakes in 24 groups are calculated. Because the tidal generation force arisen by the moon is a cyclic function of about 12 hours 25 minutes in the main, the two tidal generation forces anywhere in the earth arising by the moon are equal in general when the moon lies to the two sites of 180° interval of local mean lunar time. Based on this phenomenon the values Δ τ of τ 1- τ 2 or τ 1-τ 2±180° of two earthquakes occurring repetitiously in the same place are also calculated. The calculated results show that if the fault trends of the two earthquakes in the same place is near, the Δ τ is usually smaller and if the fault trends of the two ones is not near, the Δ τ is usually larger and the distribution of the local mean lunar time τ of earthquakes in different places is dispersive even if fault trends of these earthquakes are near, and the τ does not concentrate on the lower and upper transit of the moon. The above phenomena clear up that the triggering earthquake of earth solid tide arisen by the moon is relative with the fault trends of earthquakes and we ought to think over the difference of environmental conditions of earthquake preparation of each seismogenic zone and can not make statistics to earthquakes in different places when we study the relation between the solid earth tide arisen by the moon and earthquakes.

郯庐断裂转换段新沂地裂缝成生机理及构造意义

新沂地区处于郯庐断裂带转换段的关键部位,自20世纪70年代以来在新沂地区共发现地裂缝灾害点28处。这些地裂缝以群发的形式发育在南马陵山以西、沂河—骆马湖以东的区域内,地裂灾害影响区面积达100 km^(2)。新沂地裂缝与地层结构、地震活动、地下水开采等因素有着千丝万缕的联系,对其研究形成了多种观点。利用实地调查与勘探手段,新近查明了新沂地裂缝的基本特征,它们具有走向一致性、纵向尖灭性、局部群发性等特点,且与邻近断裂(郯庐断裂带次级断裂F3)具有高度一致性,属于区域构造控制型地裂缝。以新沂地区地质构造为原型,构建了逆断层作用下地裂缝成生物理试验模型。试验结果表明,随着逆断层断距加大而依次呈剪裂段、离层段、弯裂段等发展过程。结合新沂地区“地堑地垒地堑”组合结构,新沂地裂缝的成因机制可概括为“跷跷板”构造模型,在构造应力、自重应力、地下水波动等作用下,下沉段受挤压,上升段因抬升而弯裂,从而形成地裂缝。研究新沂地区地裂缝,对揭示郯庐断裂带“北中南”段构造变化和“深浅表”部结构联系具有重要的指示意义。

小电流接地配电网馈线单相接地故障零序阻抗特性分析

文章以暂态零序特征为着眼点,从频域角度对小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障后的特性进行详细探讨。从线路入端零序阻抗这一随频率变化的特征量入手,深入挖掘了配电网系统中各馈线零序阻抗的阻抗特性,详细探讨了零序阻抗的幅值、相角随频率的变化规律,并针对不同的中性点接地方式以及线路是否健全加以分析,为更好地利用零序暂态信号,提高故障检测正确率夯实了基础。最后通过PSCAD搭建仿真模型验证了该特性。

基于绝缘套管的10 kV架空裸线接地故障监测与防治技术研究

树障问题是造成10 kV配电线路接地故障的主要原因,严重制约着末端配电线路的供电效率。针对10 kV架空线路穿越林木区频繁面临的接地现象,提出采取敷设带电流监测绝缘套管的方案对树障区裸线进行保护,以防止接地故障发生,降低配网线损,提升供电效率。首先分析了树障接地问题产生的机理;然后详细阐述了基于绝缘套管的接地故障监测与防治方法;第三,研制了带电流监测功能的简易型绝缘套管;最后,该成果在国网浙江省电力公司某配电线路试用,对该研究成果的实效进行了检验,获得了用户的好评。

近断层地震动作用下土石坝加速度分布研究

近断层地震动较远场地震动具有频率高、速度快、能量更加集中的特点,在短时间内会释放大量能量,对工程结构具有严重危害。规范提供的加速度分布系数不适用于高度超过150 m的大坝,随着技术不断进步,我国超过150 m的土石坝越来越多,规范已不能满足现有需求。基于中国台湾集集近断层地震动记录,建立随机脉冲型地震动模型,分别对高度为40 m、70 m、150 m和200 m的土石坝进行随机动力分析,研究坝体的动态分布系数。结果表明,近断层地震动的低频速度脉冲使坝体的加速度反应谱有较宽的敏感段,易覆盖坝体自振周期,显著增加坝体的加速度。该研究通过总结近断层区域土石坝的加速度分布规律,建议了近断层脉冲型地震动区域的土石坝坝体动态分布系数,为近断层高地震风险情况下土石坝的抗震理论和方法提供参考。

中强地震发震构造标志浅析——以2023年积石山M_(S)6.2地震为例

地震地表破裂是地震发生的重要特征,是研究地震动力学、构造变形的重要手段。一般认为,M6 3/4以上的地震才会形成地表破裂。但近年来,也有M6.0左右的地震发生了地表破裂。本文旨在探讨中强地震地表破裂的识别方法。中强地震发震构造的识别具有一定的挑战性,主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)中强地震地表破裂的规模(位错量、宽度、长度和深度)较小,容易被黄土层厚覆盖,掩盖地表破裂的痕迹,不易识别;(2)非构造成因裂缝干扰,使得难以区分构造成因地表破裂。本文以2023年积石山M_(S)6.2地震为例,对中强地震构造成因破裂的识别标志进行了初步分析,提出了以下识别标志:(1)地表破裂几何展布和剖面形态,地震伴生的次生灾害(滑坡、崩塌、砂土液化等)的线性分布为识别发震构造提供参考和线索;(2)地表破裂沿破裂走向呈现稳定地穿越不同地貌单元,至少穿越一条沟谷等低凹地貌;(3)地表破裂在地质剖面上表现出稳定的产状;(4)地表破裂伴生构造形态,地表沿破裂发育雁列式褶皱(挤压鼓包)与张裂缝交替出现的现象。本文提出的识别标志为中强地震发震构造的识别提供了新的思路。

Google Earth在野外初步断裂调查中的应用

主要介绍了卫星影像技术及Google Earth的特点,通过工程实例说明了Google Earth作为卫星影像在野外断裂调查中发挥的作用,总结了Google Earth卫星影像的优劣。

基于零序导纳幅值比的同母两回线异相接地复故障选线方法

消弧线圈接地系统发生同母两回线异相接地故障时,常规选线装置存在准确率不高的问题。针对消弧线圈接地系统发生的同母两回线异相接地复故障选线难的问题,文中通过线路首端的零序电流和母线零序电压信息获得线路的零序导纳,分析消弧线圈接地系统发生同母两回线异相接地故障特征,发现故障线路零序导纳的幅值大于非故障线路零序导纳的幅值,在高阻接地时仍呈现出此特征。在此基础上提出了基于零序导纳幅值比的消弧线圈接地系统同母两回线异相接地复故障选线方法,利用故障线路与非故障线路零序导纳幅值的差异建立故障选线判据,将所有故障线路全部选出。PSCAD仿真结果表明,该选线方法准确率高,不受故障位置、消弧线圈补偿度的影响,具有较强的耐受过渡电阻的能力。

基于ICEEMDAN-GWO-SVM的煤矿井下单相接地故障选线

为解决煤矿配电网发生单相接地故障时,难以对故障线路准确识别的问题,提出一种基于改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)的灰狼算法优化支持向量机(GWO-SVM)配电网单相接地故障选线方法。采用ICEEMDAN对不同工况下的每一条线路的零序电流进行分解,对各线路分解后的第一个模态分量IMF1求裕度因子、残差量相对能量系数和综合相关系数,然后将求解出的3种特征值组合形成特征向量,最后输入GWO-SVM中进行模式识别。通过Matlab/Simulink搭建包含4条馈线的10 kV配电网仿真模型进行验证。仿真结果表明,该方法不受故障位置、故障初始角、过渡电阻的影响,具有较高的选线准确率。

矿山供电系统单相接地故障区段定位方法

中性点非有效接地的矿山高压供电系统发生单相接地故障后,故障暂态过程交叉干扰严重,故障信号呈现出很强的非线性、非平稳性、高时变性和复杂性,故障定位难度很大。针对此难题,提出了一种基于分布散度的故障区段定位方法。首先,通过等效电路分析了故障特性,研究并采用Choi-Williams分布(Choi-Williams Distribution,CWD)时频能量谱克服故障信号中多频率成分交叉干扰。然后,采用改进KL散度表征故障区段上下游信号时频分布差异,处理上下游信号CWD时频能量谱中重叠部分,消除故障区段上下游信号相似成分的不利影响。在此基础上,借助零序电流信号CWD-KL散度构建了故障定位判据。最后,仿真测试与对比分析验证了所提方法的有效性与优越性。

超高层建筑单相接地短路保护的可靠性校验

论述自动切断电源作间接接触保护的校验的必要性,对超高层建筑的典型配电回路进行单相接地短路电流计算及断路器灵敏度校验,通过对提升灵敏度措施的比较分析,提供几点超高层建筑断路器和电缆选择的建议。

弱电设备远距离供电探讨

针对离电源点较远的弱电设备取电较难、供电距离较长的问题,结合宽电压输入范围直流电源的实际电压输入需求、规范要求的电压降范围,在满足接地故障保护、短路保护等要求的前提下,进行计算和分析,提出远距离场所弱电设备低压供电距离的观点。

基于Google Earth的浑河断裂带遥感影像解译分析

遥感解译分析是断裂调查和活动性研究的重要工作内容,通过清晰、完整的断裂线性影像判读并结合实际验证调查能够获得断裂构造展布、结构、规模和活动特征等多方面的参数。浑河断裂带发育于沈阳、抚顺及其以东的辽东山地,其Google Earth卫星数据分辨率可以达到1~2.5m至亚米级,客观上提供了进行浑河断裂带遥感解译分析的条件。分析表明,浑河断裂带可以划分为沈阳段、抚顺段、章党—南杂木段和南杂木—英额门东段等4个不同的断裂段,除沈阳段以外,其它各段均表现出清晰的断裂线性特征,对于微地貌形态具有比较明确的反映。抚顺段和南杂木—英额门东段均控制了浑河河谷的发育,但不同的是,抚顺段北支较之南支规模更大、活动性更强,章党—南杂木段和南杂木—英额门东段影像可辨识度较高,微地貌变化稳定、连续,可能具有较新的第四纪活动性。