Accumulation of Rare Earth Elements in Spinach and Soil under Condition of Using REE and Acid Rain Stress

The content and distribution characteristics of REE in spinach and soil under using REE and acid rain stress were studied by pot experiments. The results show that the content of REE is 0 527～0 696 (μg·g -1 ) in the above ground portion of spinach, 2 668～3 003 (μg·g -1 ) in the under ground portion of spinach and 229 09～250 30 (μg·g -1 ) in the soil. With the acidity of acid rain increasing, the leaching of REE in plants and soil is strengthened and the amount of REE reduces with decreasing of pH value. After REE are used, though plants show the selective absorption to Ce group elements (especially spraying on leaves), regardless under acid rain stress or using REE or not, the distribution model of REE in the above ground and under ground portion of plants is basically the same with the control. Plants also follow the Oddo Harkins rule of the REE of distribution abundance, light rare earth elements is enriched, the minus of Eu is abnormal and admeasure of Ce is a rich model. The results show that REE in plants mainly come from soil and are affected by it.

Influence of the earth rotation on the interfacial wave solutions and wave-induced tangential stress in a two-layer fluid system

Interfacial waves and wave-induced tangential stress are studied for geostrophic small amplitude waves of two-layer fluid with a top free surface and a fiat bottom. The solutions were deduced from the general form of linear fluid dynamic equations of two-layer fluid under the f-plane approximation, and wave-induced tangential stress were estimated based on the solutions obtained. As expected, the solutions derived from the present work include as special cases those obtained by Sun et al. （2004. Science in China, Ser. D, 47（12）： 1147-1154） for geostrophic small amplitude surface wave solutions and wave-induced tangential stress if the density of the upper layer is much smaller than that of the lower layer. The results show that the interface and the surface will oscillate synchronously, and the influence of the earth＇s rotation both on the surface wave solutions and the interfacial wave solutions should be considered.

Process Analysis of In-situ Strain during the M_s8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake—Data from the Stress Monitoring Station at Shandan

There were huge life and property losses during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Strain fluctuation curves were completely recorded at stress observatory stations in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its surroundings in the process of the earthquake. This paper introduces the geological background of the Wenchuan earthquake and the profile of in-situ stress monitoring stations. In particular, data of 174 earthquakes （Ms4.0-Ms8.5） were processed and analyzed with various methods, which were recorded at the Shandan station from August 2007 to December 2008. The results were compared with other seismic data, and further analyses were done for the recoded strain seismic waves, co-seismic strain stepovers, pre-earthquake strain valleys, Earth＇s free oscillations before and after the earthquake and their physical implications. During the Wenchuan earthquake, the strainmeter recorded a huge extensional strain of 70 seconds, which shows that the Wenchuan earthquake is a rupture process predominated by thrusting. Significant precursory strain anomalies were detected 48 hours, 30 hours, 8 hours and 37 minutes before the earthquake. The anomalies are very high and their forms are very similar to that of the main shock. Similar anomalies can also be found in strain curves of other shocks greater than Ms7.0, indicating that such anomalies are prevalent before a great earthquake. In this paper, it is shown that medium aftershocks （Ms5.5- 6.0） can also cause Earth＇s free oscillations. Study of free oscillations is of great significance to understand the internal structure of the Earth and focal mechanisms of earthquakes and to recognize slow shocks, thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of geological disasters and the prediction of future earthquakes.

Alleviation Effects of Rare Earth on Cd Stress to Rape

Using rapes as test materials, the fastness expression and alleviation effect of rapes were studied under Cd stress condition, as the rapeseeds were dipped in the single element(La, Ce, Nd, Pr)and mixed rare earth(RE). The results indicate that, under Cd stress, the dry and fresh weight are increased by both the single element and mixed rare earth treatment, and the fastness of rape is improved.The single element of rare earth decreases the Cd content in rape roots and transmits Cd to the edible parts above the ground in which the alleviation effect of Ce is most significant.La treatment takes the second place, so that the poisonous effect of heavy metal Cd is eased.The mixed rare earth doesn't alleviate the assimilation of Cd in rape roots, but accelerates the transfer of Cd to the parts above the ground. The research puts forward that the alleviation of rare earth on Cd stress has connection with the decrease of Ca content.

Effects of Rare Earth on Oxidative Damage and Redox System of Wheat Seedling Leaves under Water Stress

After treated with low concentration of La^3 ＋ , the rate of producing active oxygen free radical, the relative permeability of cell membrane, the contents of bivalent iron ion in wheat seedling leaves under water stress were determined. The results show that in wheat seedling leaves, feasible concentrations of La^3 ＋ decreases the accumulation of active oxygen free radical, inhibits the increase of the relative permeability of cell membrane, reduces the content of peroxidation product MDA of membrane lipid, and prevents the plant cell producing more bivalent iron ion which can catalyzed the reaction of Haber-weiss and Fenton to produce more superoxide anion. In addition, purified plasma membrane was isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning from wheat seedling leaves. The reduction rate of Fe（CN）6^3- by purified plasma membrane in La^3＋ -treated wheat seedling leaves is different from those in the absence of La^3＋ under water stress. The changing trend of the redox activity to La^3＋ is similar to that of the content of Fe^2＋ . The results reveal that extraneous La^3＋ can alleviate the damages of cell membrane caused by water stress via promoting the activity of redox system and the ability of eliminating ROS in wheat seedling leaves.

开挖前抽水条件下基坑围挡两侧非极限土压力计算模型

基坑开挖前的坑内抽水可引起围挡发生厘米级的侧移,但现行基坑设计理论仅提出了基于弹性支点法的土方开挖诱发围挡受力变形的计算方法,却并未提出如何计算基坑开挖前抽水引起的围挡侧移。若要沿用弹性支点法进行抽水侧移的计算,则如何确定抽水过程中围挡两侧土压力分布成为关键。为了提出基坑开挖前抽水条件下围挡两侧土压力的计算模型,首先提出了基坑开挖前抽水过程中围挡两侧土体受扰动区形态与范围;然后探明了扰动区内土体应变分布规律并提出土体应变分布模式;进一步地,建立了土体应变与围挡侧移的数学方程,并结合土体应力−应变方程最终构建了开挖前抽水条件下考虑基坑围挡侧移影响的土压力计算模型。所提出的土压力模型能够反映基坑开挖前抽水过程中围挡侧移对土压力的非线性影响,公式形式简单,参数取值方便,可为后续预测抽水引起的基坑围挡侧移提供重要基础。

钢板混凝土组合地下群罐罐壁受力性能分析

为探究钢板-混凝土组合地下群罐罐壁在施工回填过程中的受力性能,本研究对某实际地下群罐工程开展了现场试验,分析群罐罐壁在填土过程中外侧土压力以及环向和竖向钢筋的应力变化规律。结果表明:在土压力作用下,罐壁整体呈受压状态,环向及竖向应力最大值皆位于罐壁中部位置;罐壁竖筋应力均大于环筋应力,且最大应力约是环筋最大应力的1.5~2倍;土压力实测值分别是理论计算得到的被动土压力、静止土压力和主动土压力的0.49倍、2.01倍和6.32倍,为保证地下群罐结构受力的安全性,建议采用被动土压力作为设计用土压力。

Measurement and study of the distributing law of in-situ stresses in rock mass at great depth

To solve the technical cruxes of the conventional system in deep rock mass, an automatic testing system for hydraulic fracturing that includes a single tube for hydraulic loop, a pressure-relief valve, central-tubeless packers, and a multichannel real-time data acquisition system was used for in-situ stresses measurement at great depths （over 1000 m） in a coalfield in Juye of Northern China. The values and orientations of horizontal principal stresses were determined by the new system. The virgin stress field and its distributing law were decided by the linear regression from the logged 37 points in seven boreholes. Besides, the typical boreholes arranged in both the adjacent zone and far away zone of the faults were analyzed, respectively. The results show that a stress concentration phenomenon and a deflection in the orientation of the maximal horizontal stress exist in the adjacent zone of the faults, which further provides theoretical basis for design and optimization of mining.

郯庐断裂转换段新沂地裂缝成生机理及构造意义

新沂地区处于郯庐断裂带转换段的关键部位,自20世纪70年代以来在新沂地区共发现地裂缝灾害点28处。这些地裂缝以群发的形式发育在南马陵山以西、沂河—骆马湖以东的区域内,地裂灾害影响区面积达100 km^(2)。新沂地裂缝与地层结构、地震活动、地下水开采等因素有着千丝万缕的联系,对其研究形成了多种观点。利用实地调查与勘探手段,新近查明了新沂地裂缝的基本特征,它们具有走向一致性、纵向尖灭性、局部群发性等特点,且与邻近断裂(郯庐断裂带次级断裂F3)具有高度一致性,属于区域构造控制型地裂缝。以新沂地区地质构造为原型,构建了逆断层作用下地裂缝成生物理试验模型。试验结果表明,随着逆断层断距加大而依次呈剪裂段、离层段、弯裂段等发展过程。结合新沂地区“地堑地垒地堑”组合结构,新沂地裂缝的成因机制可概括为“跷跷板”构造模型,在构造应力、自重应力、地下水波动等作用下,下沉段受挤压,上升段因抬升而弯裂,从而形成地裂缝。研究新沂地区地裂缝,对揭示郯庐断裂带“北中南”段构造变化和“深浅表”部结构联系具有重要的指示意义。

套孔应力解除法在老营盘隧道洞身段的应用

依托老营盘隧道工程,本文采用应力解除法对隧道洞身段Z1K17+880处进行现场地应力测试。由测孔内的原岩应变,利用岩石的本构关系来间接计算原岩应力,同时将取出的岩芯制成标准试件,进行室内试验以获取原岩的力学参数。计算结果表明,最大主应力大小为27.44MPa,倾角-16.56°,方位角192.60°,测点岩石抗压强度与隧道洞身最大主应力之比为0.24。测试结果表明隧道测点处属于极高地应力状态,隧道在施工过程中可能会出现软岩大变形。

考虑筑坝过程影响下的土石坝应力变形分析

应力变形分析一直是土石坝设计和施工中不可或缺的分析依据。文章以王家堡水库为研究对象,运用有限单元法深入分析了土石坝的分层施工过程及蓄水后的应力分布和变形特征,旨在探究土石坝在筑坝过程中的应力应变特性。计算结果表明,在建模过程中,考虑筑坝过程可使模型分析结果更贴近实际的土石坝应力变形状态,为类似工程安全提供参考。

Effect of La^(3+)on Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wheat Seedlings under Mercury Stress

The effects of La(NO 3) 3 on the growth,activities of SOD,CAT and MDA content in shoots and roots of wheat seedlings under mercury stress were evaluated by the nutrient solution culture experiment. The results suggest that there is positive effect of La(NO 3) 3 on enhancing the activities of SOD,CAT,decrease of MDA content in shoots and roots of wheat seedlings during 0～5 d. But La(NO 3) 3 evens and cooperates with mercury when plants are too long under mercury stress. Mercury inhibits the growth of wheat seedlings more grievously.

Effects of La^(3+) on ATPase Activities of Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Casuarina Equisetifolia Seedlings under Acid Rain Stress

The effects of La^(3+) on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane(PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5) stress were studied. The results show that the height, length of roots, fresh weight and PM H^+-ATPase activites of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings increase by the treatments of soaking seeds in LaCl_3 solutions with lower concentrations, and those can reach their peak values by treating with 200 mg·L^(-1) La^(3+). However, in comparison with the CK, those are inhibited by the higher La^(3+) concentrations; PM Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity is inhibited with the treatments of La^(3+). The results also reveal that the H^+-ATPase activity and the growth of cell enlarge have a remarkable positive correlation, and La^(3+) activating H^+-ATPase can facilitate plant growth. La^(3+) also can alleviate cytosolic acidification of plant under acid rain stress and indirectly maintain the stability of intracellular environment. In order to resistant to acid rain and accelerate the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia, the suitable range of La^(3+) concentrations to soak seeds for 8 h is 50～200 mg·L^(-1).

Effects of Lanthanum on Redox Systems in Plasma Membranes of Casuarina equisetifolia Seedlings Under Acid Rain Stress

The effects of lanthanum on some redox system(PMRS) properties of the plasma membrane(PM) vesicles from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5)stress were studied. The results show that there are NADH oxidase and EDTA Fe 3+ reductase, and nitrate reductase in the seedling PM, and they have different responses to soaking seeds for 8 h in a series of LaCl 3 solution. The NADH oxidase activities and the Nitrate reductase activities can be stimulated when La 3+ concentrations is in the range of 50～200 mg·L -1 , but their activities are inhibited or fluctuate by the higher La 3+ concentrations. The EDTA Fe 3+ reductase activities can be stimulated by La 3+ concentrations in the range of 50～400 mg·L -1 . The research also revealed that La 3+ reduces the relative permeability of membranes and have the function in protecting membranes under acid rain stress by the way of inhibiting the leakage of electrolyte.

基于碾压应力的土石坝料压实质量控制方法

坝料压实质量是土石坝施工质量控制的关键内容。在长河坝填筑现场进行碾压应力测试,建立土应力与坝料干密度关系模型,得出对应压实密度标准的土应力控制值;构建Midas三维有限元分析模型,模拟坝料碾压过程中的应力动态变化,根据土应力控制值来判断坝料压实质量。研究结果表明:坝料土应力与干密度之间存在较强的线性关系,其线性模型平均决定系数为0.9;对应坝料干密度控制标准,反滤料1上层、中层、下层土体的应力控制值分别为1.465、1.064、0.773 MPa,反滤料3上层、中层、下层的土体应力控制值分别为0.926、0.774、0.664 MPa;运用构建的Midas模型实时监测碾压应力变化,可知反滤料1和反滤料3分别在振碾6遍和8遍后整体达到压实密度标准。

Nitric Oxide Alleviates Oxidative Stress Caused by Lanthanum in Rice Leaves

The effect of NO on lanthanum-induced antioxidant activities in rice was evaluated. The results showed that the uptake and translocation of La from root to shoot were obviously inhibited by 10μmol·L^-1 sodium nitropmsside （SNP）, a donor of NO, in the seedlings grown in Mura B nutrient solution with 100μmol·L^-1 La. Although the content of ascorbate acid （AsA） were scarcely affected by La or NO in our experiment, La decreased significantly the activity of SOD and content of GSH, while promoted H202 content in leaves. Furthermore, NO blocked these La effects. Taken together, the results suggested that NO relieved La toxicity in rice. A possible role for NO effects on antioxidant activity was discussed.

Study of Triggering Action Between the Mani (M_S7.9) and the West Kunlun Mountains Pass (M_S8.1) Great Earthquakes and Their Dynamic Background

Based on Coulomb static stress variation, the stress trigging action of the Mani ( M S 7 9, Nov. 1997) earthquake on the West Kunlun Mountains Pass ( M S 8 1, Nov. 2001) earthquake is researched. Results of different source mechanism resolutions show that a 10 -3 MPa Coulomb stress due to the Mani earthquake was added to the fracture fault of the Kunlun earthquake, and this may shift the broken date to about 10 years earlier, and infer that the stress level in the crust is not low. Comparing the relationship between strong earthquake strength and frequency and earth rotation change, it is shown that the strength’s decrease and the variation period’s shortening of earth rotation are important controlling factors on strong earthquake activity. This great event with M S =8 1 took place probably due to a gradual strengthening background of regional stress field within the Qinghai_Xizang block in the period of acceleration of change of day’s length and stress triggering from the Mani earthquake.

Hot deformation behavior of rare earth magnesium alloy without pre-homogenization treatment

The behavior and structure evolvement of as-cast Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr magnesium alloy during the hot deformation process were discussed.The flow stress behavior of magnesium alloy over the strain rate range of 0.002-1 s^(-1) and the temperature range of 573-723 K was researched on Gleeble-1500D hot simulator under the maximum deformation degree of 60%.The experimental results show that the relationship between stress and strain is obviously affected by the strain rate and deformation temperature.The important softening mechanisms are eutectic melting and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX) during deformation.The fragments of eutectic melting along the boundaries can turn round so as to take effect of the slippage between grains.The flow stress of Mg-7Gd-5Y-1.2Nd-Zr magnesium alloy during high temperature deformation can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic Arrhenius-type equation.The strain coefficient n and deformation activation energy Q are evaluated by linear regression analysis.A,αand n in the analytical expressions ofσare fitted to be 2.401 93×10^(15),0.017 3 MPa^(-1) and 3.218 19, respectively.The hot deformation activation energy of alloy during hot deformation is 234.950 58 kJ/mol.The results also show that the structure of primitive microstructure has an effect on the plastic deformation.

Resistance of LaCl_3 to Oxidative Stress Induced by 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy

Cucumber seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of LaCl_3 for 3 d continuously. After 7 d of this treatment, the plants were treated with 1200 mg·L^(-1) 2,4-dichlorophennoxy(2,4-D) for 24 h. The leaves were harvested and rinsed with 5 mmol·L^(-1) EDTA. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein and metabolites related to oxidative stress and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves were assayed. The results show that the treatment with appropriate concentration of LaCl_3 has resistant effect on oxidative stress induced by 2, 4-D. Proper concentration of LaCl_3 promotes the activity of antioxidant system in plants and alleviates the damage caused by 2, 4-D.