Study on intermediate focus earthquake belt in Hindukush-Pamirs

According to the feature of Hindukush-Pamirs intermediate focus earthquake belt with a S-shaped pattern of dip direction reversion by using the data of earthquake catalogues obtained by seismic networks in Xinjiang and Mid-Asia area of the former Soviet Union, by means of focal mechanism solution and tectonic stress analysis, it is considered that the intermediate focus earthquake belt is possibly formed by the compression rupture which is caused by the collision between Indian and European Plates in the lithosphere of the upper mantle. Under the action of torsion moment, the continuous torsional break of reverse part of the earthquake belt might be the reason why the intermediate focus strong earthquakes occur repeatedly in the same place. In this paper, the boundary line between the intermediate focus earthquake belt and the shallow focus earthquake region of the western part of south Tianshan is also defined from the angle of seismicity division.

The Identification of Large-Giant Bedrock Landslides Triggered by Earthquake in the Longmenshan Tectonic Belt

The identification of large-giant bedrock landslides triggered by earthquake aims to the landslide prevention and control. Previous studies have described the basic characteristics, distribution, and the formation mechanism of seismic landslides （Bijan Khazai et al., 2003; Chong Xu et al., 2013; Lewis a. Owen et al., 2008; Randall W. Jibson et al., 2006）. However, few researches have focused on the early identification indicators of large-giant bedrock landslides triggered by earthquake （David k. Keefer., 1984; Janusz Wasowski et al., 2011; Alexander L.Strom., 2009; Patrick Meunier et al., 2008; Shahriar Vahdani et al., 2002; Bijan Khazai et al., 2003）. This paper presents the identification indicators of large-giant bedrock landslides triggered by earthquake in the Longmenshan tectonic belt on the basic of their characteristics, distribution and the relationship between seismic landslides and the peak ground motion acceleration.

Geographical distribution of hypocentral depths of Chinese earthquakes

The hypocentral depths of more than 200 Chinese earthquakes, of magnitudes from M 8.6 to M 3.0, are calculated from macroseismic data carried on earthquake catalogs, by using the formula for macroseismic hypocentral depths and the formula for general solution of macroseismic hypocentral depths. The results are plotted on maps to show their geographical distribution. It can be seen that most Chinese earthquakes are shollow ones. Of the 200 earthquakes calculated, 162(81.0%) hypocenters are shallower than 9 km, of which 111 (55.5%) hypocenters are shallower than 5 km. Such shallow earthquakes are mostly distributed in the provinces near to the North South Earthquake Belt, while the rest are scattered in the other provinces(except Zhejiang province). Earthquakes of medium(between 10 and 20 km) depth are relatively few (32 in number, 15.0%); they are distributed along the North South Earthquake Belt, and the western part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and in provinces Shaanxi, Shanxi and Shandong (along the Tanlu Fracture Zone, crossing the sea to northeast China). Deep earthquakes are rare, being scattered in south Yunnan and the east end of Inner Mongolia Uygur Autonomous Region.

The North-South Seismic Belt： Vertical Deformation Velocity Gradient Research

The vertical deformation gradient can reflect the rate of vertical change in unit distance,and the vertical deformation velocity gradient can reflect the strength of the earth's crust tectonic activities. In this paper,using long period leveling data combined with GPS data,the vertical deformation gradient values are calculated. Leveling data and GPS data are two different means of monitoring deformation,but the result is approximately the same vertical deformation gradient. The results show that the spatial distribution of the vertical deformation velocity gradient and tectonic distribution has an obvious correlation. The most significant gradient anomalies along the North-South Seismic Belt are Xianshuihe fault, Longmenshan fault and Xiaojiang-Zemuhe fault, while the second gradient anomalies in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are Zhuanglanghe fault and Lenglongling fault. The Menyuan M_S6. 4 earthquake in 2016 occurred in this abnormal area. However,according to the vertical deformation high gradient area distribution,there is also the possibility of an earthquake occurrence in the Tianzhu and Jingtai area.The area of convergence of three major fault zones is the strongest tectonically active region of the North-South Seismic Belt.

The HEPD particle detector of the CSES satellite mission for investigating seismo-associated perturbations of the Van Allen belts

CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise,as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with highenergy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector(HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3–100 Me V, protons of 30–200 Me V and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2^(nd), 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center(China).