The Kiloton Class Jiaojia Gold Deposit in Eastern Shandong Province and Its Genesis

The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large gold deposit.This deposit covers an area of ～40 km2,and shows a structural control by the Jiaojia fault and its secondary faults.Gold orebodies generally occur along the same mineralization-alteration belt,and the main orebodies intersect with each other or exhibit a parallel or overlapping distribution.This deposit＇s reserves are estimated to be 1,200t of gold,being the first gold deposit of more than 1000t gold reserves in China.The No.Ⅰ-1 orebody in the Shaling-deep Sizhuang ore blocks holds gold reserves greater than 350 t,or 29 percent of the total reserves,followed by the No.Ⅰ orebody in Matang-Jiaojia ore blocks with exceeding 150t gold reserves.This deposit mainly occurs in the footwall of the Jiaojia fault,and presents zoned patterns in mineralization,alteration and structures.The strongly mineralized zones agree with strongly altered and tectonically fractured zones.These orebodies display strataform-like,veinlike or lenticular shapes,and generally show characteristics of pinching out and reappearing,branching and converging,expanding and shrinking.The orebodies commonly occur along positions where the fault strike changes and in gentle locations with dips changing from steep to gentle.The main orebodies are parallel to the main plane of the orecontrolling fault,and tend to be gentle from the surface to the deep.The orebodies mainly plunge to the southwest,with plunge angle of 45°-606° Orebodies near the main plane of the ore-controlling fault have more gold resource than those away from main fault zone.The slant depth of orebodies is generally larger than the length along its strike direction; orebodies become thick and gold grades become low from the shallow area to the deep area.Ore-forming fluids are H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 type with medium-temperature and moderate to low salinity.Sulfur isotopic values （δ34SCDT） for gold ores range between 11.08‰ and 12.58‰,indicating mixed sulfur sources; hydrogen isotopic values （δDVSMOW） range from-83.68‰ to-116.95‰ and oxygen isotopic values （δ18OV-SMOW） range between 12.04‰ and 16.28‰.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluids originated from primary magma,and mixing with a large amount of atmospheric water during the late stage.The Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits are associated with magmatic activities which have mantle crust-mixed source,and also share some similarities with orgenic and epithermal hydrothermal golddeposits.Because Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits with unique metailogenic features and formation setting which are different from other gold deposit types in the world,we call it the Jiaojiatype gold deposits.The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit is related to fluid activities,extension and detachment resulted from thermal upweiling of magmas.The strong magmatic activities in the middle to late stage of early Cretaceous in Eastern Shandong Province lead to active fluids,and provided abundant ore-forming materials for gold depsoits.Moreover,many extensional structures resulting from crustal extension provided favourable space for orebody positioning.

U-Pb Zircon Age, Geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Age and Origin of Mafic Dykes from Eastern Shandong Province, Eastern China

U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples from the investigated mafic dykes yield consistent ages ranging from 121.9 Ma ± 0.47 Ma to 122.9 Ma ± 0.61 Ma. The mafic dykes are characterized by high （87Sr/86Sr） i ranging from 0.7087 to 0.7089, low εNd（t） values ranging from -16.9 to -17.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.15 to 17.17, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45 to 15.47, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.59 to 37.68. Results from the current study suggest that the mafic dykes are derived from partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle that was variably hybridized by melts derived from foundered lower crustal eclogite. The mafic dykes may have been generated through subsequent insignificant crystal fractionation and very minor crustal contamination during magma ascent. Combined with previous studies, the current findings provide new evidence that the intense lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern Shandong Province of eastern China occurred at ~120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal of the lower lithosphere （mantle and lower crust）.

The Sm-Nd Geochronology of the High Pressure Basic Granulite in Laixi, Eastern Shandong

A high pressure basic granulite ultramafic rock belt, which is about 200km long and trends toward NE, occurs in the late Archaean orthogneiss in Laixi Laiyang Qixia area, eastern Shangdong. This belt is located east to the Su Lu UHPM terrane and west to the Archaean rocks of the North China craton, therefore, its geological situation and implication for collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate is very important. The analyzed sample of high pressure basic granulite has decreasing pressure metamorphic texture. The mineral assemblage of retrograde metamorphism is of granulite facies. The sample yields an internal mineral whole rock Sm Nd isochron age of 1725Ma. The T(DM) age of whole rock is 2788Ma. These data are very similar to those of high pressure basic granulites in Northern China craton. Considering the petrological and geochemical characteristics and isotopic ages, the high pressure granulite ultramafic rock belt in eastern Shandong is suggested to belong to the North China craton and to be of the early Precambrian lower crust. Their lifting from the lower crustal level is related to collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate.

Dinosaur diversity during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous in eastern Shandong Province,China:Evidence from dinosaur eggshells

The record of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group in eastern Shandong Province,China shows that the dinosaur species represented by elongatoolithids were present from the middle to the late Late Cretaceous,whereas those represented by the dictyoolithids and spheroolithids became extinct in the middle Late Cretaceous and the new species represented by ovaloolithids appeared in the late Late Cretaceous.Estimated eggshell conductance of water vapor is over 4 to over 115 times higher in spheroolithids and the dictyoolithids than in elongatoolithids and ovaloolithids,indicating that eggs of the first two oofamilies required higher humidity during incubation.Based on the18O record as preserved in eggshell,a change from relatively humid to relatively dry climatic conditions can be assumed to have taken place during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous.It is reasonable to suggest that the change in climate was the cause of the dinosaur diversity.

K-Ar Geochronology of Mesozoic Mafic Dikes in Shandong Province, Eastern China: Implications for Crustal Extension

Based on K-Ar isotope analyses, Mesozoic mafic (and alkali ultramafic) dikes from western and eastern Shandong Province, China, are dated at 88.2±1.70 Ma to 169.5±3.7 Ma with the majority of ages ranging from 90 Ma to 140 Ma. The emplacement of the dikes suggests a major Yanshanian (Cretaceous) crustal extension in Shandong province. Together with other available age data, this study suggests four periods of crustal extension at about 80 Ma, 100 Ma, 120 Ma and 140 Ma, respectively. Besides the effect of collapse of the Yanshanian orogenic belt on the emplacement of the mafic dikes in Shandong in the Cretaceous, the mantle plume and the extensive left-lateral advection and extension of the Tanlu fault also have controlled the crustal extension and the emplacement of the mafic dikes in eastern Shandong and western Shandong, respectively.

胶东盘子涧金矿床成矿流体特征--来自包裹体、H-O同位素证据

盘子涧金矿床地处华北板块胶辽隆起区,栖霞—蓬莱金成矿带上。金矿的形成主要与区内控矿断裂——盘子涧断裂和中生代岩浆岩有关。为研究该矿床成矿流体性质及演化,并控讨矿床成因,对该矿床不同阶段的包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温、包裹体激光拉曼及H—O同位素分析研究。盘子涧金矿床成矿热液期可划分为4个成矿阶段,从早到晚分别是黄铁矿—石英阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英—黄铁矿(绢云母)阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、金—石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ阶段)和石英—碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。其中Ⅱ、III阶段为主成矿阶段。不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体有3种类型,分别是富液气液两相盐水包裹体、含CO_(2)三相包裹体和纯液相包裹体。显微测温结果显示,成矿流体的完全均一温度介于142~348℃,主要集中于200~300℃,盐度介于4.44%~10.98%NaCl_(eqv)。石英的δD_(V-SMOW)值为-74.6‰~-68.5‰,δ^(18)O_(V-SMOW)值为+11.65‰~+13.92‰。显示成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的CO_(2)—H_(2)O—NaCl体系,来源于地幔,以岩浆热液为主,并伴有部分大气降水加入。矿床成因类型属石英脉型金矿。

胶西北金矿控矿断裂深部特征及对找矿的启示——来自地球物理探测的证据

[研究目的]胶东是全球著名的金成矿区,金矿床主要受断裂构造控制,该区尚有很多断裂是无矿的,以往对断裂的深部形态及赋矿断裂与无矿断裂的区别特征缺乏深入研究。[研究方法]本文通过在胶东西北部实施重、磁、电长剖面和穿越主要金矿集区的广域电磁剖面、反射地震剖面,揭示了断裂深部特征,为赋矿断裂和无矿断裂的识别提供了重要证据。[研究结果]地球物理探测表明,胶西北地区的断裂构造有陡倾角的深断裂、缓倾角的铲式断裂和陡倾角的小断裂,其中控矿的三山岛、焦家和招平断裂均是铲式断裂。结合对金矿床的研究发现,矿床主要赋存于缓倾角断裂中,矿体呈阶梯分布特征,陡倾角的深断裂中未见明显的金矿化蚀变,现今金矿床赋存的最大深度在5 km左右。[结论]综合分析认为,低角度拆离断层和连续性不好的高角度小断层有较好的物理圈闭条件,有利于矿化富集;而产状平直、陡倾的深断裂不具备物理圈闭的条件,不利于成矿。胶东型金矿的找矿方向应集中于缓倾角的铲式断裂及其派生、伴生的陡倾角小断裂附近。

基于环境行为心理学的鲁东沿海旅游乡村评价

针对我国大部分乡村旅游的游客稀少、后续环境管理维护差及同质性严重等多重问题,基于在环境行为心理学的基础,结合鲁东沿海地区文化元素,采用层次分析法从环境感知、心理感知和行为感知三个方面构建鲁东沿海旅游乡村POE评价指标体系,从17个指标层对山东省五个省级以上沿海旅游示范村进行评价。评价结果揭示了各村在环境感知要素、心理感知要素和行为感知要素三个方面的优势及不足。对于不足之处提出,提升沿海乡村综合环境、关注游客心理感受和注重沿海乡村资源整合等优化策略。

Genesis and Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Qixia Gold Deposit, Shandong, China

The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the deposit is rich in iron, but poor in manganese, showing that this mineral crystallized from hydrothermal solution at low temperature. The temperatures at the main metallogenic stage of the Qixia gold deposit are Within the range of 160 -270t. The gaseous phases in fluid inclusions are dominated by H2O and CO2, while Na+,Ca2+ and Cl- are the major species in the fluid phase with K+ and F- present in relativelysmall amounts. The salinities of fluids are 4. 2 wt% - 8. 0 wt% NaCl equiv. Meanwhile, thefluid is characterized by either Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ (in five samples) or Na+ > Ca2 + > K+ (in twosamples), quite similar to the composition of ore-forming fluid derived from meteoric water.Primary data on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluid fallwithin a wide range: δ%H2o = - 56‰-95‰ and δ18OH2O=- 3.6‰-4. 5‰ relative toSMOW. These isotopic values fully reflect the distribution features of meteoric water which hasexchanged with the metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Group at different temperatures and W/R ratios, and the metallogenic process is characterized by low W/R ratios. The Rb-Sr isochronage of the Qixia gold deposit is 125. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma, with (87Sr/86Sr) being 0. 7168, and the timeinterval between the gold deposit and its country rocks (granite or metamoprhic rocks) is verylarge. The formation Of the Qiaxia gold deposit is directly related to the evolution of geologicalhistory in eastern Shandong, and a genetic model in which the deep convective circulating meteoric water reacts with the country rocks can be used to explain the metallogenic mechanism ofthe deposit.

鲁西豫东地区奥陶纪岩相古地理特征及其演化

鲁西豫东地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层是重要的石油和地下热水储集层。受限于基础地质资料,前人对鲁西豫东地区奥陶系层序划分存在争议,缺少对岩相古地理演化的精细刻画。为明确奥陶系层序地层特征与各期岩相古地理演化特征,通过对鲁西豫东地区周缘野外地质剖面考察、19口井岩心观察以及测井曲线特征分析,在层序地层格架内,对奥陶纪岩相古地理展布及其演化特征进行了研究。结果表明,根据层序界面类型和最大海泛面发育位置,研究区奥陶系可划分为SSQ1-SSQ2共2个二级层序和SQ1-SQ4共4个三级层序;沉积相类型为海相碳酸盐岩台地,包括局限台地、开阔台地和蒸发台地3种亚相,并进一步细分为灰坪、颗粒滩、泥灰坪、灰-云坪、云坪、潟湖、含膏云坪和膏云坪8种沉积微相;岩相古地理单元整体表现出陆表海的沉积建造特征,各期旋回性沉积为储集层叠置发育奠定了物质基础,云坪、膏云坪、含膏云坪、颗粒滩微相易于形成有利储集空间,是区域地热资源勘探开发的重点领域。

基于AHP和信息量模型的地质灾害易发性评价--以鲁东片区为例

以鲁东片区为研究区,采用GIS平台提取高程、坡度、坡向信息,并结合地质构造、岩性、降水量、灾害点密度、水系和道路分布特征,运用信息量模型和层次分析法进行地质灾害易发性分区。研究结果将研究区划分为四个易发性分区,分别占研究区面积的42.79%、23.50%、16.53%、17.18%。通过受试者工作曲线检验,本次评价正确率为81.89%,结果良好,可为山东地区地质灾害隐患点排查工作提供科学依据。

鲁西豫东地区奥陶系岩溶热储形成演化及主控因素分析

鲁西豫东地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩中赋存丰富的地热资源,但研究区内的热储特征及其主控因素仍不明确。综合露头、岩心、薄片、测录井等地质与地球物理资料,对奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶热储特征、演化过程及地热田的形成进行了深入研究。结果表明,研究区奥陶系主要储集岩性为颗粒灰岩、角砾灰岩、灰质白云岩、晶粒白云岩及硅质灰岩。凸起区残厚约500~1000 m,孔隙度均值为2.76%,凹陷区残厚约0~500 m,均值为2.22%,凸起区相较于凹陷区,残厚相对大,孔渗相对较大;受兰聊断裂影响较为明显,“凹凸”呈环状分布;岩溶热储经历了胶结、白云化、压实、压溶、溶蚀、充填、重结晶及构造破裂等成岩作用综合改造;岩溶热储主要经历了早成岩期增孔(早—中奥陶世)、表生成岩期增孔(晚奥陶世—早石炭世)、中—晚埋藏期减孔(晚石炭世—早三叠世)、表生成岩期增孔(中新生代,主要发育于菏泽凸起区)4个阶段。岩性岩相、成岩作用以及构造应力控制着研究区奥陶系岩溶热储的形成演化,综合研究区地热的源—储—盖基础条件分析,明晰了研究区奥陶系岩溶热储流体循环特征,预测了地热资源量。

岩浆岩与变质岩分布区蓄水构造模式浅析——以胶东地区为例

胶东地区地层岩性多为岩浆岩和变质岩,富水性差异大,整体为缺水区。伴随着社会经济发展,人民对美好生活的需求不断提升,优质、稳定的地下饮用水也成为胶东人民的重要民生问题之一。笔者等通过大比例尺水文地质调查成果总结和已有研究成果分析,结合地下水勘查案例,从水文、地形地貌、含水层岩性和地质构造4个方面,对岩浆岩地区的地下水富集机理进行分析,提出了断裂型、接触带型、岩脉型、洼地风化带型和多期变质作用形成的5种蓄水构造模式,并对各类蓄水构造特征进行了分析,同时总结了风化裂隙水、构造裂隙水和岩溶裂隙水3类岩浆岩、变质岩分布区裂隙水的找水方向,进一步丰富了岩浆岩与变质岩缺水地区蓄水构造模式研究,对该地区地下水资源探寻具有一定的指导作用。

山东东区方言知庄章二分的音值及其与精组声母的关系

山东东区方言中古知庄章三组声母二分,其类型已有概括,但其音值问题尚待进一步澄清。根据近年来的调查,可以得出如下主要结论:1)知三章组声母读舌叶音者占东区的大多数,但不同地点的舌叶音实际上具有不同音色,应该分为三种:与■组相近的■类,与■组相近的■类,与■都不相近的■类。2)潍坊等地的■声母是舌尖背部(下舌叶)构成阻碍而发出的音。3)县城点知三章组读?组的类型可以取消,但不排除非县城点有此类型。4)知三章组声母是否拼细音韵母与舌叶音的类型有关。5)精组洪音读齿间音的现象与知三章组读■类共现,应系受后者推挤而形成。6)有些方言如栖霞、烟台等地知三章组与精组细音同读舌叶音或同读舌面前音,这种现象在100多年前已经见于美国传教士对蓬莱和烟台方音的记录。总之,对知庄章组声母音值的细致分析既有利于准确描写语言事实,也有利于解释共时的音类分布,同时也为研究古知庄章组、精组等声母的演变提供了更多线索。

金代益都府官员的选任及其治理

作为金代山东东路的地方最高行政长官,益都府官员的活动对于当地的发展至关重要。从金代益都府官员的任职情况来看,以世宗、章宗和宣宗三朝所选任的官员人数为多。金代益都府官员的籍贯所属区域,主要分布于齐鲁地区和燕云地区,尤以山东东路居多。金代益都府官员的入仕途径大致可分为六种:恩荫、科举进士、军功、世袭、出职、归降。对金代益都府职官的选任及其活动进行整体考察,可以窥探金代益都府地区的政治治理情况。

鲁东塔埠头稀土矿成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

塔埠头稀土矿是山东省内一处典型的伟晶岩型稀土矿,其成矿与区内构造和燕山晚期笔架山单元伟晶不等粒花岗岩关系密切。塔埠头稀土矿区成矿地质条件较好,放射性异常突出,圈定航放异常10个,地面放射性综合异常4个;并圈定有La、Y、Th、Yb、Zr、Nb、Be等元素地球化学异常和钍石等重砂异常。塔埠头稀土矿发现矿体7个,矿体呈脉状,赋存在花岗伟晶岩带中,稀土矿物主要为褐帘石和氟碳铈镧矿,其次有锆石、榍石和钍石等。脉石矿物有斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母等。矿石中稀土元素以轻稀土Ce、La、Nd、Pr、Sm等元素为主,重稀土元素含量很少,因此本稀土矿为轻稀土矿。矿石为中粗粒-伟晶结构,块状构造。矿石工业类型为伟晶岩型。矿石自然类型可分为五大类7个矿石类型;矿石中稀土元素以氧化物状态存在。该稀土矿找矿标志明显,找矿前景较好。

雷登柏(Cupressus leighton Green)在胶东地区引种的生态适应性评价

以胶东地区引进树种雷登柏为研究对象,运用层次分析法构建以生长适应性、抗逆性、观赏性为主要指标的评价体系,对雷登柏进行生态适应性综合评价,以期为雷登柏在胶东地区的引种栽培和开发利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明:雷登柏的苗木保存率、年均树高生长量、年均地径生长量、年均冠幅生长量均显著高于本地同科乡土树种侧柏;苗木保存率、年均树高生长量、年均地径生长量均显著高于本地乡土树种黑松;抗涝性显著优于侧柏,抗病虫害能力显著优于黑松;雷登柏四季常绿,冠形优美,分枝匀称,观赏价值较高;雷登柏生态适应性综合评价指数为0.9632,生态适应性强,适宜在胶东地区荒山造林及园林景观绿化中推广应用。

地幔流体参与胶东金矿成矿作用的氢氧碳硫同位素证据

胶东地区金矿床可以分为三种类型,即石英脉型、破碎蚀变岩型和胶(州)—莱(阳)盆地北缘拆离带中的角砾岩型。挑选玲珑、焦家、三山岛、仓上、望儿山、大尹格庄、邓格庄、蓬家夼、发云夼和大庄子10个矿床中成矿主期的黄铁矿、绢云母和钾长石进行了硫、氢、氧同位素测试,还对个别矿床成矿晚期的碳酸盐矿物进行了碳、氧同位素测定,同时对比测定了玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗闪长岩中黑云母和钾长石的氢、氧同位素,结果表明这些金矿虽然产出形式有差别,但都是同一深部流体库中流体上涌、与围岩发生强烈水岩反应和与地壳流体混合,通过交代和沉淀成矿。胶东金矿在形成时代上晚于侏罗纪玲珑花岗岩(160～150Ma)和白垩纪郭家岭花岗闪长岩(130～126Ma),与煌斑岩墙及其他中基性岩墙同时生成(121～114Ma),两者具有富CO2流体和伴随着以钾交代为特征的蚀变作用,都是中生代岩石圈快速减薄过程的地壳浅部响应。

含柯石英锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb定年:胶东印支期超高压变质作用的证据

苏鲁超高压变质带的形成时代究竟是印支期还是新元古代争议始终很大。对山东胶南地区超高压变质带中超镁铁岩和榴辉岩的锆石激光拉曼、阴极发光和离子探针原位定年的研究获得超高压变质作用发生的时代为印支期。其中超镁铁岩含柯石英锆石的年龄为221±12Ma,该深成岩侵位时代为新元古代(581±44Ma)。此外,锆石中另有约400Ma年龄记录,可能代表岩石形成后另有一期热事件。榴辉岩的下交点年龄为228±29 Ma,与超镁铁岩含柯石英锆石年龄一致,代表超高压变质时代;上交点为中元古代(1821±19Ma),代表原岩年龄,后者与其片麻岩围岩时代相一致,说明榴辉岩是原位俯冲。

华北克拉通胶东地区粉子山群碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

胶东是华北克拉通重要的变质基底出露区之一。对该区古元古代粉子山群和荆山群中碎屑锆石的年龄分布特征的研究,可以为胶东地区早前寒武纪演化提供重要依据。由于Pb丢失作用,前人仅在粉子山群中获得少量锆石谐和年龄。本文对粉子山群长石石英片岩中碎屑锆石进行了SHRIMP定年。52颗锆石的61个数据点分析,获得36个谐和年龄（不谐和度〈10%）。所有具谐和年龄的锆石都具有高的Th/U比值,大多显示明显的岩浆环带,原为岩浆成因。谐和锆石年龄分布在2033～3429Ma之间,主要峰值分别为～2.19Ga和～2.48Ga。该样品中还含有2颗年龄大于3.3Ga的锆石,位于谐和线上的2颗最年轻碎屑锆石的年龄为～2.08Ga。结合前人研究,可得出如下结论：1）粉子山群和荆山群原岩沉积时代可进一步限制在1.9～2.1Ga之间;2）粉子山群与荆山群的碎屑锆石年龄分布形式存在明显区别,指示其源区可能不同;3）胶东地区可能存在古太古代地壳物质。