Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

Appraisal of typical rural development models during rapid urbanization in the eastern coastal region of China

The sustainability of regional rural development depends on the integrated status and the coordination between rural resources-environment conditions and rural socioeco- nomic development. In this paper a diagnostic indicator system is proposed to appraise four representative rural development models such as Mentougou model, Taicang model, Yueqing model and Qionghai model in the eastern coastal region of China from the integrated perspective of population, resources, environment, and development. In conclusion, the formation and evolution of these diverse rural deveJopment models are the direct response to the very different characteristics in the environment, market demand, and regional culture. These models are common in that their sustainability depends on the scientific guidance of the regional development functional positioning, strong intra-regional interactions, and self-adaptability to the external conditions.

Spatio-temporal Dynamic Patterns of Rural Area Development in Eastern Coastal China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of rural area development at the county level in the eastern coastal China. An evaluation index system including 18 factors was developed, and a rural development index (RDI) was constructed to evaluate rural development state in 2000, 2004, and 2008. The quantitative evaluation indicated the following results. 1) This study derived four dominating components by means of principal component analysis, which can explain 78.2% of the total information, namely agricultural production input, the basic condition of agriculture, the comparative effectiveness of grain production, and the household′s own basic conditions. 2) Since the turn of the new millennium, the rural area in the eastern coastal China has experienced a rapid development in general. Well developed, developed, moderately developed and undeveloped rural areas respectively occupied 29.32%, 22.33%, 21.91%, and 10.51% in 2008. 3) The countryside had maintained a sound momentum of developing trend between 2000 and 2008, while the rural development in the eastern coastal China lacked sustainability. And 4) industrialization, urbanization, original economic basis, and location are four major driving forces of the disparity of rural area development in the eastern coastal China. Given these results, the strategies and policies for the improvement of each rural group were put forward.

Evaluation of regional energy security in eastern coastal China based on the DPSIR model

The DPSIR assessment method, which implies the relationships among driving force （D）, pressure （P）, status （S）, impact （I）, and response （R）, is widely applied by scholars. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive assessment system for regional energy security in eastern coastal China based on the above model using different indicators. Factor analysis and the SPSS statistical analysis software were used to carry out scientific and quantitative assessments. The results indicated that con- tradictions of energy supply and demand as well as environmental pollution are the critical factors that present great challenges to regional energy security in this area. The authors argued that a sustainable, stable, and safe supply energy supply is crucial in solving the aforesaid dilemma, and improving the energy use efficiency is one of the best choices. Some countermeasures and suggestions regarding regional energy supply stability and utilization security were pointed out.

Regional diversity of peasant household response to new countryside construction based on field survey in eastern coastal China

To tackle the issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas,the central government of China initiated a new strategy called ＇new countryside construction＇ in 2005.For better understanding its actual effect,this paper analyzes the regional diversity of peasant household response to this new countryside construction strategy based on Kruskal-Wallis H test and sampling survey data from 586 households in the Bohai Rim Region （BRR）,Yangtze River Delta Region （YDR）,and Pan Pearl River Delta Region （PPR）.The result indicates that regional diversity in eastern coastal China （ECC） does exist in the form of recognized priority sequence,policy requirements,expected policy effects,and behavior response.As a result of the deviation between local policy practice and households＇ inherent demand,peasants fulfill their de facto demand via individual effort instead of government aid,and therefore the new countryside construction fails to carry out the expected target.It thus needs to shift the current policy priority,ensure the peasants＇ mainstay role,and formulate scientific ＇Rules for new countryside construction＇.

Monitoring Soil Salt Content Using HJ-1A Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Rudong County, Eastern China

Hyperspectral data are an important source for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale. However, in previous studies, barriers such as interference due to the presence of vegetation restricted the precision of mapping soil salt content. This study tested a new method for predicting soil salt content with improved precision by using Chinese hyperspectral data, Huan Jing-Hyper Spectral Imager(HJ-HSI), in the coastal area of Rudong County, Eastern China. The vegetation-covered area and coastal bare flat area were distinguished by using the normalized differential vegetation index at the band length of 705 nm(NDVI705). The soil salt content of each area was predicted by various algorithms. A Normal Soil Salt Content Response Index(NSSRI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance(CR-reflectance) at wavelengths of 908.95 nm and 687.41 nm to predict the soil salt content in the coastal bare flat area(NDVI705 < 0.2). The soil adjusted salinity index(SAVI) was applied to predict the soil salt content in the vegetation-covered area(NDVI705 ≥ 0.2). The results demonstrate that 1) the new method significantly improves the accuracy of soil salt content mapping(R2 = 0.6396, RMSE = 0.3591), and 2) HJ-HSI data can be used to map soil salt content precisely and are suitable for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale.

Modern sea level changes of the Eastern China Seas and their influences on coastal areas

The statistics of tidal gauging records showed that the mean sea level of the China Seas has risen for 14 cm in past 100 years. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas have been rising at a speed of about 0.21 -0.23 cm/a since 1960. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas in 1989 were 1.45 cm higher than that in 1988 on average.The sea level rise may cause the damage of the dynamical balance of the natural environments in the coastal area? and form or strengthen many coastal disasters, such as storm-tide catastrophic events, sea water invasion landward, soil salinization in coastal lowland and plains, and beach erosion retreat.

Monitoring Crustal Movement of the Coastal Zone in Eastern China with GPS Technique

In this paper, various dominating factors affecting crustal movement of the coastal zone in eastern China are analyzed, and major characteristics of crustal movement are summarized. Subduction of the pacific plate and Philippine plate and southeastward "escape" of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are believed to be dominating factors affecting crustal movement of that zone. Undoubtedly, it is a best way to monitor this kind of large-scale crustal movement with GPS technique. The feasibility of monitoring crustal m...

依嵌而融:东部沿海城市各民族交往交流交融的多维互嵌要素研究

东部沿海城市已成为各民族交往交流交融和全方位相互嵌入的重要场域。人口要素、空间互嵌、经济互嵌和文化互嵌构成了民族交往交流交融的社会基础、场域环境、物质条件和精神依归。以天津市为例,在人口基础要素方面,民族成份齐全多元,少数民族流动人口规模增长较快等,使得各民族社会交往的人口资源增量较为丰富。在空间互嵌环境方面,民族空间交往的场域环境存具区际分布结构、民族聚居结构和社区互嵌结构的差异性。在经济互嵌条件方面,民族就业领域存在集中化现象,各民族围绕职业领域和就业分布进行民族生产交往。在文化互嵌依归方面,通过各民族文化互嵌共生,强化中华文化认同与国家认同教育,增进了民族精神交往。要坚持“并重”思维,理性看待民族就业分布集中化现象,在把握客观规律的基础上建设民族互嵌式社区,顺势而为地推动东部沿海城市各民族广泛交往、全面交流和深度交融。

“安全—发展”同构视角下的城市系统韧性评价——以东部沿海地区省会城市为例

在现代化高速发展的时代,不确定性风险已成为城市系统运行中面临的常态。基于“安全—发展”同构视角,构建城市系统韧性框架与评价指标体系,运用熵权—灰色关联法对我国东部沿海地区省会城市的系统韧性水平进行综合测算,并根据演变趋势及特征进行评价。研究表明,我国东部沿海地区大部分省会城市的系统韧性水平在研究期内呈波动上升态势,各城市的子系统韧性水平分异明显,其中基础设施韧性和社会韧性是城市系统韧性水平差异的主导因素,当年实际使用外资、排水管道密度、专利授权数和交通货运总量是影响东部沿海地区省会城市系统韧性的主要指标。

基于环境行为心理学的鲁东沿海旅游乡村评价

针对我国大部分乡村旅游的游客稀少、后续环境管理维护差及同质性严重等多重问题,基于在环境行为心理学的基础,结合鲁东沿海地区文化元素,采用层次分析法从环境感知、心理感知和行为感知三个方面构建鲁东沿海旅游乡村POE评价指标体系,从17个指标层对山东省五个省级以上沿海旅游示范村进行评价。评价结果揭示了各村在环境感知要素、心理感知要素和行为感知要素三个方面的优势及不足。对于不足之处提出,提升沿海乡村综合环境、关注游客心理感受和注重沿海乡村资源整合等优化策略。

闽东沿海台风大风天气分布特征

基于2011-2020年中央气象台台风逐小时资料、沿海自动站观测资料,分析闽东沿海台风大风天气分布特征.结果表明:2011-2020年,闽东影响台风共有62个.其中,56个造成闽东沿海大风天气,年均5.6个.闽东沿海台风大风影响时段在6-11月,8月闽东沿海出现的台风大风天气过程最多,秋季影响台风均能造成闽东沿海大风天气.较其他月份,闽东沿海7月更常出现强烈的台风大风天气,近10年闽东沿海7月的台风大风过程中36%达到了12级及以上,其中18%达到14级及以上,两个等级的强风在7月占比均为各月份中最高,近10年闽东沿海台风大风历史极值也出现在7月.T1、T2、T3型闽东影响台风均造成闽东沿海台风大风天气,92.3%的T4型台风、86.7%的T5型台风也造成闽东沿海大风天气.T1、T2型台风造成的大风最强,阵风最高可达14级及以上,T3、T4、T5型台风大风强度则较弱.不同路径台风各区域极大风存在差异,但大多数情况下,同一纬度,越靠近开阔海面,大风影响程度越严重.台风大风极值多出现在海岛站点,而各地形区域临近开阔海面的站点极大风次之,也都达到较大的等级,临近大陆站点及海湾内部海岛站点风力等级往往最小.

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics: seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Eastern and southern coastal zones of Laizhou Bay are the most representative seawater intruded areas in the world, with two intrusion sources of contemporary seawater and paleobrine. In order to reveal the complicated hydrochemical changing process and the mechanism of fresh groundwater being polluted by saltwater, we conducted long-term observation and hydrochemical analysis at four observing sections of typical salt-fresh water transitional zone. The study indicates that seawater and brine intrusion processes have different hydrochemical features, and that ion exchange and adsorption actions between water and aquifer produce great influence on the intrusion.

The modern change and evolution tendency of sand coast in the eastern area of Liaodong Gulf

In studying sand beach erosion and protection tactics in Liaoning Province, the authors calculated the wavedata of 27 a Period (1963-1991) at Bayuquan Observation Station in Liaodong Gulf. Together with the beach levellingsand some simple marking stakes monitoring and by having the aid of local annals, the paper analysed the present situationsof the coastline and the causes of sand coastal recession and serious consequences, and then discussed the dynamic processof alongshore sand transport. Simultaneously, based on alongshore sand transport model, oneline cut-and-fill theory anddynamical water model(sea level rise), the authors preliminary estimated beach process for the future in the area.Recently, the coastline is being eroded and 2/3 of the sand coast is subjected to erosion, which the recession rate ofthe individual sector exceed 7. 0 m/a. Coastal erosion has threatened villages, roads, factories and tourist resources. Sealevel rises and the decreasing amount of materials by rivers discharged into the sea and the activities of man, made coast line recession rate accelerate, and cause a great loss of land in the area.

2000年以来东部沿海地区城镇化的空间特征与影响因素

文章基于第五次、第六次和第七次全国人口普查数据和其他统计数据,挖掘东部沿海地区城镇化发展的空间特征,考察城镇化影响因素及其变化。研究表明:东部沿海地区城镇化水平较高,区域差异呈缩小趋势,区内差异大于区间差异;增速低于全国平均水平,对全国城镇化水平的贡献率呈下降态势;人口向大城市集聚趋势明显加强,设市辖区对城镇化增长的拉动率高于县/市;集聚态势不断增强,6个城市群成为城镇化的重要空间载体。经济发展和产业结构高级化是东部沿海地区城镇化水平提高的重要因素;经济全球化对东部沿海城镇化发展作出了特殊贡献;投入强度和联系水平对城镇化发展的促进作用依然存在,而创新能力提升将成为东部沿海地区城镇化发展的新动力。

中国东部沿海城市群生态效率时空演进与影响因素研究

基于2004—2018年中国东部沿海9个省份64个城市的面板数据,对东部沿海城市群生态效率的时空演进和内在联系进行了研究,并使用面板Tobit模型对城市生态效率进行影响因素分析。结果显示:在整体上,东部沿海四大城市群生态效率前期下降后期波动,综合效率仍有31.2%的提升空间,生产效率区域间差异趋向收敛,环境治理效率出现明显的城市群间分异,综合效率主要受环境治理效率的影响;在生态效率的时间演进上,京津冀城市群和珠三角城市群呈“U”型,山东半岛城市群呈倒“U”型,长三角城市群缓慢下降;在空间演进上,标准差椭圆和生态效率的空间演进都存在区域异质性;在影响因素上,经济密度和科技水平会对综合效率、生产效率和环境治理效率产生促进作用,外商直接投资对综合效率存在负向影响,产业结构促进了生产效率的提高,区位因素对生产效率的影响不显著。

江苏东部沿海地区野生种子植物区系及物种多样性:以灌云县为例

江苏东部沿海地区频繁的土地开发活动使得许多植物面临着不同程度的威胁。为了解该地区的植物区系和物种多样性特征,以江苏省灌云县植物区系为例,采用全面踏查、定点样线、样方调查和特殊地区重点调查相结合的方法进行实地调查,并与江苏东部沿海地区4个周边县(区)进行比较。结果表明:(1)江苏省灌云县有野生种子植物72科240属357种,以被子植物占绝对优势,而裸子植物贫乏,灌云县较相邻地区具有更丰富的野生种子植物物种多样性;(2)从科级水平上看,灌云县野生种子植物科的分布区类型有6种,其中热带成分占58.33%,温带成分占41.67%;从属级水平上看,灌云县野生种子植物属的分布区类型有14种,其中热带成分占37.25%,温带成分占61.75%,热带属与温带属的比值(R/T值)为60.32%;(3)灌云县草本植物种类最为丰富,且草本群落的物种丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(D)均显著高于乔木群落和灌木群落(P<0.001);(4)由沿海到内陆(由东向西),随着距海距离的增加,草本植物的物种丰富度指数(R)呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),而Pielou均匀度指数(J)则呈显著降低趋势(P<0.001);(5)灌云县中西部具有较高的物种多样性,其中伊芦山、大伊山及其周边地区是生物多样性保护的重点区域;(6)灌云县与江苏东部沿海地区4个周边县(区)野生种子植物属的相似性系数(similarity coefficient,Sc)均在50%以上,其中与灌南县野生种子植物区系的相似性系数最高(61.96%)。研究结果可为灌云县野生植物多样性的有效保护、科学管理以及持续利用提供基础数据资料。

东部近海海产品中有机氯和菊酯类农药的 分布特征与健康风险评估

为全面了解我国东部近海海产品中有机氯农药(OCPs)和菊酯类农药(PYRs)的残留特征及健康风险,本研究以我国东部近海附近海域的典型海产品为研究对象,使用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)对其体内两类农药的含量进行测定和相关分析。结果显示:东部近海海产品中,ΣOCPs残留范围为2.2~1864.7 ng·g^(-1)(均值为72.5 ng·g^(-1),以干质量计),ΣPYRs浓度范围为5.2~761.7 ng·g^(-1)(均值为57.9 ng·g^(-1))。与软体动物类和甲壳类相比,ΣOCPs更容易蓄积在脂肪含量更高的鱼类中,而ΣPYRs在3类生物中的残留量差异不显著;空间分布上,两类农药在海洋生物体内残留量的空间差异性均不显著(除烟台海域外);来源分析表明,OCPs污染主要源于历史残留,而PYRs可能与近海范围内陆域的城市卫生防护活动密切相关。研究表明,不同海产品中两类农药的总风险指数远小于1,健康风险处于安全水平。

基于土地利用变化的中国东部沿海城市景观生态风险评估

以中国东部沿海53个城市为研究对象,利用2010年、2015年、2020年遥感影像分析土地利用格局与变化,基于景观格局评价沿海城市景观生态风险等级。结果表明:东部沿海城市土地利用总体呈现以北耕南林为主的陆域多类型混合区域的宏观格局特征,耕地和林地分别占土地总面积的40.71%和34.47%;2010—2020年东部沿海城市土地利用变化以耕地的减少和建设用地的增加为主,耕地面积减少了5769.33 km^(2),建设用地增加了3907.29 km^(2),在临海区、各城市中心周边地区建设用地增加较为明显,临海区域(尤其是渤海湾和莱州湾)人工湿地扩增明显,水域面积大幅增加;2010—2020年东部沿海城市生态状况以较低风险为主,较低风险城市数量占总城市数量的64.15%,低风险与中低风险城市数量在上升;沿海城市景观生态风险呈现北高南低的分布格局,以杭州湾为界线,杭州湾以北地区的生态风险高于以南地区。

1998～2008年中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征

基于1998～2008年的SPOT-VGT数据,利用CVA、一元线性回归、Hurst指数等方法分析中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征及趋势,并编制植被覆盖退化特征图谱。研究表明:植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,高变化和中变化区比例合计达26.23%;与此同时,退化区也大量分布;植被覆盖变化的自相似性和长程依赖性突出,区域尺度Hurst指数高达0.84,增长趋势可持续,像元尺度Hurst指数普遍较高,但空间格局比较复杂;未来植被覆盖趋于恶化的面积约占10.58%,三大都市圈及部分海岸带区域严重退化并将持续退化,众多中小城市周边中度退化并将持续退化。