Relationship between joint development in rock and coal seams in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin

To predict joint development characteristics of coal seams, joint characteristics of rock seams from 88field stations were observed and comparisons were made between joint characteristics of coal and rock seams at 10 coal outcrops. Additionally, detailed joint measurements of underground coal seams were taken at two coal mines. This study investigated the effects of seam thickness, lithology, and structure on joint development and established the relationship between joint development of coal and rock seams, which allowed predictions of predominant joint densities for the No.5 coal seam in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin. The results show that outcrop and underground coal seams exhibit the same joint systems as rock seams. The joints are mainly upright. Predominant joints strike 55° on average, followed by joints striking 320°. The joint density of the coal seam is 18.7–22.5 times that of the sandstone seam at the same thickness. The predominant joint density of the No.5 coal seam, controlled by the structure, is 4–20 joints per meter. Joint densities exhibit high values at intersecting areas of faults and folds and decrease values in structurally stable areas. The permeability increases exponentially with increasing density of the predominant joints.

Reservoir characteristics and formation model of Upper Carboniferous bauxite series in eastern Ordos Basin,NW China

Through core observation,thin section identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and isothermal adsorption experiments,the lithology and pore characteristics of the Upper Carboniferous bauxite series in eastern Ordos Basin were analyzed to reveal the formation and evolution process of the bauxite reservoirs.A petrological nomenclature and classification scheme for bauxitic rocks based on three units(aluminum hydroxides,iron minerals and clay minerals)is proposed.It is found that bauxitic mudstone is in the form of dense massive and clastic structures,while the(clayey)bauxite is of dense massive,pisolite,oolite,porous soil and clastic structures.Both bauxitic mudstone and bauxite reservoirs develop dissolution pores,intercrystalline pores,and microfractures as the dominant gas storage space,with the porosity less than 10% and mesopores in dominance.The bauxite series in the North China Craton can be divided into five sections,i.e.,ferrilite(Shanxi-style iron ore,section A),bauxitic mudstone(section B),bauxite(section C),bauxite mudstone(debris-containing,section D)and dark mudstone-coal section(section E).The burrow/funnel filling,lenticular,layered/massive bauxite deposits occur separately in the karst platforms,gentle slopes and low-lying areas.The karst platforms and gentle slopes are conducive to surface water leaching,with strong karstification,well-developed pores,large reservoir thickness and good physical properties,but poor strata continuity.The low-lying areas have poor physical properties but relatively continuous and stable reservoirs.The gas enrichment in bauxites is jointly controlled by source rock,reservoir rock and fractures.This recognition provides geological basis for the exploration and development of natural gas in the Upper Carboniferous in the study area and similar bauxite systems.

Unconventional Natural Gas Accumulations in Stacked Deposits:A Discussion of Upper Paleozoic Coal-Bearing Strata in the East Margin of the Ordos Basin, China

The Upper Paleozoic(Carboniferous to Permian) succession in the east margin of the Ordos Basin in the North China Craton has a potential to contain significant hydrocarbon resources, though attention have been mainly attracted for its successful development of coalbed methane(CBM). To improve the previous resource estimates and evaluate the hydrocarbon play possibilities, this study incorporated new discoveries of hydrocarbon units and their stratigraphic relation with source rocks, hydrocarbon migration and trapping configurations. Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation units were identified within the Upper Paleozoic, including the Taiyuan, Shanxi and Xiashihezi formations with great tight gas potential, and the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations also containing shale gas and CBM. Different strata combinations are identified with coal deposition and favour for continuous gas accumulations, including the tidal flat, deltaic and fluvial systems distributed in most of the study areas. Methane was not only generated from the thick coal seams in the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations, but also from shale and dark mudstones. The coal, shale and tight sandstones are proved of remarkable gas content and hydrocarbon indications, and the gas saturation of tight sandstones decreases upward. The stacked deposit combinations vary isochronally in different areas, while the coal seams were developed stably showing good gas sources. Two key stages control the hydrocarbon enrichment, the continuous subsidence from coal forming to Late Triassic and the anomalous paleo-geothermal event happened in Early Cretaceous, as indicated by the fluid inclusions evidence. Extensive areas show good hydrocarbon development potential presently, and more works should be focused on the evaluation and selection of good reservoir combinations.

Geochemical characteristics and genetic model of dolomite reservoirs in the eastern margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin

The widespread Carboniferous KT-I dolomite in the eastern margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin is an important hydrocarbon reservoir. The dolomite lithology is dominated by crystalline dolomite. The δ18O values range from -6.71‰ to 2.45‰, and average 0.063‰, obviously larger than -2.5‰, indicating low-temperature dolomite of evaporation origin. Stable strontium isotope ratios （87Sr/86Sr） range from 0.70829 to 0.70875 and average 0.708365, very consistent with 87Sr/86Sr ratios in Carboniferous seawater. Chemical analysis of Ca and Mg elements shows that the dolomite has 9.1 mole% excess Ca or even higher before stabilization. The degree of order of dolomite is medium–slightly poor, varying in a range of 0.336-0.504 and averaging 0.417. It suggests that the dolomite formed under near-surface conditions. There are two models for the origin of the Carboniferous KT-I dolomite reservoir. These are 1） the evaporation concentration – weathering crust model and 2） the shoal facies – seepage reflux model. The former is mainly developed in restricted platforms – evaporate platforms of restricted marine deposition environments with a representation of dolomite associated with gypsum and mudstone. The latter mainly formed in platform edge shoals and intra-platform shoals and is controlled by dolomitization due to high salinity sea water influx from adjacent restricted sea or evaporate platform.

Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs and Controls of Reservoir Quality: A Case Study of He 8 Sandstones in the Linxing Area, Eastern Ordos Basin, China

Determining the process of densification and tectonic evolution of tight sandstone can help to understand the distribution of reservoirs and find relatively high-permeability areas.Based on integrated approaches of thin section,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),cathode luminescence(CL),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),N2 porosity and permeability,micro-resistivity imaging log(MIL)and three-dimensional seismic data analysis,this work discussed the reservoir characteristics of the member 8 of the Permian Xiashihezi Formation(He 8 sandstones)in the Linxing area of eastern Ordos Basin,determined the factors affecting reservoir quality,and revealed the formation mechanism of relatively high-permeability areas.The results show that the He 8 sandstones in the Linxing area are mainly composed of feldspathic litharenites,and are typical tight sandstones(with porosity<10%and permeability<1 mD accounting for 80.3%of the total samples).Rapid burial is the main reason for reservoir densification,which resulted in 61%loss of the primary porosity.In this process,quartz protected the original porosity by resisting compaction.The cementation(including carbonate,clay mineral and siliceous cementation)further densified the sandstone reservoirs,reducing the primary porosity with an average value of 28%.The calcite formed in the eodiagenesis occupied intergranular pores and affected the formation of the secondary pores by preventing the later fluid intrusion,and the Fe-calcite formed in the mesodiagenetic stage densified the sandstones further by filling the residual intergranular pores.The clay minerals show negative effects on reservoir quality,however,the chlorite coatings protected the original porosity by preventing the overgrowth of quartz.The dissolution of feldspars provides extensive intergranular pores which constitute the main pore type,and improves the reservoir quality.The tectonic movements play an important role in improving the reservoir quality.The current tectonic traces of the study area are mainly controlled by the Himalayan movement,and the high-permeability reservoirs are mainly distributed in the anticline areas.Additionally,the improvement degree(by tectonic movements)of reservoir quality is partly controlled by the original composition of the sandstones.Thus,the selection of potential tight gas well locations in the study area should be focused on the anticline areas with relatively good original reservoir quality.And the phenomena can be referenced for other fluvial tight sandstone basins worldwide.

Application of the Material Balance Method in Paleoelevation Recovery: A Case Study of the Longmen Mountains Foreland Basin on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

We applied the material balance principle of the denudation volume and sedimentary flux to study the denudation-accumulation system between the Longmen Mountains （Mts.） and the foreland basin. The amount of sediment in each sedimentation stage of the basin was estimated to obtain the denudation volume, erosion thickness and deposit thickness since the Late Triassic Epoch, to enable us to recover the paleoelevation of the provenance and the sedimentary area. The results show the following： （1） Since the Late Triassic Epoch, the elevation of the surface of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted from 0 m to 2751 m, and the crust of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted by 9.8 km. Approximately 72% of the materials introduced have been denuded from the mountains. （2） It is difficult to recover the paleoelevation of each stage of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin quantitatively by the present-day techniques and data. （3） The formation of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin consisted of three stages of thrust belt tectonic load and three stages of thrust belt erosional unload. During tectonic loading stages （Late Triassic Epoch, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous-Miocene）, the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was lower （approximately 700-1700 m）. During erosional unloading stages （Early and Middle Jurassic, Middle Cretaceous and Jiaguan, Late Cenozoic）, the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was high at approximately 2000-2800m.

Crustal Uplift in the Longmen Shan Mountains Revealed by Isostatic Gravity Anomalies along the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

This study examines the relationship between high positive isostatic gravity anomalies （IGA）, steep topography and lower crustal extrusion at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. IGA data has revealed uplift and extrusion of lower crustal flow in the Longmen Shan Mountains （the LMS）. Firstly, The high positive IGA zone corresponds to the LMS orogenic belt. It is shown that abrupt changes in IGA correspond to zones of abrupt change of topography, crustal thickness and rock density along the LMS. Secondly, on the basis of the Airy isostasy theory, simulations and inversions of the positive IGA were conducted using three-dimensional bodies. The results indicated that the LMS lacks a mountain root, and that the top surface of the lower crust has been elevated by 11 km, leading to positive IGA, tectonic load and density load. Thirdly, according to Watts＇s flexural isostasy model, elastic deflection occurs, suggesting that the limited （i.e. narrow） tectonic and density load driven by lower crustal flow in the LMS have led to asymmetric flexural subsidence in the foreland basin and lifting of the forebulge. Finally, based on the correspondence between zones of extremely high positive IGA and the presence of the Precambrian Pengguan-Baoxing complexes in the LMS, the first appearance of erosion gravels from the complexes in the Dayi Conglomerate layer of the Chengdu Basin suggest that positive IGA and lower crustal flow in the LMS took place at 3.6 Ma or slightly earlier.

Paleoseismological Study of the Late Quaternary Slip-rate along the South Barkol Basin Fault and Its Tectonic Implications,Eastern Tian Shan,Xinjiang

The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault（SBF） in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Quaternary activity, paleoseismology, and deformation characteristics of the fault provide important clues for understanding the tectonic process of the eastern Tian Shan orogen and implementing seismic mitigation. Through interpretation of high-resolution satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, and detailed geological and geomorphic investigations, we suggest that the fault exhibits clear left-lateral slip along its western segment. Paleoseismic trenches dug near Xiongkuer reveal evidence of six large paleoearthquakes. The four latest paleoearthquakes were dated： the oldest event occurred at 4663 BC–3839 BC. Data on the horizontal offsets along the probable 1842 Barkol earthquake coseismic rupture suggest clear multiple relationships between cumulative offsets and possible ~4 m of coseismic left-lateral slip per event. From the cumulative offsets and 14 C sample ages, we suggest an average Holocene left-lateral slip rate of 2.4–2.8 mm/a on the SBF, accounting for ~80% of lateral deformation within the entire eastern Tian Shan fault system. This result is comparable with the shortening rate of 2–4 mm/a in the whole eastern Tian Shan, indicating an equal role of strike-slip tectonics and compressional tectonics in this orogen, and that the SBF may accommodate substantial lateral tectonic deformation.

Coal reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Ordos basin in China

In the eastern Ordos basin, due to the diversity of the tectonic setting, coal rank, gas content and permeability, coal reservoirs have differing characteristics. In this paper, based on coal reservoir geometry, gas content, adsorption capacity, pores and fissures developments and permeability data, the coalbed methane(CBM) reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Ordos basin is discussed. The results show that, due to undergoing different paleo-temperatures in the geological history,coal rank has a higher trend from the north part to the south and from the shallow part to the inward basin, which determines CBM distribution and recoverability. In the north, although having large coal thickness and high permeability, Zhungeer-Xingxian coal rank is low, and gas content is small. In the central part, with medium rank, higher gas content and relatively high permeability, and the Wubao-Liulin area is the most favorable area in the eastern Ordos basin. In the southern part, medium and high metamorphism coal occurs, and although having the highest gas content, the permeability in the Hancheng area is low due to the development of sheared coal.

The Coupling Relationship between the Uplift of Longmen Shan and the Subsidence of Foreland Basin,Sichuan,China

Depending on the analysis of the coeval sedimentary geometry and subsidence mechanism in the Longmen Shan foreland basin, three models about the coupling relationship between Longmen Shan uplift and foreland basin subsidence since the Indosinian have been proposed：（1） crustal shortening and its related wide wedge-shaped foreland basin,（2） crustal isostatic rebound and its related tabular foreland basin, and（3） lower crustal flow and its related narrow wedge-shaped foreland basin. Based on the narrow wedge-shaped foreland basin developed since 4 Ma, it is believed that the narrow crustal shortening and tectonic load driven by lower crustal flow is a primary driver for the present Longmen Shan uplift and the Wenchuan（Ms 8.0） earthquake.

Palynology of Yanchang Formation of Middle and Late Triassic in Eastern Gansu Province and Its Paleoclimatic Significance

Xifeng （西峰） oilfield was recently found in the southwest of the Ordos basin. The oil source rocks are the Chang 7 Section of Yanchang （延长） Formation. In order to study the paleoclimate that controlled the formation of source rocks, a systemically palynological research on related beds in Yanchang Formation has been carried out. The core samples were analyzed with classical palynological techniques and the organic-walled sporomorphs from these samples were observed, identified and photographed under a light microscopy and a fluorescence microscopy. Abundant sporopollen were found in drilling cores from Chang 8 and Chang 7 sections, and two assemblages were distinguished： the Aratisporites-Punctatisporites assemblage and the Asseretospora-Walchiites assemblage. Their characteristics are similar to those of the assemblage of Tongchuan （铜川 ） Formation and the assemblage of Yanchang Formation in southeast Ordos basin, respectively. Their geological times are Ladinian of late Middle Triassic and Carnian of early Late Triassic, respectively. The correlation of palynoflora with their parent plants suggests the paleoclimate of eastern Gansu （甘肃） Province in the Middle and Late Triassic was warm and rainy with prosperous vegetation. The palynoflora indicated the area was in a temperate to subtropical zone then. Both the ecological types and differentiation degree curves of sporopollen indicated the period during Chang 8 and Chang 7 sections was warm and wet, and the phase accorded with large-scale lake transgression in Chang 8 Section and the largest lake area in Chang 7 Section. North China in Middle and Late Triassic was located in a warm and rainy, temperate and subtropi- cal zone. The palynofloras in Chang 8 and Chang 7 sections have the characteristics of North China flora, however they also indicate wetter and warmer climate due to their proximity to the large lakes. The period of Chang 8 to Chang 7 sections is the climax of the expansion of the lake, and the bloom of fresh algae during the period, which helped form the high-quality source rocks in Chang 7 Section.

Multi-Stage Basin Development and Hydrocarbon Accumulations： A Review of the Sichuan Basin at Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Sichuan Basin is one of the uppermost petroliferous basins in China. It experienced three evolutionary phases which were marine carbonate platform （Ediacaran to Late Triassic）, Indosinian-Yanshanian orogeny foreland basin （Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous） and uplift and tectonic modification （Late Cretaceous to Quaternary）. The present-day tectonics of the Sichuan Ba- sin and its periphery are characterized by three basic elements which are topography, basement type and surface structure, and two settings （plate margin and interior）. Therefore, be subdivided into five units which have different structure and tectonic history. The basin contains five different sets of source rocks with thickness up to 2 500 m. These source rocks were well preserved due to the presence of Middel-Lower Triassic evaporites （〉-200 m） and thick terrestrial sediments filling in the Indosinian-Yanshanian foreland basin （〉3 000 m）. The uplift and erosion since Late Cretaceous has significant influence on cross-strata migration and accumulation of oil and gas. The multi-phase evolution of the basin and its superimposed tectonic elements, good petroleum geologic conditions and diverse petroleum systems reveal its bright exploration prospects.

The origin mechanism of coalbed methane in the eastern edge of Ordos Basin

In the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin,the coalbed methane(CBM)development has not made substantial progress in the past20 years,and the origin of gas can be used to guide the CBM block-selecting and development.Based on the 37 sets of carbon isotope data,the origin of the gas was determined and the origin mechanism was studied in this work.The 13CPDB of methane ranges from 70.5‰to 36.19‰in the eastern edge in the Ordos Basin and the value becomes heavier from the north to the south.The secondary biogenic gas and the thermogenic gas are mixed in the shallow area and the thermogenic gas occurs in the medium and deep levels.The phenomenon is controlled mainly by the distribution of coal rank and hydrodynamics.Firstly,based on the relationship between China coal rank and methane 13CPDB,the medium rank coal is dominant in the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin,and the mixture of the secondary biogenic gas and the thermogenic gas is formed in the coal of vitrinite reflectant ratio(Rmax)between 0.5%and 2.0%if there is appropriate hydrodynamics;at the same time,because of the shallow burial depth,and the well-developed coal outcrop,meteoric water and other surface water carrying bacteria recharge the coal reservoir,metabolize the organic compounds at a relatively low temperature,and generate methane and carbon dioxide.Wherever the trapping mechanisms occur in the coal,such as Liulin and Hancheng,modern gas content should be high.

Paleogeomorphy evolution of the Ordovician weathering crust and its implication for reservoir development,eastern Ordos Basin

Gas reservoir development of the Ordovician weathering crust in the Ordos Basin is closely controlled by the pre-Carboniferous paleogeomorphy.Previous studies show that the paleogeomorphy is high in the west and low in the east,and the karst highland,karst slope and karst basin are developed from west to east.With further exploration in recent years,many karst breccia that represent strong karstification,are found in the east area which previously is considered to be the Ordovician karst basin.Thus,it is necessary to revaluate controlling factors of karst paleogeomorphy development from a viewpoint of the dynamic paleogeomorphy evolution,to investigate the paleogeomorphy evolution of the Ordovician weathering crust in geological history and guide further research and prediction of development law of reservoir spaces.In order to reconstruct the paleogeomorphy of the weathering crust in the top of Ordovician in the east Ordos Basin,paleogeography,thickness of residual strata and paleokarst characteristics are well studied.The result shows that a wide range of paleokarst highland occurred in the central to east part of Ordos Basin in the early period,and the karst reservoir spaces were formed;but in the late period,the east part of the basin gradually evolved into the paleokarst basin,the current pre-Carboniferous paleogeomorphy was thus formed,and the dissolution reservoir spaces formed in the early period were mostly filled,accordingly the reservoirs were tight.However fracture networks formed by cave collapse connect intercrystalline pores of dolomite,therefore,the reservoirs can still be well preserved locally and are worthy targets for hydrocarbon exploration.

Paleoenvironment controls on organic matter accumulation in transitional shales from the eastern Ordos Basin,China

To investigate the paleoenvironmental controls on organic matter accumulation of Upper Paleozoic shales in the eastern Ordos Basin,China,26 shale samples were collected from two wells drilled into the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formations.The total organic carbon(TOC)content,mineral compositions and elemental geochemistry of the samples were analyzed.Quartz(35.42%)and clay minerals(48.34%)are the dominant minerals and trace elements(Li,Cs,Cu,V,Co,and Cr)are commonly enriched in the shale samples compared to the Upper Continental Crust.C-values(ranging from 0.2 to 4.5),chemical indices of weathering(CIW)values(48.82 to 99.11),and Sr/Cu ratios(1.00 to 11.05)suggest that the paleoclimate was humid in the study area during the Late Paleozoic.Elemental redox indices(e.g.,Al_(2)O_(3)/(Al_(2)O_(3)+Fe_(2)O_(3)),V/Cr,Ni/Co,V/(V+Ni)and U/Th)indicate a dysoxic to oxic paleoenvironment characterized by transi-tional sedimentary deposits in a continental margin setting.In addition,chemical index of alteration(CIA,ranging from 77.92%to 98.36%)and CIW(89.19%to 99.11%)values suggest that there was intense chemical weathering in the study area,while the Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO^(*)+Na_(2)O-K_(2)O(A-CN-K)ternary diagram demonstrates that the shales were not subjected to potassium metasomatism during diagen-esis.Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)and TiO_(2)/Zr ratios,as well as REE characteristics suggest a felsic source rocks and discount seawater as an REE source.Ce anomalies indicate an oxic environment with terrigenous input during black shale deposition,and LREE enrichment with negative Eu anomalies suggests that both shale formations were affected by detrital input rather than hydrothermal fluids.The correlation of TOC(ranging from 1.10%to 6.39%,with an average of 2.77%)with trace elemental redox indices(Sr/Cu,Sr/Ba,V/Cr,and U/Th)indicates that a warm-humid,dysoxic to oxic environment preserved much of the organic matter.

鄂尔多斯盆地神木–佳县区块深部煤层气地质特征及勘探开发潜力

我国深部(以下均指埋深大于2000 m)煤层气资源丰富,勘探开发潜力巨大。与中浅部相比,深部煤层气在富集成藏规律与开发方式方面均具有显著的差异性,急需针对重点区块开展解剖性分析研究。神木–佳县区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部,目前尚处于深部煤层气勘探的起步阶段,深部煤层气富集特征及开发潜力等尚不明确。基于研究区近期实施的地震资料、300余口井的测井资料和4口取心井的参数资料等,系统分析煤储层基础地质特征,总结煤层气富集主控因素与富集规律,类比剖析研究区深部煤层气勘探开发潜力。研究区深8号煤的镜质体反射率介于0.7%~1.8%,大部分区域煤层演化已处于热解生气高峰,区域上煤层净煤厚度高达7~8 m,煤层发育稳定,构造相对简单、水动力封闭性较强、顶底板封盖条件较好,为煤层气大面积连续成藏提供了优越条件,其中佳县南区的煤层气资源条件最好。与鄂尔多斯盆地东部其他区块深部煤层相比,研究区煤层中游离气占比明显更高(15.21%~46.47%),煤层中吸附气主要受吸附压力封存控制,而游离气受毛管力封闭与浮力重力分异双重控制,两种封存机制共同决定了深部煤层含气量的垂向分带与平面分区,以佳县南部为例总结了吸附气吸附压力主控、游离气毛管压力封闭与重力分异耦合控制的典型深部煤层气富集模式。与临兴区块和大宁–吉县区块类比分析结果表明,神木–佳县区块具有较好的煤层气资源基础、储层改造条件和高产潜力,预示了此区块深部煤层气规模化开发的美好前景。此外,大宁–吉县区块深部属典型的高煤阶煤,而神木–佳县深部为中煤阶煤,因此,该研究认识进一步丰富完善了深部煤层气富集理论,对于全国深部煤层气勘探开发实践有重要指示意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地东部上石炭统铝土岩系储集层特征及形成模式

基于岩心观察、岩石薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、低温气体吸附和等温吸附等实验,分析鄂尔多斯盆地东部上石炭统铝土岩系岩性和孔隙特征,以揭示铝土岩系储集层形成演化过程。研究表明:(1)提出以铝的氢氧化物、铁矿物和黏土矿物三单元的铝土岩系岩石学命名分类方案;(2)铝质泥岩产状主要为致密块状和碎屑状,(泥质)铝土岩多呈致密块状、豆状、鲕状、多孔土状和碎屑状,溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微裂缝是主要储气空间,孔隙度一般小于10%,以介孔为主;(3)华北地区铝土岩系纵向上总体上可分为5段,即铁岩(山西式铁矿,A段)、铝质泥岩(B段)、铝土岩(C段)、铝质泥岩(含碎屑)(D段)和暗色泥岩-煤岩段(E段);(4)在岩溶平台、缓坡和洼地分别发育潜穴/漏斗状、透镜状、层状/块状铝土岩沉积,岩溶平台及缓坡处有利于地表水淋滤,岩溶改造作用强,孔隙发育,储集层厚度大且物性好,但连贯性差,低洼处物性较差但储集层相对连续稳定。铝土岩天然气富集受源岩-储集层-裂缝综合控制,相关认识可为该层段和类似铝土岩系天然气勘探开发提供地质依据。

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘奥陶纪马家沟期边界断层的新认识及其对成钾凹陷的控制

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北盐盆奥陶系马家沟组具备良好的成钾潜力,然而,当前仅勘探到薄钾石盐矿层和厚层钾石盐矿化段,大规模钾盐矿尚未发现。通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地东缘地震剖面的构造特征,认为盆地东缘晋西挠褶带西部马五6亚段沉积期存在活动边界正断层。在该断层作用下,形成东断西超的活动同沉积凹陷,富钾卤水大量汇聚于此。在持续干旱的强蒸发环境下,卤水持续浓缩,成钾窗口出现,钾石盐大规模析出,进而形成整装海相优质固体钾石盐矿床。侏罗纪末期,挤压应力导致成钾凹陷抬升,形成古凹今隆的格局,钾盐层抬升至较浅部位,有利于水溶法经济开采。

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘岩相古地理与沉积演化

鄂尔多斯盆地的沉积演化起始于中元古代,发育陆缘裂谷和陆内拗拉槽,沉积滨海相碎屑岩和潮坪相碳酸盐岩,新元古代盆地性质为大陆边缘地堑型坳陷,沉积滞留海盆碎屑岩、冰水沉积物组合及陆棚碎屑岩;早古生代寒武纪和奥陶纪的克拉通盆地主要沉积浅海碳酸盐岩,在西南缘发育沟-弧-盆体系;经过加里东运动抬升剥蚀后,开始了华北克拉通坳陷盆地的沉积演化过程,晚石炭世和早二叠世发育了陆表海沉积,早二叠世晚期—中三叠世形成了近岸碎屑湖盆沉积;中晚三叠世延长期至早白垩世,鄂尔多斯盆地最终形成,进入大型内陆差异沉积盆地的形成和发展时期,上三叠统、侏罗系和下白垩统是在鄂尔多斯盆地缓慢沉降过程中堆积的以河流-三角洲-湖泊相为特征的陆源碎屑岩系;新生代进入周边断陷发育阶段,先后发育河流-湖泊及风成沉积。这一系列沉积演化过程揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地复杂的地质历史和多样的沉积环境。

忻定盆地金山凸起东缘断裂展布及晚第四纪最新活动特征

通过野外地质地貌调查结合无人机航拍测量、地质雷达勘探及浅层地震勘探综合分析认为,金山凸起东缘断裂整体呈NE向展布,走向40°,北起忻口村一带,向SW经金山铺村西、前淤泥村西延伸至部落村以北,进而向SWS转折进入盆地区。经探槽开挖和年龄测试,该断裂段最新断错晚更新世早期地层。