Kinematic Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Eccentric Conjugate Non-circular Gear & Crank-Rocker & Gears Train Weft Insertion Mechanism

A novel weft insertion mechanism named eccentric conjugate non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gears train weft insertion mechanism was proposed in order to better meet the requirements of rapier loom's weft insertion mechanism as well as reduce the manufacturing difficulty. Meanwhile, based on the working principle of this mechanism, kinematical mathematic models of this mechanism were established and an aided analysis and simulation software was compiled. The influences of eccentricity ratio, deformation coefficient, and other important parameters on the kinematics characteristics of this mechanism were analyzed by using the software. A group of preferable parameters which could meet the requirements of weft insertion technology were obtained by means of human-computer interactive optimization method. The maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and variation of acceleration of this mechanism are smaller than those of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism applied on TT96 rapier loom under the conditions of the same unilateral total stroke of rapier head and the same rotary speed of loom spindle; meanwhile the other demands of weaving technology can be met by this novel weft insertion mechanism.

Properties and Applications of the Eccentric-gear Drive

The eccentric-gear can be used for variable speed transmission.But,due to the vibrations caused by variation of backlash in working process,the eccentric-gear is seldom applied in engineering project.There is just a little study about the eccentric-gear.And it is necessary to take a further research on eccentric-gear transmission for the applications in the transplanting mechanism of high-speed rice transplanter.The key of this paper is to extend understanding of three following characteristics of this drive：（1） The rotation-center-distance and the geometrical-center-distance of the two meshing eccentric gears are respectively the hypotenuse and the straight edge of a right triangle in a cycle.（2） The geometrical center line of two meshing gears divides the linking-line of the two rotational centers equally.（3） When two times the eccentricity of gear,the rotation-center-distance and the geometrical-center-distance form a right triangle,the optimal value of rotation-center-distance can be determined.In addition,the kinematic analysis,such as the relationship between contact point and midpoint of the linking-line of two gears＇ rotational centers,transmission ratio between the driving-gear and the driven-gear,contact angle and coordinate of contact point are be made,further the formula for calculation of contact force,flow chart for writing optimization program and curve for analysis of data are also be developed.The relationship between the rotation-center-distance and the geometrical-center-distance,which is determined by three characteristics mentioned above, is a key for the rational design and application of eccentric-gear transmission.Particularly,the presented right triangle property of eccentric gear drive is an important reference for effective analysis of dynamic characteristic of eccentric-gear mechanism and its reliable design.

Calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears

According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.

Design and Experimental Research on Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism of Planetary Gear Train with Combined Non-circular Gear Transmission

Currently, transplanting mechanisms for dryland plug seedlings in China are mainly semiautomatic and have low efficiency. The rotary seedling pick-up mechanism with a planetary gear train for non-uniform intermittent transmission, and a concave and convex locking arc device, has a large rigid impact. To solve these problems, according to the design requirements for a dryland plug seedling transplanting mechanism, a rotary seedling pick-up mechanism of a planetary gear train with combined non-circular gear transmission of incomplete eccentric circular and noncircular gears was proposed. This has the characteristics of two-times greater fluctuation of the transmission ratio in a cycle, and can achieve a non-uniform continuous drive. Through analysis of the working principle of the seedling pick-up mechanism, its kinematics model was established. The human–computer interaction optimization method and self-developed computer-aided analysis and optimization software were used to obtain a set of parameters that satisfy the operation requirements of the seedling pick-up mechanism. According to the optimized parameters, the structure of the seedling pick-up mechanism was designed, a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created, and a physical prototype was manufactured. A virtual motion simulation of the mechanism was performed, high-speed photographic kinematics tests were conducted, and the kinematic properties of the physical prototype were investigated, whereby the correctness of the theoretical model and the optimized design of the mechanism were verified. Further, laboratory seedling pick-up tests were conducted. The success ratio of seedling pick-up was 93.8% when the seedling pick-up efficiency of the mechanism was 60 plants per minute per row, indicating that the mechanism has a high efficiency and success ratio for seedling pick-up and can be applied to a dryland plug seedling transplanter.

Reverse Design and Test of Non-circular Gear & Crank-Rocker & Gear Trains Weft Insertion Mechanism

For the purpose of obtaining satisfactory performance of the non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gear trains (NCCRG) weft insertion mechanism which was proposed in this paper, the ideal kinematic curve of this weft insertion mechanism was given, and the reverse solution models of this mechanism were established. A reverse design and simulation software was compiled based on Visual Basic 6.0 to obtain the mechanism parameters, including the pitch curves and tooth profiles of the non-circular gears. A test-bed of this mechanism was developed according to these parameters. The kinematic performance of this weft insertion mechanism was tested by high-speed video tape recorder with its corresponding video analytical software Blaster's MAS. And the test results were identical with the theoretical calculation. Compared with the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism which is applied on TT96 rapier loom, under the condition of same weft insertion rate, the variation of acceleration of this mechanism is smaller. This novel weft insertion mechanism can meet the requirements of weft insertion on rapier looms with smooth and steady motion.

Design and Experiment of Non-circular Combined Gear Train Beating-up Mechanism

The most important performance of a beating-up mechanism is that the dwelling time of the sley must ensure the completion of the weft insertion. To meet this requirement, a new non-circular combined gear train beating-up mechanism which is composed of two-stage planetary gear trains is proposed. The first-stage is a Fourier planetary gear train and the second-stage is a non-circular planetary gear train. For designing of this new mechanism, the ideal kinematic equations of the sley are constructed first. Then the kinematic model of the first-stage Fourier planetary gear train is established and the reverse solution for the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears is deduced. With a computer-aided design program, the influences of several important parameters on the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears are analyzed, and a set of preferable structural parameters are obtained. Finally, a test bed of this mechanism is developed and the experimental results show that this new beating-up mechanism can achieve the designed dwelling time, namely it can meet the requirements of beating-up process.

Research on stepless transmission utilizing noncircular gears

In view of the lack of systemic analysis for stepless transmission using noncircular gears, two basic noncircular gear units, an addition unit adopting differential mechanism and a multiplication unit applying a fixed gear train, are proposed. Then, the design methods of the noncircular gear pair of each unit, transmission ratio relationship, rotation angle relationship and key parameters with specific physical meanings are studied. The adjusting properties, composing strategy and varying range of transmission ratio etc. are investigated in detail for each unit. Following this, several examples of using a noncircular gear pair in the units and their manipulation technique are introduced.

Matching between mechanics and thermodynamics among 4 individual strokes in a 4-stroke engine by non-circular gear mechanism

The relationship between engine mechanics and thermo-dynamics has been investigated by means of numerical simulation.The inherent mismatching between the mechanical behaviors and the thermodynamic process in internal combustion engine is identified,which is believed to be one of the important limiting factors of energy efficiency for conventional engines available in the current market.An approach for engine efficiency improvement through optimal matching between mechanics and thermodynamics(OMBMT)is proposed.An ideal matching model is defined and the conflicts due to the constraints among the mapping strokes in a 4-stroke engine are analyzed.A novel mechanical model is built for approaching optimal matching among all 4 individual strokes in a 4-stroke spark-ignition engine,which is composed of non-circular gears(NCG)and integrated with conventional slider crank engine mechanism.By means of digital mechanical model and numerical simulation,the matching gains among all 4 strokes are defined and calculated for quantifying the NCG engine efficiency improvement by comparing with a baseline engine.The potentials with the OMBMT implemented and the enhancements made by NCG mechanism for engines in terms of overall engine efficiency are reported.Based on the results achieved,it is recommended that the feasibility studies and the experimental validations should be conducted to verify the engine matching concept and effectiveness of the NCG mechanism engine model proposed,and the engine performance and NCG design parameters should be further optimized.

Research on Design Method of Non-Circular Gear Pair with Double Generating Angles

In order to enhance the bearing capacity of non-circular gear pair, the non-circular gear pair with double generating angles is proposed based on the design idea of unsymmetrical gear with double pressure angles. The tooth profile is designed by generating cutting theory, the pure rolling mathematic model that the center line of unsymmetrical rack roll along non-circular pitch curve is built, the digital model of non-circular gear with double generating angles is created through the second development method of CAD software, and then the drive characteristic and tooth strength are analyzed. The results show that the design method for double generating angles non-circular gear proposed in this paper is feasible, which is significant to improve the bearing capacity of non-circular gear pair.

Optimization design and test of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears

In order to solve the problem of the high-speed mechanized transplanting of rice plug seedlings,the design requirements of transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings were analyzed and a kind of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train based on the drive with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears was designed innovatively.The laboratory kinematics was examined.The working principle of the transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings was studied,kinematics analysis of the transplanting mechanism was carried out and its kinematic model was set up.A human-computer interaction optimization method was used to optimize the parameters of the transplanting mechanism.The computer aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism based on Visual Basic 6.0 was developed.Through analyzing the influence of design variables on the optimization objectives of the transplanting mechanism,a set of parameters of the transplanting mechanism which meet the requirements of transplanting trajectory and posture for transplanting rice seedlings were obtained by means of human-computer interaction.The structure of the transplanting mechanism was designed according to this set of parameters,and its virtual prototype and physical prototype were set up and manufactured,respectively.The kinematic simulation test and high-speed photography kinematic test of the transplanting mechanism were conducted to obtain its kinematic performances,such as transplanting trajectory and posture.The results of bench test,simulation analysis and theoretical analysis were almost in agreement,which verified the correctness of the theoretical model and design results of the transplanting mechanism,indicating that the optimized transplanting mechanism can satisfy the requirements of transplanting rice seedlings and be applied in the rice plug seedling transplanter.

Automatic Scallion Seedling Feeding Mechanism with an Asymmetrical High-order Transmission Gear Train

The current automatic scallion-transplanting machine is a complicated mechanism composed of two linkage mechanisms and two band carriers.It delivers seedlings ine ciently because of the movement limitations of the linkage mechanism.This paper proposes a new high-order non-circular gear train for an automatic scallion-seedling feeding mechanism.The proposed gear train has an asymmetrical transmission ratio;i.e.,its transmission ratio varies.This allows the mechanism’s execution component to move in a long displacement and rotate in a large rotation angle.The long displacement enables the execution component to reach the designed working position,and the large rotation angle allows it to feed a scallion in the required pose.A mathematical model for calculating the asymmetrical transmission ratio was established according to the closure requirements and the full-cycle motion of the driven gear pitch curve.Then,the parameter-design model of the new seedling-feeding mechanism was established,based on precise pose points and trajectory-shape control points.Moreover,an aided-design program was developed to obtain the parameter-solution domain of the scallion-seedling feeding mechanism.The mechanism parameters,which met the seedling-feeding function,were optimized to determine the transmission ratio,using a program and a kinematic simulation.Finally,a prototype of the mechanism was produced,and a seedling-feeding experiment was carried out.One-thousand seedlings were tested at a rate of 100 seedlings per minute,and the statistical success rate was 93.4%.Thus,the automatic scallion-seedling feeding mechanism significantly improves the e ciency of automatically transplanting scallions.

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Coupled Gear-Rotor-Bearing System with the Effect of Internal and External Excitations

Extensive studies on nonlinear dynamics of gear systems with internal excitation or external excitation respectively have been carried out. However, the nonlinear characteristics of gear systems under combined internal and external excitations are scarcely investigated. An eight-degree-of-freedom（8-DOF） nonlinear spur gear-rotor-bearing model, which contains backlash, transmission error, eccentricity, gravity and input/output torque, is established, and the coupled lateral-torsional vibration characteristics are studied. Based on the equations of motion, the coupled spur gear-rotor-bearing system（SGRBS） is investigated using the Runge-Kutta numerical method, and the effects of rotational speed, error fluctuation and load fluctuation on the dynamic responses are explored. The results show that a diverse range of nonlinear dynamic characteristics such as periodic motion, quasi-periodic motion, chaotic behaviors and impacts exhibited in the system are strongly attributed to the interaction between internal and external excitations. Significantly, the changing rotational speed could effectively control the vibration of the system. Vibration level increases with the increasing error fluctuation. Whereas the load fluctuation has an influence on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and the increasing excitation force amplitude makes the vibration amplitude increase, the chaotic motion may be restricted. The proposed model and numerical results can be used for diagnosis of faults and vibration control of practical SGRBS.

Reverse design and tests of vegetable plug seedling pick-up mechanism of planetary gear train with non-circular gears

In the previous research,the seedling pick-up mechanism of the planetary gear train with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears for vegetable plug seedlings still has two shortcomings.One is that not enough seedling pick-up depth leads to a low success ratio of seedling pick-up at high rotation speeds,the other is that the smaller seedling pushing angle results in poor seedling pushing effect.Therefore,the reverse design of the seedling pick-up mechanism based on its motion trajectory was carried out.The local trajectory of seedling pick-up and seedling pushing sections was adjusted to obtain the theoretical motion trajectory of the seedling pick-up mechanism.The cubic non-uniform B-spline curve was used to fit the adjusted trajectory.A novel seedling pick-up mechanism of the planetary gear train with non-circular gears was proposed,including three combined non-circular gears,four non-circular gears,one planetary carrier,and two seedling pick-up arms.The reverse design model of the mechanism was established.The analysis and design software of the mechanism was developed to obtain the mechanism parameters meeting design requirements.The virtual prototype of the mechanism was established and its physical prototype was manufactured.Through the virtual motion simulation and high-speed photographic kinematics bench tests of the mechanism,the kinematic model and results of reverse design of the mechanism were verified,with the kinematic performances of the mechanism prototype studied.The seedling pick-up tests of the mechanism were conducted in the laboratory.The success ratios of seedling pick-up were 94.2%,95.6% and 90.2% while the seedling pick-up efficiencies of the mechanism were 60,80 and 100 plants per minute per row,respectively.Besides,the seedling pushing effect was improved mush because of the greater seedling pushing angle.The seedling pick-up mechanism through revise design is of high value to be applied in the practical vegetable plug seedling transplanters.

考虑中心线偏差的精密行星减速器优化仿真分析

以精密行星减速器为研究对象,考虑中心线偏差对传动误差和齿面载荷的影响,建立精密行星减速器三维模型,利用KISSsoft软件进行偏移量的分析,得到了不同偏移量下齿面载荷分布情况和行星轮系的传动误差,最后结合实际工况下含支撑装置的扭转弯曲组合变形,提出一种齿轮组合修形方法,通过排列组合增量的方式获得最优解,对比优化修形前后的齿轮啮合性能及行星系统的传动性能,该修形方式降低了中心线偏差导致的齿面偏载,改善了传动误差,为考虑中心线偏差下齿轮修形提供了一种参考方法。

偏心误差对分扭-并车齿轮传动系统均载性能的影响

为研究分扭-并车齿轮传动系统中不同级齿轮偏心误差对各支路均载性能的影响,对其不均载成因进行了分析。采用集中质量法建立含偏心误差的弯扭耦合动力学模型,利用Newmark-β法求解动力学方程,计算了各分支均载系数,对比了有无偏心误差时动态均载系数的变化;通过两组数值仿真,探究了不同级齿轮偏心误差对各支路均载系数的影响情况。结果表明,齿轮偏心误差加剧了系统各支路均载系数的幅值波动,且闭环布置的分扭-并车齿轮传动系统右支路均载系数小于左支路;各级齿轮偏心误差单独作用时,偏心误差对含误差的齿轮级所在支路均载性能影响更大;各级偏心误差共同作用时,传动系统并车级均载性能的稳定性劣于分扭级,表明动力传递过程中误差具有累积效应。研究结果为选择性减小不同级齿轮偏心误差、有效改善传动系统各支路的均载性能提供了依据。

考虑啮合误差的复式行星传动系统均载特性研究

为研究复式行星传动系统的均载特性及影响均载特性的因素,通过势能法建立齿轮刚度求解模型,求解了传动系统的时变啮合刚度;计入阻尼、时变啮合刚度、啮合误差等因素影响,采用集中质量法建立了系统的平移-扭转耦合动力学模型,利用Newmark-β积分法求解了系统的动态响应,以均载系数量化均载性能,分析了转速、负载及单构件和多构件偏心误差对系统均载性能的影响。分析结果表明,提高转速会降低系统的均载性能,增加负载会提高系统的均载性能;偏心误差的增大会使系统的均载性能降低,当偏心误差同时作用在内啮合的构件上时会使均载系数下降3.1%;当同类行星轮的偏心误差以旋转中心作用时,会有效降低偏心误差对系统均载性能的影响。

偏心故障齿轮系统内部动力激励及振动响应研究

以山区曲线半径较小的城市轨道交通传动齿轮系统为例,提出一种计算偏心故障时齿轮系统内部动力激励的方法。首先,建立含偏心故障的齿轮几何模型,以螺距点为边界将偏心故障下的斜齿轮副接触线分成两段,计算齿轮副的摩擦激振力,得到齿轮副偏心故障对摩擦激励的影响规律。其次,建立偏心故障齿轮系统的多自由度集中质量动力学模型,得到齿轮系统的动态啮合力。最后,以动态啮合力为内部动力激励,采用模态叠加法研究齿轮系统的振动特性,并对计算结果和实验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好,偏心故障动态响应的频域分量与试验结果的关系更为密切,研究结果可为齿轮系统偏心故障的早期监测提供理论依据。

齿轮偏心对齿轨车辆动力学性能影响研究

为研究齿轮偏心对齿轨车辆动力学性能的影响,基于齿轮齿条传动原理与车辆动力学理论,使用SIMPACK软件建立了齿轨车辆多体动力学模型,研究了齿轮不同偏心量下的齿轮动态特性以及齿轨车辆直线运行平稳性和曲线运行安全性。仿真结果表明,齿轮齿条间的啮合冲击随齿轮偏心量的增加而逐渐增大,进而加剧车体的振动,使得齿轨车辆的直线运行时,车体振动加速度与平稳性指标增大,但相对横向振动,齿轮偏心对车体垂向振动影响更为明显。此外随齿轮偏心量的增加,齿轨车辆通过曲线时的脱轨系数和轮重减载率也有所增大。

某型航空发动机滑油泵转子参数对泵性能的影响

为了研究滑油泵转子设计参数对泵的性能影响,采用数值仿真软件Pumplinx对某型航空发动机滑油泵供油级进行了三维数值模拟,具体研究了内啮合摆线滑油泵转子结构设计参数对其流量及流量脉动率的影响。结果表明,当泵的体积及边界条件一定时:随着转速增加,流量脉动幅值与流量脉动率均随之增大;偏心距e减小,流量脉动率减小;创成系数k的增大能够使泵的排量增大;弧径系数h的减小会使排量增大;弧径系数h及创成系数k单独的变化对流量脉动率无直接影响,需结合起来判断转子是否过尖,过尖的转子会使流量脉动率增大。

摆辗机分类及我国摆辗技术发展分析

将摆辗机按摆角是否可调进行分类,并展开分析,指出我国摆动辗压发展的主要技术瓶颈是摆角可调的双偏心套传动机构摆动辗压机没有实现国产化。所以具体从摆动辗压技术的优缺点,摆动辗压机的结构特征、主要技术参数、摆辗力-滑块位移规律以及摆辗工艺参数全方位展开论述,指出摆动辗压理论研究须与生产实际相结合,才能解决生产实际中的问题;锻压设备制造商应积极参与研发摆角可调的双偏心套传动机构摆动辗压机。