Correlation between Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Different Echinacea Purpurea Varieties

Objective:Polyphenols are complex compounds containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups.They are widely distributed in plants and have antioxidant activities.Whether the antioxidant activities of the cultivated varieties of Echinacea are similar to or better than those of the wild ones and the relationship between the accumulation of polyphenols and their antioxidant activities are still not clear.Methods:Folin-Ciocalteu method,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assay,ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay,2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid(ABTS)radical scavenging assay,and Fe^(2+)chelating ability assay were used,respectively,to detect the total polyphenols and 5 kinds of caffeic acid derivatives(chicoric acid,caffeic acid,caftaric acid,chlorogenic acid,and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)in the roots,stems,leaves,and flowers,and the antioxidant activities of 3 varieties of Echinacea:E.purpurea L.,cultivar E.purpurea'Aloha',and E.purpurea'White Swan'.Results:E.purpurea L.had the highest contents of total polyphenols,5 caffeic acid derivatives and antioxidant activities,followed by E.purpurea'White Swan'and E.purpurea'Aloha',respectively.E.purpurea'White Swan'had the strongest ability to remove the DPPH,ABTS·^(+)and free radicals,and to chelate Fe^(2+);E.purpurea L.had the strongest ability to reduce FRAP.The correlation analyses revealed that the contents of total polyphenols and caffeic acid derivatives of E.purpurea L.and E.purpurea'White Swan'were correlated with their antioxidant activities.Conclusion:E.purpurea L.was the most appropriate material for the development of medicinal plants.E.purpurea'White Swan'could be used as a substitute for E.purpurea L.in terms of its antioxidant activity.

Effects of Echinacea purpurea Polysaccharide on IEC-6 Cell Proliferation

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Echi-nacea purpurea polysaccharides （EPS） on proliferation of rat intestinal epithelial cel IEC-6. [Method] The proliferation rate of IEC-6 cel s cultured in EPS at different concentrations and for different time was measured by MTT assay and analyzed by statistic methods. [Result] The proliferation rate of IEC-6 cel s cultured in EPS at al the concentrations and for different time was improved by different extents in com-parison with the control. In detail, 50 and 200 μg/ml EPS greatly improved the IEC-6 cel proliferation after 24 h of culture; then, the cel proliferation rate in the two treatments increased from 24 to 48 h, and declined from 48 to 72 h. The cel pro-liferation was also significantly improved by culturing in 100 μg/ml EPS for 72 h and in 500 μg/ml EPS for 48 h. After 48 h of culture, the proliferation rate of IEC-6 cel increased in a EPS dose-dependent manner. [Conclusion] EPS can promote IEC-6 cel proliferation, and thus improve the intestinal mucosal absorption and immune function of rat.

Effect of Echinacea purpurea Polysaccharide on IL-6 m RNA Expression Level in IEC-6 Cell after LPS Injury

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effect of Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide （EPS） on IL-6 mRNA expression level in IEC-6 cell after lipopolysac- charide （LPS） injury. [Method] Total RNA of IEC-6 cell was extracted with TRIzon reagent and amplified by R-r-PCR. The amplification products were examined by a- garose gel electrophoresis and graphed for analysis. [Result] After stimulation by LPS, the IL-6 mRNA expression level in iEC-6 cell increased. However, EPS could inhibit this effect, and the inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. At the concentration of 50 μg/ml, EPS could partially inhibit the IL-6 mRNA expression in IEC-6 cell after LPS stimulation; in the concentration range of 100-500 μg/ml, the inhibitory effect of EPS on IL-6 mRNA expression in iEC-6 cell increased with the increase of con- centration. When the IEC-6 cell was pre-treated with EPS （50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml） for 24 h and then stimulated with LPS （10 μg/ml） for 1 and 4 h, respectively, it was found that the LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-6 in IEC-6 cell was in- hibited by EPS, and this kind of inhibitory effect was time-dependent. [Conclusion] After small intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated by LPS, the IL-6 mRNA expres- sion level increased. However, EPS could inhibit the LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-6, thus protecting the intestinal mucosa. In addition, this kind of inhibitory effect showed time and concentration dependence.

免疫增强剂紫锥菊(Echinacea purpurea)提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)头肾内非特异性免疫基因表达量的影响

通过给大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)注射不同浓度的紫锥菊(Echinacea purpurea)提取物,测定其非特异性免疫指标的变化水平,研究其对大菱鲆的头肾内非特异性免疫分子基因相对表达量的影响,进而为其在大菱鲆养殖生产过程中推广应用提供科学依据。试验选取体重(250±20)g的大菱鲆作为试验动物,分别注射10、20、40mg/m L浓度的紫锥菊提取物,试验共进行28d,注射试验结束后,分别从高、中、低剂量组及空白对照组选出6尾大菱鲆,分别取出大菱鲆的头肾并提取总RNA。采用?Ct法进行目标基因的荧光定量分析,再应用SPSS17.0软件对获得的实验数据进行单因素方差分析。研究结果表明,紫锥菊提取物能够不同程度地提高大菱鲆头肾内非特异性免疫分子基因相对表达量。注射紫锥菊提取物28d后对大菱鲆头肾中Lysozyme基因相对表达量的影响显著(P<0.05),对C3补体基因相对表达量的影响极显著(P<0.01),对Transferrin基因相对表达量的影响显著(P<0.05),对TGF-β1基因相对表达量的影响极显著(P<0.01),对IL-1h基因相对表达量的影响极显著(P<0.01),本试验研究表明,紫锥菊提取物能够显著提高大菱鲆头肾内非特异性免疫分子基因的相对表达量。

The Biomass Dosage Influences the Effects of Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate on Micropropagation of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench

The plant growth regulator diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) has proved highly effective on micropropagation of the medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), however, sharp variation of the effects existed among explants in the same treatment, making the application of DA-6 in micropropagation difficult. In order to clarify factors that influencing the treating results of DA-6, explants with different biomass dosage were prepared and inoculated onto medium supplemented with different concentrations of DA-6. It was found that among the three kinds of biomass dosage explants, the lowest biomass explants required the lowest concentration of DA-6, and the highest biomass explants required the highest concentration of DA-6 for the best results on adventitious buds regeneration. Similar results were obtained when regenerated buds of three different biomass dosages were cultured. It could be concluded from the above experimental results that for achieving better DA-6 application results, the concentration of DA-6 should be determined not only by the types but also by the biomass dosage of the explants. The present finding might help to improve the micropropagation efficiency in E. purpurea, and might be applicable for other species

Anther Culture and Plant Regeneration of Tetraploid Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

Anthersisolated from tetraploid purple coneflowerplants were cultured in vitro. The highest callus induction rate was obtained when the medium was consisted of N6 basal elements, 4% sucrose, 0.5 mg?L?1 BA, and 0.10 mg?L?1 NAA. Various morphogenesis such as globular, heart-shape, torpedo-shapeand final state embryos as well asvarious texture calluses around were observed. Out of 110 plantlets regenerated, 104 were confirmed as diploid and the rest were as tetraploid. Plants of one diploid offspring strain presented aspecialcharacter in pot: unlike the original tetraploid plants, it grown tubular, bisexual ray florets. The results obtained in the present studies indicated that although the tetraploid purple coneflower plants produced only diploid microspores, the recovery of some useful mutants through in vitro anther cultures might be reasonably expected.

Mannitol and Sorbitol Improve Uniformity of Adventitious Shoots Regeneration in Echinacea purpurea L. Moench

Mannitol or sorbitol was added into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium contain-ing certain concentrations of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) which was used to induce adventi-tious buds of Echinacea purpurea L. Results showed that the induced adventitious buds growing from medium added with 15 g·L-1 mannitol or sorbitol of the same con-centration were more consistent in height. The regeneration rates in MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L-1 BA and 15 g·L-1 mannitol were increased, while in MS medium containing 0.2 and 0.5 mg·L-1 BA, and 15 g·L-1 sorbitol, the regeneration rates were suppressed. On the other hand, genotype of explants and the concentration of BA in-fluenced the incidence of hyperhydricity, and the hyperhydricity of regenerated buds was more severe when the petiole explants were inoculated on medium with 15 g·L-1 mannitol or 15 g·L-1 sorbitol. The present study offers new possibility to the production of uniform plantlets for commercial cultivation in this important medicinal plant.

The Synthesis and Storage Sites of Phenolic Compounds in the Root and Rhizome of <i>Echinacea purpurea</i>

Cichoric acid is the main phenolic compound in the root and rhizome of the medicinal part, Echinacea purpurea that is known for possessing immune enhancing characteristics. In this study, we analysis the the synthesis and storage sites of phenolic compound in E. purpurea. We used fluorescent microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cytochemical and immunocytochemical localization to observe the distribution of phenolic compounds. Our results show that the phenolic compounds were mostly distributed in the cortex parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells and pith parenchyma cells in the root and rhizome, and mainly present in the vacuoles, large intercellular spaces and their surrounding cell walls. No phenolic compounds were observed in the cytoplasm and the organelles. We concluded that the phenolic compounds were synthetized in the cortex parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells and pith parenchyma cells in the root and rhizome, and stored in the vacuoles of parenchyma cells. The above results provided significantly cytological information for further approaching the metabolic regulation and transfer pathways of phenolic compounds in biochemistry and molecular biology.

Effect of Extraction Methods on the Active Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanolic Extracts of Echinacea purpurea Flower

The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In multi-steps extraction, the extraction yields of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 21.52%, 9.33%, and 2.90%, and their total phenols contents were 182.08, 176.33, and 177.08 mg CAE/g, respectively, with cichoric acid (62.07 - 66.57 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. No differences in the contents of individual and total caffeic acids derivates existed among 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts. The dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10(E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamide 8/9) contents of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 505.38, 598.61, and 585.99 &#181g/g, respectively. In multi-batches extraction, the extracted dry weight increased with increasing the sample batches, with the extraction yields and alkamide 8/9 contents of samples decreased from 19.93% to 12.98% and 534.36 to 269.76 &#181g/g, respectively. The total phenol (177.25 - 186.92 mg CAE/g), individual and total caffeic acid derivatives (85.99 - 95.06 mg/g) contents of extracts among different sample batches were not significantly different, with cichoric acid (63.66 - 70.31 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. All the prepared extracts also exhibited potent antioxidant properties. Overall, the two-step sequential extraction is desirable for extracting bioactive compounds from freeze-dried E. purpurea flower.

Determination of Cichoric Acid as a Biomarker in Echinacea Purpurea Cultivated in Iran Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Echinacea purpurea (Purple coneflower) is an immunostimulating drug, containing multiple substances. The most important substance in activity is polysaccharide, caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid), alkamides and glycoproteins. It is not clear yet, which substances are responsible for activity. Cichoric acid is an appropriate marker of the quality of Echinacea purpurea containing product, because it has immune stimulatory effects and it is susceptible to degradation. In this study a TLC scanner system and HPLC method has been used for identification and determination of cichoric acid in aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea. The results showed that the cichoric acid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Iran is about 1.50 &#177;0.65% (w/w) which is comparable with cichoric acid content in native plants. The local conditions have no significant effect on cichoric acid content as a biomarker of Echinacea purpurea quality.

Co-cultured adventitious roots of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via MAPK pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages

Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory activities and potential mechanisms of Co-cultured ARs were studied.Methods:The experimental materials were obtained by bioreactor co-culture technology and used in the activity research.In this study,mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used as in vitro model.Different concentrations of AR extract(50-400 g/mL) were used to treat cells.The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) phosphorylation,and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-a levels were determined by the Western blot analysis.Results:In the co-cultured ARs,total flavonoids and total caffeic acid were determined,and the contents of both bioactive compounds were significantly higher than those ARs from the single-species culture.Compared with the control group,the large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators was released after LPS stimulation.However,in the extract groups with different concentrations(25,50,and 100 g/mL),the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,the levels of phosphorylation of MAPK proteins,including p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p-extracellular regulated protein kinases were significantly(P <0.05) decreased in the extract groups,revealing that the AR extract probably involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion:Collectively,our findings suggested that the co-cultured ARs of E.pallida and E.purpurea can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages and possess the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MAPK signaling pathways.

新外来中药紫锥菊对虚热证虚寒证小鼠甲状腺激素和物质能量代谢的影响

目的:考察紫锥菊水提物对虚寒、虚热证小鼠内分泌激素、物质能量代谢水平的影响,探讨紫锥菊水提物的药性。方法:将KM雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、虚热模型组、虚热西洋参组、虚热紫锥菊水提物低剂量组、虚热紫锥菊水提物高剂量组、虚寒模型组、虚寒人参组、虚寒紫锥菊水提物低剂量组、虚寒紫锥菊水提物高剂量组;虚热模型组小鼠每天灌胃甲状腺片水溶液(160 mg/kg),虚寒模型组小鼠灌胃氢化可的松溶液(25 mg/kg),1次/d,连续14 d制备虚热、虚寒模型,各给药组灌胃相应药物。检测各组小鼠血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_(3))、甲状腺素(T_(4))、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)以及血糖(GLU)等指标变化,比色法检测小鼠肝脏乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶活力,采用实时聚合酶链反应法检测小鼠肝组织细胞色素c氧化酶7A2(COX7A2)、琥珀酸脱氢酶复合体D亚基(SDHD)mRNA表达情况。结果:与虚热模型组比较,紫锥菊水提物对虚热小鼠整体状态有一定程度改善,体质量和脾脏指数有所改善(P<0.05),T_(3)、T_(4)水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),TP、ALB、GLU、LDH的水平显著升高(P<0.01),SDH、Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶、COX7A2、SDHD mRNA的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),紫锥菊水提物与寒凉性质的西洋参表现出相似的作用;与虚寒模型组比较,紫锥菊水提物对虚寒小鼠整体状态、胸腺指数以及脾脏指数无明显改善,紫锥菊水提物高剂量显著升高SDH、Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶水平(P<0.01),而紫锥菊水提物对虚寒小鼠T_(3)、T_(4)、TP、ALB、TC、TG、GLU、COX7A2 mRNA、SDHD mRNA表达水平的调节不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),紫锥菊水提物与温热性质的人参作用趋于相反。结论:紫锥菊水提物性凉,可能是紫锥菊寒凉药性的物质基础。

新外来中药紫锥菊清泻肺热治疗急性肺炎及其机制研究

目的:研究新外来中药紫锥菊清泻肺热功效和归肺经的中药药性。方法:将56只Wistar大鼠分为空白组、模型组、地塞米松组、紫锥菊醇提物低剂量组、紫锥菊醇提物高剂量组、紫锥菊水提物低剂量组、紫锥菊水提物高剂量组,每组8只。除空白组外,其余各组大鼠灌胃相应药物14 d,最后1 d雾化吸入脂多糖制备急性肺炎模型。检测各组大鼠肺湿/干质量比、肺泡灌洗液中白细胞总数、外周血相关炎症细胞占比、血清炎症介质水平、环腺苷酸(cAMP)水平、氧化应激水平、大鼠肺部病理变化、大鼠右下肺组织TLR4、核因子κB(NF-κB)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)、核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2) mRNA表达水平。结果:与模型组大鼠比较,紫锥菊醇提物组大鼠肺部病理减轻,肺湿/干质量比显著降低(P<0.05),肺泡灌洗液和外周血中白细胞(WBC)显著降低(P<0.05),炎症介质肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6显著降低(P<0.05),抑炎因子IL-10显著升高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)显著升高(P<0.05),cAMP显著降低(P<0.05),NF-κB、HO-1、Nrf2 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),TLR4mRNA表达无统计学意义;紫锥菊水提物高剂量组大鼠肺部病理表现为肺泡毛细血管轻度充血和扩张,炎症细胞浸润,局部性肺泡间隔增厚情况减少,肺湿/干质量比显著降低(P<0.05),外周血中WBC显著降低(P<0.05),炎症介质TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6显著降低(P<0.05),抑炎因子IL-10显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)、GSH-Px显著升高(P<0.05),cAMP显著降低(P<0.05),NF-κB、HO-1、Nrf2 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),TLR4mRNA表达无统计学意义。结论:紫锥菊对急性肺炎有预防作用,作用机制与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量及NF-κB、HO-1、Nrf2 mRNA表达水平有关。从中医理论分析,与紫锥菊归肺经、清泻肺热的特点有关。

不同施肥量和种植密度对紫锥菊质量的影响

[目的]探究紫锥菊(Echinacea purpurea(L.)Moench)在陕西省凤县的应用潜力及栽培技术。[方法]于2022-2023年开展大田试验,采用二裂式裂区试验设计,以施肥量为主区,共设5个处理F0~F4(施肥量依次为酵母源烟茎生物有机肥:0、1200、2100、3000、3900 kg·hm^(-2);酵母源有机无机复混肥:0、360、630、900、1170 kg·hm^(-2));移栽密度为裂区,设置2个水平,D1(63000窝·hm^(-2))和D2(31500窝·hm^(-2)),平均每窝种植3株,分别在2022年10月、2023年7月和2023年10月采样,测定不同处理紫锥菊株高、茎粗、开花枝条数、叶绿素含量、地上部分干重、根干重等生物学性状,以及地上部分和地下部分菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、黄酮、多糖含量和紫锥菊药材产量等指标。[结果]在同一施肥条件下,随着种植密度的增加,紫锥菊的各生物学性状指标降低,除多糖含量以外其它有效成分含量及药材产量随种植密度的增加而增加;在同一栽培密度下,随着施肥量的增加,各生物学性状指标、有效成分含量及药材产量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。施肥量、种植密度以及施肥量和种植密度的互作效应对紫锥菊菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、黄酮、多糖含量和紫锥菊药材产量有显著影响(P<0.05)。紫锥菊地上部分菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、黄酮含量高于地下部分,而地下部分多糖含量高于地上部分,并且以2023年7月采收的紫锥菊质量及产量最佳。其中F1D1、F2D1处理组有较高的产量及有效成分含量。[结论]推荐紫锥菊种植时施1200~2100kg·hm^(-2)酵母源烟茎生物有机肥和360~630kg·hm^(-2)酵母源有机无机复混肥,种植密度为每公顷63000窝(种植株距为30 cm,行距为60 cm),以获得较高品质和产量的紫锥菊药材。

近三倍非整倍体紫锥菊的染色体加倍

[目的]建立高效的紫锥菊(Echinacea purpurea L.)非整倍体离体诱导加倍的方法,为紫锥菊育种和遗传学研究提供创新性种质。[方法]采用离体诱导方法,比较4个紫锥菊近三倍非整倍体株系(C31,2n=31;C32-1,2n=32;C32-2,2n=32;C34,2n=34)在不同前处理持续时间、不同秋水仙素处理浓度和处理持续时间条件下的加倍诱导效果的差异。[结果]4个非整倍体株系的染色体加倍效果均随预处理时间的延长、秋水仙素处理浓度的提高及处理时间的延长而呈先上升后下降的趋势,并分别在预处理4 d、秋水仙素浓度120 mg/L、处理时间25 d时,获得最佳的诱变效果。根据根尖染色体计数鉴定的结果,由近三倍非整倍体C31、C32-1、C32-2、C34株系加倍获得的近六倍非整倍体染色体数目分别为2n=62、2n=64、2n=64、2n=68,其植株形态与原植物相比,均表现为生长缓慢,植株矮化,叶片增厚、反卷、脆硬,叶表皮毛茸增长、加密,叶柄缩短,生根缓慢,根短而粗,侧根少甚至无等特点。[结论]秋水仙素可成功诱导近三倍非整倍体紫锥菊加倍成为近六倍的高倍非整倍体;秋水仙素诱导的非整倍体染色体加倍和整倍体相同,即每条染色体都实现了加倍,不受非整倍体中各号染色体原来数量不尽相同所影响。

A Monoterpene Glycoside from Ehinacea purpurea

Aim To separate and identify chemical constituents of Ehinacea purpurea . Methods Five compounds were isolated from the plant using chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy. Results Five compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 2, 6 dimethyl 7 octene 2, 3, 6 triol 2 O β D glucopyranoside (1), 7, 8 furocoumarin (2), 6 methoxy 7 hydroxycoumarin (3), caffeic acid (4), methyl caffeate (5), and ethyl caffeate (6). Conclusion All these compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.

紫锥菊颗粒对海兰褐蛋雏鸡生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加紫锥菊颗粒对海兰褐蛋雏鸡生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重相近、健康的16日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡153只,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复17只雏鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组分别在基础饲粮中添加1 g/kg和2 g/kg的紫锥菊颗粒,连续服用14 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验2组的平均日增重提高了1.6%,平均日采食量降低了1.1%,料重比降低了2.7%。与对照组相比,试验2组的胸腺重显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验1组、试验2组的心脏指数分别提高了4.35%和0.62%,法氏囊指数分别提高了5.00%和12.89%,胸腺指数显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验2组的血清球蛋白(GLB)、总蛋白(TP)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著升高(P<0.05),甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加紫锥菊颗粒能够提高海兰褐蛋雏鸡的生长性能和器官指数,改善血清生化指标,从而进一步提高免疫功能,2 g/kg的添加效果最佳。

紫锥菊提取物对大鼠湿热泄泻的疗效及其机制

本研究通过建立大鼠湿热泄泻模型,探讨紫锥菊提取物(EPE)对湿热泄泻大鼠的疗效,为紫锥菊提取物防治湿热泄泻提供科学依据。采用“内外湿热+大肠杆菌”建立大鼠湿热泄泻,分别给予1、3 g·kg^(-1)剂量EPE治疗,采用临床症状评分评价疾病模型,测定各组大鼠血常规、血生化、血清炎性因子、脏器指数与结肠相关基因表达水平,并对大鼠器官进行病理组织学观察。结果表明,造模后大鼠被毛蓬松、精神萎靡,扎堆,懒动,眼周出现分泌物,大便溏泄,色黄恶臭,肛周污秽。给药6 d后,高、低剂量EPE组与阳性药物组大鼠精神、饮食及临床表现均恢复正常。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠的心、脾、肺指数显著上升(P<0.05),血液中红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)显著降低(P<0.05);血清中尿素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平显著降低(P<0.05),IL-6、IL^(-1)7、IL-23水平显著上升(P<0.05),TGF-β、IL-2、IL^(-1)0水平显著下降(P<0.05);结肠TGF-β1与Foxp3 mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05),RORγt mRNA表达显著上升(P<0.05);心出现大面积出血瘀血,肝水肿,脾水肿及陈旧性出血,肾出现炎性细胞增生与蛋白尿的沉积。与模型组相比,高、低剂量EPE组的心指数、脾指数、肺指数显著降低(P<0.05),血液HCT显著升高(P<0.05),血清尿素、总胆固醇(TC)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)水平显著升高(P<0.05),血清IL^(-1)7、IL-23水平显著下降(P<0.05),TGF-β水平显著上升(P<0.05);结肠TGF-β1与Foxp3 mRNA表达显著上升(P<0.05),RORγt mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.05)。高、低剂量EPE组的脏器细胞损伤有所恢复。紫锥菊提取物能通过降低血脂、调节血清炎性因子水平及改善脏器功能以缓解大鼠湿热泄泻。

紫锥菊提取物联合柳氮磺吡啶对湿热泄泻大鼠Th17/Treg免疫失衡的影响

本研究采用紫锥菊提取物与柳氮磺吡啶治疗湿热泄泻大鼠,探讨中西药物结合对大鼠湿热泄泻的疗效,为湿热泄泻疾病的治疗提供科学依据。大鼠随机分为5组,除空白组外,其余大鼠采用“内外湿热+大肠杆菌”建立湿热泄泻大鼠模型,随后紫锥菊提取物组、柳氮黄吡啶组和中西结合组大鼠分别给予1 g·kg^(-1)紫锥菊提取物、0.1 g·kg^(-1)柳氮磺吡啶、1 g·kg^(-1)紫锥菊提取物+0.1 g·kg^(-1)柳氮磺吡啶,采用临床症状评分评价疾病模型,测定各组大鼠血清炎性因子及外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中Th17/Treg细胞比例。结果表明,造模后大鼠精神不佳,饮食量下降,运动量减少,被毛粗糙泛黄,排出黄褐色软便。给药6 d后,紫锥菊提取物组、柳氮磺吡啶组与中西结合组大鼠精神、饮食及临床表现均恢复正常。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠血清中IL-17、IL-23水平显著升高(P<0.05),血清中TGF-β、IL-10水平显著降低(P<0.05);PBMCs中Th17细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05),Treg细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05),Th17/Treg比例显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,紫锥菊提取物组与中西结合组大鼠血清中IL-17、IL-23水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清中TGF-β水平显著升高(P<0.05);大鼠PBMCs中Th17细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05),Treg细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05),Th17/Treg比例显著降低(P<0.05)。综上,紫锥菊提取物结合柳氮磺吡啶通过对相关细胞因子的调控降低湿热泄泻模型大鼠失衡的Th17/Treg比例,从而缓解大鼠湿热泄泻。

紫锥菊近三倍体的非整倍体离体扩繁能力分析

因在紫锥菊二、四倍体杂交过程中发现了接近三倍体的非整倍体株系,以其中4个非整倍体株系[染色体数目分别为31条(CN_(31))、32条(CN_(32-1))、32条(CN_(32-2))和34条(CN_(34))]为材料,采用组织培养方式,系统性地开展离体扩繁能力研究。结果表明:4个紫锥菊非整倍体株系及3种外植体对BA、NAA的敏感度不同,CN_(31)的3种外植体的有效不定芽诱导能力优于其他3个非整倍体株系;DA-6对4个非整倍体株系3种外植体有效不定芽诱导能力的提升不明显;4个非整倍体株系的3种外植体在1/2MS或MS培养基中会诱导出较多的有效不定芽;CN_(31)自身玻璃化严重,添加2.5%(w)土豆泥后有效不定芽数最多;CN_(32-1)、CN_(32-2)、CN_(34)自身玻璃化不严重,添加土豆泥对有效不定芽诱导能力的提升作用不明显。短暂的暗培养可以有效提升叶片、叶柄和根外植体有效不定芽的诱导能力,对CN_(31)的提升效果更为明显;4个非整倍体株系在添加0.05或0.08 mg/L NAA培养的根系发达,整体表现出最佳生长状态。