Comparative Analysis on Eco-Efficiency of Arable Land Ecological Footprint in Hubei

This paper uses the ecological footprint model to make comparison of the eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint in different years in Hubei Province, and makes comparison of that in Hubei and some countries. The results indicate that, since 1965, the eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint in Hubei has been improved year by year. However, the efficiency of arable land ecological footprint, compared with some other areas in the world, is much lower. In 1965, average eco-efficiency of world arable land ecological footprint is 3 421 US dollar/hm^2 while that of Hubei Province is 134 US dollar/hm^2, about 1/26 of the world＇s average level. The eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint for 2003 in Hubei Province, however, has become about 1/9 of the world＇s average level for the same year. Finally the author puts forward the ways to raise the eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint.

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in business,limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers.Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency,an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study.The indicator system comprises 22 indicators,which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development,resources consumption, environmental pressure.As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District.The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003.Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends.The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979,which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources.The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997,due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years.Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production,so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability.The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.

Agricultural Eco-efficiency Evaluation in Anhui Province: An Empirical Analysis Based on DEA Method

According to the eco-efficiency theory, combined with agricultural production characteristics, I point out the environmental impact and substance energy consumption characteristics of agricultural production. Based on this, I establish the eco-efficiency evaluation indicator system for agricultural production, and conduct a comprehensive analysis on the agricultural eco-efficiency of 17 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province, using data envelopment analysis method.

Analysis of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Henan Province

In order to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, China, based on the footprint theory, the super-efficiency SBM model is used to scientifically calculate and analyze the agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are quantitatively analyzed by using the grey incidence analysis model. The results show that unilaterally considering one of grey water footprints and carbon footprints will overestimate or underestimate the agricultural eco-efficiency of Henan Province in different degrees in different time periods, and the agricultural eco-efficiency obtained by comprehensively considering grey water footprint and carbon footprint (GWCAEE) is more in line with the reality of agricultural development in Henan Province. In 2000-2004, GWCAEE in Henan Province was better. During 2005-2014, GWCAEE in Henan Province showed a fluctuating decline and continued to be in an inefficient state. From 2015 to 2019, GWCAEE of Henan Province gradually increased, and it became effective in 2019. In recent years, GWCAEE has developed well. Through the grey incidence analysis between 12 influencing factors including endogenous factors and exogenous factors and GWCAEE, it is found that the six leading factors of GWCAEE in Henan Province are agricultural structure, financial input for agriculture, number of agricultural employees, crop sown area, consumption of chemical pesticide, consumption of agricultural diesel oil. According to the above research conclusions, suggestions for improving agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are put forward.

The Efficiency of Multi-Range Hydro-Mechanical Stepless Transmission

Aim To determine efficiency of multi-range hydro-mechanical stepless transmis- sion(HMT).Methods Ageneral model of HMT was of HMT was structured.On the basis of power flow analysis, the efficiency was obtained,Results efficiency of multi-range HMT changes continuously with output speed in speed range and is higher than the highest point of the hydraulic efficiency,The volumetric efficiency can potentially result in the speed fluctuation, which can be reduced or eliminated through controlling the ratio of the displacements ofhydraulic unity properly or changing the point of range exchanging .And the mechanical- constant output torque or different output torque under the condition of constant pressure when the transmission works in different parts of a range,Conclusion The multi-range HMT is an ideal stepless transmission with high efficiency.

数字经济对生态效率的非线性影响--基于门槛效应的检验

数字经济与生态环境是关乎中国式现代化发展的重要议题。本文从数字产业化与产业数字化两个维度,运用熵权法对中国30个省(区、市)2011—2021年数字经济发展水平进行测度,并利用双向固定效应、门槛效应等方法实证分析了数字经济对生态效率的影响。研究发现:数字经济显著促进了生态效率的提升,且这一结论通过了工具变量法、调整样本期和改变模型设定等稳健性检验;数字经济对生态效率的促进效应具有非线性关系,存在以数字经济、环境规制强度为门槛变量的单一门槛效应;进一步的异质性分析表明,数字经济对生态效率的促进效应、单一门槛效应以及“边际效应”递增的非线性特征在南方地区和不同数字经济维度下显著。最后,根据研究结论就如何发展数字经济提升生态效率的路径提出政策建议。

碳排放权交易对试点地区绿色发展的影响及溢出效应——基于PSM-DID和SDID模型的实证分析

在碳中和、碳达峰背景下,本文选用2003~2021年全国273个地级市的面板数据,以碳排放权交易试点(CETP)为出发点,用生态效率测度绿色发展水平,通过PSM-DID和SDID模型实证检验了CETP对绿色发展的直接效应、间接效应和空间溢出效应。研究发现:(1)CETP能显著促进绿色发展,且通过了安慰剂检验和稳健性检验;(2)CETP产生的创新效应对绿色发展有推动作用,但产业结构效应不显著;(3)CETP对周边试点城市产生了显著负向的溢出效应,但对非试点城市的生态效率无明显影响。最后,结合以上研究结论,提出了政策建议。

Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang,northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.

不同氮肥类型对稻-油轮作氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响

水稻-油菜(稻-油)轮作是我国代表性轮作方式之一,然而不合理的氮肥施用导致稻-油轮作系统氮肥利用率下降和氮素流失。为此,本研究采用随机区组设计,以不施氮肥(CK)为对照,设尿素(UF)、缓释肥+尿素(SF)、尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂(DF)和生物炭+尿素(BF)4个处理,拟探明不同氮肥类型对稻-油轮作系统氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,不同氮肥类型显著影响NH_3挥发、氮肥利用率与作物产量。1)各处理水稻季氨挥发均高于油菜季。与CK相比,UF、SF、DF和BF处理周年累积NH_3挥发量分别显著提高1.6倍、1.0倍、1.1倍和0.8倍。与UF相比,SF、DF和BF周年累积NH_3挥发量分别显著降低20.5%、19.7%和30.9%。2)与UF相比,SF、DF和BF油菜季氮肥吸收利用率分别提高27.9%、10.3%和19.3%,水稻季氮肥吸收利用率分别提高49.3%、32.8%和41.5%。3)与UF相比,SF、DF和BF油菜产量分别提高6.7%、2.8%和4.3%,水稻产量分别提高36.7%、14.0%和23.4%。与UF相比,SF油菜季经济效益提高24.3%,SF、DF和BF水稻季经济效益分别提高70.7%、21.1%和1.1%,其中SF经济效益最高。本研究结果表明,缓释肥+尿素能显著减少稻-油轮作NH_3挥发损失,并更有效地提高氮肥利用率、作物产量和经济效益,是一项经济生态的施肥模式。

黄河上游城乡居民食物代谢过程及资源环境效应研究--以兰州市为例

基于环境足迹理论,以兰州市为例,对比分析了1990—2020年城镇和农村居民食物代谢过程及其资源环境效应的动态演变规律及城乡差异性,并结合相关文献,提出了融合四种环境足迹(水、碳、氮、磷)的综合评价指标“生态效率”,弥补了当前食物消费环境影响研究中各个足迹独立评价的不足。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,兰州市居民食物消费结构发生了巨大改变,由“温饱型”的植物源食物消费为主逐渐转变为“小康型”动植物源食物并重模式。(2)1990—2020年,城镇居民食物消费环境足迹大体呈上涨趋势,农村居民食物消费环境足迹却在下降。(3)相较于1990年,2020年城镇地区生态效率提高了0.9倍,农村地区提高了0.5倍,这主要得益于人们消费结构的改变和兰州市农业体系的调整和农业技术的优化。在此基础上,本研究提出一系列措施来进一步提高生态效率,优化代谢进程。

“边境-粮食-生态”安全视域下耕地利用生态效率演变特征与机制——以中越边境地区为例

明晰耕地利用生态效率的驱动机理是深化土地科学前沿探索、优化粮食安全发展格局的关键基础。建构“边境-粮食-生态”安全框架,采用非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算2000—2020年中越边境地区耕地利用生态效率,通过泰尔指数研究其演变特征和区域差异,并运用动态面板系统GMM模型揭示耕地利用生态效率的驱动机制。结果表明:(1)中越边境地区耕地利用生态效率指数总体呈现“先升-后降-再升”的变化趋势,整体处在中等效率水平,空间表现为“北高-南低”分布格局,省际差异是造成区域差异的主要原因。(2)化肥使用过量、劳动力过剩和碳排放增加是造成中越边境地区耕地投入产出要素松弛、耕地利用生态效率损失的重要因素。(3)中越边境地区耕地利用生态效率由多因子交互作用驱动,地形坡度、城镇化、边境贸易水平、财政支农水平是提高耕地利用生态效率的积极因素,水土流失率、工业化和劳均耕地规模对耕地利用生态效率具有抑制效应。中越边境地区亟需优化耕地经营投入结构,向“投入优-产出高-排放低”方向转型,构建边境粮农稳态格局,促进边境地区长足稳定高质量发展。

The Use of Organic Waste as an Eco-Efficient Energy Source in Ghana

The problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) management has been an issue of global concern in recent times and has engaged governments and local authorities in their quest to manage solid waste in a sustained manner. One proposition which has the potential of solving three problems at the same time is the use of the biodegradable component of MSW as a source of energy to augment energy supply. This research therefore assessed the use of the organic fraction of MSW as an eco-efficient energy source in Ghana. A study of Ghana’s solid waste profile was undertaken and the fraction of biodegradable component was found to be approximately 60%, with a heating value of 17 MJ/kg and a moisture content of 50%. Moreover, it was established that 0.5 kg of solid waste is generated daily by each Ghanaian, meaning that about 5610 tons of the organic fraction could be made available every day to generate energy to the national grid. It was also established that waste disposal in Ghana is largely by way of open dumping as primary collection of waste from households in Ghana is limited to high-income communities which represent only 11% of the population, whereas secondary collection from transfer points to the disposal facilities is inefficient. With representative power output of 1.66 MWh/tonne a total of 3320 GWh of energy can be produced annually from the 4 proposed plants, generating net revenue of about $111,600,000. As an optimizing step, a waste incineration scheme was suggested in which the off-gases produced from organic waste combustion could be used to produce electrical power with steam in a multi-stage heat exchanger-steam turbine configuration, and the off gases again used for pre-drying of the organic waste in a cycle. A state-of-the art waste incineration technology was used as a model and adapted to suit Ghana’s tropical conditions. MSW combustion releases less CO2 for the same power output (837 Ib/MWh) than any of the other conventional fuels do, and is therefore a good fuel for the fight against climate change.

Evaluation and Analysis of Ecological Efficiency from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization:A Case Study of Hubei Province

Nowadays,Hubei Province pays more attention to sustainable development with the purpose of building green province. Therefore,in the construction process of ecological civilization in Hubei Province,how to get the optimal economic output with minimum resource consumption and minor environment damage is one of the most urgent problems. Based on the panel data of 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2014,the Malmquist Productivity Index( MPI) was used to calculate the eco-efficiency of 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province. According to the analyzed results,it was found that there was a downward trend of ecological efficiency in Hubei Province during the study period. As for the overall environmental production situation of the whole province in this period,results showed that environmental production efficiency was improved while the level of environmental production technology has decreased greatly. This phenomenon maybe result from different speed,because the speed of technical efficiency improvement was less than the extent of technology decline,which finally led that the Hubei Province's environmental productivity declined.

Towards an Eco-Efficient Development Strategy that Minimises the Risks Associated with the Location of Gas Stations in Human Settlements: A Fuzzy PROMETHEE Method

Evaluating real world situations in risky environments based on various qualitative/quantitative criteria in order to suggest a strategy/policy among available options is one of the critical challenges in incident management. Such is the case when considering an eco-efficient development strategy that can minimize the risk associated with the location of gas stations in human settlements. Taking the Douala city of Cameroon as an example, four actions were evaluated, including the options of relocating the gas stations, putting in place of emergency response plan in gas stations, and relocation of households subject to a group of four criteria. Data were collected via personal communication with decision-makers using a five-point Likert scale. The market values of buildings subject to expropriation were estimated based on order No. 0082/Y. 15.1/MNUH/D of 20 November 1987 of the ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Cameroon. The financial costs incurred in establishing a gas station were an average value obtained from a sample of 80 gas stations randomly selected among those whose locations do not comply with existing regulations. These amounts were obtained from their financial records, while the value of putting in place an emergency action plan was obtained from the current market value of the equipment required. The algorithm of PROMETHEE under the usual criterion function was implemented. The results suggested that putting in place an emergency response plan could minimize relocation costs, maximize profits/welfare, and maximize environmental quality, and minimize social impacts, and was therefore considered as the most preferred alternative. Sensitivity analyses of results further confirmed that implementation of emergency response plan is the most preferred alternative.

基于ECO-HC改进的运动目标跟踪方法研究

针对ECO(Efficient Convolution Operators)方法在背景变化及自身非刚性变换条件下容易跟踪失败的问题,提出一种改进的ECO跟踪方法 .首先通过高效卷积操作对输入图像进行特征提取和多特征融合;然后对融合后的特征矩阵进行相关性运算,获取跟踪目标;最后在滤波器更新部分嵌入一种置信度量的校验机制,评估当前帧的跟踪效果,根据校验结果来判断是否对滤波器的样本模型予以更新.在数据集OTB-50上的对比实验结果表明,相比于基线方法,该方法的精确度提升3. 4%,成功率提升3. 8%,有效降低了各种干扰对滤波器的影响.

基于ECO-HC的无人机指定行人稳定实时跟踪

针对无人机(UAV)指定行人跟踪中目标遮挡严重、尺度变化大的问题,提出一种基于无人机指定行人稳定实时跟踪算法,即ECO-HC跟踪算法。提取方向梯度直方图(f HOG)和颜色(CN)特征,利用高效卷积算子(ECO)跟踪算法中训练样本的内插模型使其f HOG特征和CN特征融合;利用分解卷积算子、紧凑训练样本模型和稀疏模型更新策略降低过拟合风险,减少算法复杂度,其响应分数最大值的位置即为目标中心位置;引入快速尺度滤波方法自适应得到目标尺寸最优估计,提高跟踪精度。实验选取60段公开行人数据库,结果均优于近年其他4种优秀跟踪算法,其中平均距离精度(mean DP)和平均重叠率精度(mean OP)分别为83. 2%和87. 3%,平均速度为56. 3帧/s。对于无人机拍摄的自建行人数据库,亦具有良好的鲁棒性和实时的处理速度。

“双碳”目标下区域生态效率评价及提升路径研究--以长江经济带为例

长江经济带的城市生态效率表现出明显的区域性特征。通过非期望产出超效率SBM模型,对2012—2020年长江经济带11个省市的城市生态效率进行测算,采用Malmquist指数和Tobit模型,对测算结果进行分析,并探究影响城市生态效率的因素。结果表明,区域的生态效率整体上自东向西逐渐降低,空间集聚效应明显;科学技术是长江经济带生态效率的主要增长点;同时,人均国内生产总值对长江经济带城市生态效率的影响通过1%的显著性检验,影响明显。应处理好经济发展与生态保护的关系,控制来自生活、工业的污染;要发展信息和自动化产业,以绿色、集约、高科技为重点,加快传统产业转型升级;坚持绿色发展、生态优先的理念,依靠科技进步提高资本和人力的产出效率。

Highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on g-C_3N_4 decorated with vopc through π-π interaction

Photocatalytic H2 evolution reactions on pristine graphitic carbon nitrides(g-C3N4),as a promising approach for converting solar energy to fuel,are attractive for tackling global energy concerns but still suffer from low efficiencies.In this article,we report a tractable approach to modifying g-C3N4 with vanadyl phthalocyanine(VOPc/CN)for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen production.A non-covalent VOPc/CN hybrid photocatalyst formed viaπ-πstacking interactions between the two components,as confirmed by analysis of UV-vis absorption spectra.The VOPc/CN hybrid photocatalyst shows excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance and good stability.Under optimal conditions,the corresponding H2 evolution rate is nearly 6 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4.The role of VOPc in promoting hydrogen evolution activity was to extend the visible light absorption range and prevent the recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs effectively.It is expected that this facile modification method could be a new inspiration for the rational design and exploration of g-C3N4-based hybrid systems with strong light absorption and high-efficiency carrier separation.

A Simple and Highly Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Rivastigmine

A highly efficient and convenient procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine, a cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and dementia due to Parkinson’s disease, is accomplished by the treatment of versatile, readily accessible (S)-(-)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide with 3-hydroxyacetophenone. This protocol provides high yield and excellent enantiomeric excess in short step synthesis.

车-路-云融合的智能混合动力汽车节能驾驶技术研究进展与挑战

随着汽车的智能化与网联化,混合动力汽车的节能驾驶技术已由单纯的动力总成能量管理向涵盖车-路-云一体化的综合控制演化,基于车速规划的经济性驾驶与基于路径规划的经济性路由可显著提高汽车的节油率。介绍了现有混合动力汽车的典型节能驾驶技术,指出了节能驾驶技术的商业价值及其节油潜力;归纳总结了经济性驾驶的研究现状,引出了路径规划对于能耗的重要影响;从能耗模型构建、路径优化问题建立和求解算法三方面系统梳理了经济性路由的研究现状,指明了其研究思路;探究讨论了多车混合经济性路由问题,为物流配送车辆的经济性调度提供了优化思路;对混合动力汽车节能驾驶技术的发展趋势进行展望。