Comparative Analysis on Eco-Efficiency of Arable Land Ecological Footprint in Hubei

This paper uses the ecological footprint model to make comparison of the eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint in different years in Hubei Province, and makes comparison of that in Hubei and some countries. The results indicate that, since 1965, the eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint in Hubei has been improved year by year. However, the efficiency of arable land ecological footprint, compared with some other areas in the world, is much lower. In 1965, average eco-efficiency of world arable land ecological footprint is 3 421 US dollar/hm^2 while that of Hubei Province is 134 US dollar/hm^2, about 1/26 of the world＇s average level. The eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint for 2003 in Hubei Province, however, has become about 1/9 of the world＇s average level for the same year. Finally the author puts forward the ways to raise the eco-efficiency of arable land ecological footprint.

黄河上游城乡居民食物代谢过程及资源环境效应研究--以兰州市为例

基于环境足迹理论,以兰州市为例,对比分析了1990—2020年城镇和农村居民食物代谢过程及其资源环境效应的动态演变规律及城乡差异性,并结合相关文献,提出了融合四种环境足迹(水、碳、氮、磷)的综合评价指标“生态效率”,弥补了当前食物消费环境影响研究中各个足迹独立评价的不足。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,兰州市居民食物消费结构发生了巨大改变,由“温饱型”的植物源食物消费为主逐渐转变为“小康型”动植物源食物并重模式。(2)1990—2020年,城镇居民食物消费环境足迹大体呈上涨趋势,农村居民食物消费环境足迹却在下降。(3)相较于1990年,2020年城镇地区生态效率提高了0.9倍,农村地区提高了0.5倍,这主要得益于人们消费结构的改变和兰州市农业体系的调整和农业技术的优化。在此基础上,本研究提出一系列措施来进一步提高生态效率,优化代谢进程。

Eco-sustainability Assessment of Building Projects Based on Eco-footprint

The life-cycle eco-footprint computing model of building projects was established in the study. It contained the eco-footprint in 4 aspects during the lifecycle: consumed energy, consumed resource, emitted carbon dioxide and produced solid waste. Space efficiency of life-cycle eco-footprint index was proposed and used to assess the eco-sustainability of building projects. Then, the eco-footprint and ecosustainability of 4 different structure types(brick-concrete bungalow, multi-storey brick-concrete, multistorey steel-concrete, high-rise steel-concrete) for residential building in severely cold areas were investigated. The results indicated that: 1) Compared with bungalow, high-rise building with relatively smaller shape coefficient and window-wall ratio had higher eco-sustainability; 2) For the buildings with the same storey, shape coefficient and window-wall ratio, steel-concrete building had higher eco-sustainability than brickconcrete building; 3) High-rise steel-concrete structure had the greatest eco-sustainability during the 4 different bui lding structures, so it was more suitable to promote.

Calculation and Analysis of Ecological Footprint in Hefei City during the Period 2005-2010

This paper carries out calculation and analysis of various kinds of ecological footprint and 104 yuan GDP in Hefei City during the period 2005-2010,and the results show that in recent years,the industrial economic development in Hefei City is accelerated,people's living standards are improved,and the momentum of urbanization is gathered.At the same time,as the resource utilization rate is increased year by year,the city's economic development has already begun to be resource-intensive.

Using Support Vector Machine to Predict Eco-environment Burden:A Case Study of Wuhan,Hubei Province,China

Objective The human socio-economic development depends on the planet＇s natural capital. Humans have had a considerable impact on the earth, such as resources depression and environment deterioration. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of socio-economic development on the ecological environment of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, during the general planning period 2006-2020. Methods Support vector machine （SVM） model was constructed to simulate the process of eco-economic system of Wuhan. Socio-economic factors of urban total ecological footprint （TEF） were selected by partial least squares （PLS） and leave-one-out cross validation （LOOCV）. Historical data of socio-economic factors as inputs, and corresponding historical data of TEF as target outputs, were presented to identify and validate the SVM model. When predicted input data after 2005 were presented to trained model as generalization sets, TEFs of 2005, 2006,…, till 2020 were simulated as output in succession. Results Up to 2020, the district would have suffered an accumulative TEF of 28.374 million gha, which was over 1.5 times that of 2004 and nearly 3 times that of 1988. The per capita EF would be up to 3.019 gha in 2020. Contusions The simulation indicated that although the increase rate of GDP would be restricted in a lower level during the general planning period, urban ecological environment burden could not respond to the socio-economic circumstances promptly. SVM provides tools for dynamic assessment of regional eco-environment. However, there still exist limitations and disadvantages in the model. We believe that the next logical step in deriving better dynamic models of ecosystem is to integrate SVM and other algorithms or technologies.

Analysis of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Henan Province

In order to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, China, based on the footprint theory, the super-efficiency SBM model is used to scientifically calculate and analyze the agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are quantitatively analyzed by using the grey incidence analysis model. The results show that unilaterally considering one of grey water footprints and carbon footprints will overestimate or underestimate the agricultural eco-efficiency of Henan Province in different degrees in different time periods, and the agricultural eco-efficiency obtained by comprehensively considering grey water footprint and carbon footprint (GWCAEE) is more in line with the reality of agricultural development in Henan Province. In 2000-2004, GWCAEE in Henan Province was better. During 2005-2014, GWCAEE in Henan Province showed a fluctuating decline and continued to be in an inefficient state. From 2015 to 2019, GWCAEE of Henan Province gradually increased, and it became effective in 2019. In recent years, GWCAEE has developed well. Through the grey incidence analysis between 12 influencing factors including endogenous factors and exogenous factors and GWCAEE, it is found that the six leading factors of GWCAEE in Henan Province are agricultural structure, financial input for agriculture, number of agricultural employees, crop sown area, consumption of chemical pesticide, consumption of agricultural diesel oil. According to the above research conclusions, suggestions for improving agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are put forward.

Dynamic Comparison and Trend analysis of Southeast Guizhou's Experimental Area of Eco-civilization Construction and the National Eco-efficiency

In order to better understand the development level of eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction,we conduct dynamic comparison research of its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,using single ratio method based on the ecological footprint model,to grasp the gap between its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,so that we can take appropriate countermeasures to improve eco-efficiency. The results show that in the period 1978-2010,the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction was always lower than the national eco-efficiency; the long-time average annual value of its eco-efficiency was less than one half of that of the national eco-efficiency,with the absolute gap of 1 630. 095 yuan /hm 2 ,and the gap tended to widen year by year in the period 1978-2002 ( the gap increased from 276. 551 yuan /hm 2 in 1978 to peak of 3 227. 713 yuan /hm 2 in 2002,with an average annual increase of 118. 047 yuan /hm 2 ,and especially after 1992,the gap was particularly evident,with an average annual increase of 194.771 yuan/hm 2 ) ,but from 2003,the gap between the two tended to decrease. Based on the prediction results of grey system,in the period 2011-2025,the gap between the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction and the national eco-efficiency will gradually narrow,and from 2019, the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction will be higher than the national eco-efficiency.

1991-2008年中国贸易生态足迹的动态测度与分析

运用生态足迹法对1991-2008年中国的贸易生态足迹进行了测度。结果表明:1991-1994年中国的贸易生态足迹为盈余,出口贸易携带的生态足迹大于进口;1995年(1998年除外)之后,中国的贸易生态足迹为赤字,出口贸易携带的生态足迹小于进口;进出口贸易的生态足迹在波动中均有增长,贸易生态足迹弹性系数起伏较大。

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区2005-2019年生态足迹演变特征及其影响因素

[目的]统计分析黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的生态足迹与各类型土地利用状况,为该区的高质量发展提供对策建议。[方法]以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区19县市区为研究对象,采用生态足迹模型和因子探测器对黄河三角洲高效生态经济区2005-2019年生态足迹时空演变和影响因素进行定量分析。[结果]①研究区生态足迹自2010-2019年呈现较快上升态势,生态承载力缓慢提升,赤字有所扩大。②黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态足迹空间分布差异明显。区域发展阶段可分为平稳期、上升期和转型期,其中中部和西北部生态足迹明显高于东部和西南部。③各影响力存在明显差异,其中耕地生产和工业化发展对黄河三角洲区域生态足迹影响最强,其余因素影响程度依次为:人口密度>道路密度>城镇化率>水产养殖。[结论]①黄河三角洲高效生态经济区人均生态足迹整体变化趋势稳定,耕地与化石能源用地足迹占区域生态足迹较大比重;②区域生态足迹呈现由东部向中西部递增趋势,且高值区多集中于内陆地区和黄河沿线城市;③农业生产和工业生产为黄河三角洲高效生态经济区核心发展要素,水域开发利用对区域生态环境保护具有促进作用,应从耕地保护、产业链升级、数字赋能、生态修复方面寻找对策。

基于SD模型的张掖盆地水资源生态足迹核算与预测

根据水资源生态足迹模型,通过构建张掖盆地水资源利用SD模型,设计5类不同情景来核算和预测现状(2000—2020年)和未来(2021—2050年)张掖盆地水资源生态足迹和生态承载力。结果表明:对于现状,人均水资源生态足迹、生态承载力和生态盈亏均值分别为3.517、0.272和-3.245 hm^(2)/人,水资源生态压力指数和生态足迹强度均值分别为12.969和2.822 hm^(2)/104元;农业用水在张掖盆地水资源生态足迹核算中占绝对优势但占比在下降,农业领域是节水的重点且潜能较大;水资源生态足迹强度明显下降(降幅90.21%),证明了张掖盆地用水效率的上升;张掖盆地的水资源利用压力较大。平均而言,预测期内张掖盆地不同情景中人均水资源生态足迹均大于人均水资源生态承载力,由此导致人均水资源生态亏损的出现;各情景下水资源生态压力指数和生态足迹强度均值分别为12.932、13.483、10.055、12.698和9.846及0.281、0.206、0.201、0.281和0.196 hm^(2)/104元,未来时间里张掖盆地的水资源利用仍然处于不安全的状态。2021—2050年张掖盆地无法有效缓解水资源利用紧张的状况,需采用经济发展与水资源保护兼顾的发展方案,推荐政府部门采用情景ZS 5。因此,张掖盆地未来水资源利用需要全社会、各部门的通力合作,不断提高水资源利用效率,大力推进节约用水措施和技术的普及与应用,才能确保水资源的可持续利用。

基于灰水足迹的长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空分异特征

长江经济带面临水生态环境污染制约下的农业发展困境,水环境约束下耕地利用生态效率的提升成为平衡耕地利用中经济效益与生态效益的关键手段,对于探索生态可持续的耕地利用模式、实现农业绿色发展具有重要意义。该研究以灰水足迹为视角,基于SBM-Undesirable模型、空间自相关分析及马尔可夫链模型探明2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空格局及演变趋势。研究表明:1)长江经济带2000—2020年平均灰水足迹值呈现先增后减趋势,2015年后下降态势更为明显。在空间上呈现为“东西高,中部低”的空间分布特征,灰水足迹高值区域主要集中在粮食主产区省份。2)2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率持续下降,效率均值处于0.5~0.8之间,存在较大提升空间。在空间上呈现高值区域多沿水系分布的特点。3)长江经济带市域耕地利用生态效率存在显著空间正相关性,以研究时段演变趋势来看,耕地利用生态效率的演进存在路径依赖,难以实现“跨越式”提升。因受到邻域背景影响,在空间上易显现出“俱乐部收敛”现象,“高-高集聚”与“低-低集聚”分布更为常见。可在农业生产重点区域采用差异化精准农业模式,需重视区域间动态协同发展,完善联防联治的面源污染防控机制,积极引导耕地利用生态效率高值区域逐步形成集中连片,同时对于耕地利用生态效率低效区提供财政与政策支持。研究结果可为各地区探索耕地利用可持续发展模式与农业生产活动中水生态环境保护提供参考依据。

基于碳足迹的黑龙江省典型旅游区生态效率研究——以伊春市为例

此研究基于碳足迹方法,以伊春市为研究对象,从旅游全环节对生态效率进行分析。研究表明,随着旅游经济的增长旅游二氧化碳排放量也随之增加,旅游人数和季节性的变化对于旅游碳排放具有较大影响。旅游生态效率相对较好。优先实施碳排放约束措施,对于提升旅游生态效率有更好的效果,同时持续发展旅游经济和利用新技术、新发明等方式增大碳减排空间对于旅游业可持续发展具有良好的促进作用。此外,应以旅游业绿色低碳转型为切入点,激发旅游经济增长绿色动能,从而实现更高质量、更有效率、更可持续的发展。

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的TEM基因测序

目的 对产超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)的肺炎克雷伯菌 (Kpn)和大肠埃希菌 (Eco)的TEM基因进行序列测定。 方法 分A、B、C 3段扩增TEM基因 ,并对A、B、C 3段扩增产物进行四色荧光标记全自动测序。 结果 来源于呼吸道 (痰 )的 3株Kpn和分别来源于呼吸道 (痰 )、泌尿道 (尿 )、胆道 (胆汁 )和分泌物中的 1 1株Eco测得的TEM序列完全一致。 结论 被检测的来源于不同病灶、不同菌种(Kpn与Eco)的超广谱β -内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)含同种TEM的质粒。

无铅ECO弹性体胶料

该文针对福特公司和大众公司的两个汽车胶管的标准列举了一些实例 ,以证明 TCY硫化体系完全可以在 ECO弹性体中替代铅 /ETU硫化体系。该文例举了大量事实证明了 ECO胶料的耐油及耐燃料性取决于聚合物的结构 。

广西农业生态经济系统安全评价与预警研究

开展长时间序列的广西农业生态经济系统安全评价、安全影响因素和安全预警研究,可为系统安全调控、农业可持续发展和乡村振兴提供决策参考。本研究采用生态足迹模型核算2000-2021年广西农业生态经济系统人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力,通过资源利用效率指数、生态盈亏、生态压力指数评价系统安全状况,利用偏最小二乘(PLS)模型分析系统安全的影响因素,基于灰色GM(1,1)模型开展系统安全预警,并将预警结果与云南、贵州进行比较。结果表明,2000-2021年广西农业生态经济系统人均生态足迹增长90.30%,其中林地增长最快,耕地占比最大;人均生态承载力下降0.67%;系统资源利用效率提高72.97%,但2011年以来增幅较小;系统生态赤字从-0.395 hm 2/人不断加剧到-1.292 hm 2/人,生态压力指数从1.66升高到3.18,系统从中度不安全状态逐渐转变为重度不安全状态,并开始进入极度不安全状态;人均耕地面积和耕垦指数对系统安全具有正向影响;2022-2033年系统安全由重警转为巨警,警情等级高于贵州和云南。因此,要提高耕地保护力度,促进农业转型升级,保障广西农业生态经济系统安全。

九寨沟旅游生态足迹与生态补偿分析

建立自然保护区周边社区居民的生态补偿制度,是自然保护区取得社会经济发展和自然资源保护的关键。文章提出旅游生态足迹的概念与计算方法,以九寨沟为例,构建基于旅游生态足迹效率的自然保护区居民生态补偿标准的测度模型。结果表明:①2002 年九寨沟游客人均旅游生态足迹为0.061hm2,其年度转化值为8.881 7hm2,是当地居民人均生态足迹0.961 6hm2 的9.27倍;②叠加游客人均旅游生态足迹,九寨沟总人均生态足迹需求为1.005 3hm2,人均生态承载力为1.202 6hm2,生态盈余为0.197 3hm2;③旅游生态足迹效率为8 643 元/hm2,是当地居民生态足迹效率2 613 元/hm2 的3.31 倍;④以居民退耕还林还草的直接收益损失作为生态补偿最低标准,户均应补偿2 159 元,人均应补偿472 元,以退耕还林还草的游憩功能价值作为生态补偿上限,户均应补偿7 142 元,人均应补偿1 561 元,以旅游者与当地居民的生态足迹效率之差来确定合理的补偿水平,户均应补偿4 983 元,人均应补偿1 088 元。

宁夏资源环境绩效及其变动态势

提高资源环境绩效是我国生态脆弱敏感区进行生物修复的核心和关键。利用生态环境状况评价技术规范和资源环境绩效指数(REPI)对我国西部生态环境脆弱区的宁夏回族自治区资源环境绩效进行了系统分析。结果表明:尽管宁夏的资源环境绩效指数水平从2000年的38.7上升为2007年的66.9,年递增8.13%,但远低于全国平均水平和(西藏除外)3个少数民族自治区水平。资源环境综合绩效水平在全国的第30位徘徊。其中建设用地绩效指数和固定资产绩效指数提升明显,COD排放绩效指数呈现"N"型剧烈变动态势;SO2排放绩效指数、能源绩效指数、工业固体废弃物排放绩效指数、用水绩效指数变动不明显。宁夏面临生态环境的整体不稳定性和对外力干预敏感性的双重压力,资源消耗和污染物排放的下降态势并不稳定。同时,根据近8a变动态势推断,未来15～20a宁夏资源环境综合绩效的提升空间巨大。实施"CIRCLE"(即压缩城市发展(C)、个人行动(I)、减少潜在废弃物量(R)、碳减排战略(C)、土地管理(L)和提高能效(E))等综合发展策略,通过轻量化、绿色化、生态化的互利耦合提升综合竞争力,宁夏完全有能力到2015年步入我国西部资源环境绩效中等水平地区行列。

“省公顷”在小城镇生态足迹分析中的应用研究——以山东省晏城镇生态建设为例

为了更真实地反映同一个省内镇域的生态负荷及其生态容量现状,在综合分析了有关生态足迹模型的优缺点后,提出以"省公顷"为计量单位计算小城镇生态足迹的模型。用全球公顷(gha)和省公顷(pha)两种方法分别对晏城镇2004年生态足迹进行计算。计算结果表明:晏城镇2004年生态足迹采用gha方法的计算结果为1.711 hm2/人,采用pha方法计算结果为1.210 hm2/人;该镇生物承载力采用gha方法计算结果为0.985 hm2/人,采用pha方法计算结果为1.034 hm2/人;前者计算得到晏城镇生态赤字为0.726 hm2/人,后者为0.176 hm2/人。比较晏城镇和山东省各类土地类型的生态赤字/盈余,得出了晏城镇在耕地、林地和建筑用地都存在生态盈余,在化石能源用地、水域和草地存在生态赤字,分析造成生态赤字/盈余的原因,并提出相应对策。

中国有色金属行业的生态占用研究

中国有色金属行业能耗高、水耗大、三废产量大,属于环境污染比较严重的行业之一。本文通过考察有色金属行业的生态足迹及其构成和变化,分析了行业发展面临的环境压力状况。研究表明:①有色金属行业生态足迹近年来总体上一直处于上升趋势,其中能源消费间接占用地在总生态足迹中占主导地位;②分品种看,铝在有色金属行业生态足迹所占份额最大,达到53%,其次为铅锌、铜,占行业的比重分别为15%、12%,铝、铅、锌和铜这4种金属生态足迹为有色金属行业的80%,是决定该行业生态足迹大小的关键矿种,也是对行业产生环境压力、冲击和影响的主要来源;③有色金属行业近年来生态效率呈上升趋势,不仅其大小高于工业部门和三大产业部门的平均水平,其增长率相对也较高,这反映了现阶段行业生产依然是“高投入、高产出”的特点。该研究结果对于理解有色金属行业发展与环境保护之间的关系、制定行业可持续发展规划具有一定的参考价值。

区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例

基于旅游碳足迹、生态效率、旅游经济效应等理论,构建了旅游生态效率模型,在定量计算海南省2012年旅游生态效率值的基础上,对旅游生态效率区域差异进行了成因机制分析。主要结论有:1海南省2012年旅游交通生态效率为0.898元/kg,旅游住宿生态效率为7.13元/kg,旅游活动生态效率为16.32元/kg,旅游综合生态效率为1.787元/kg,旅游活动和旅游住宿的生态效率值大于旅游交通生态效率值。2在出行距离既定的情况下,优化旅游生态效率的措施在于:提高人均消费水平、延长平均停留时间、增加平均参与活动频次,即"短距离、长停留、高消费"的市场模式有利于优化旅游生态效率,反之,"长距离、短停留、低消费"的市场模式则拉低了旅游生态效率值。3海南省旅游者外部交通平均距离较大、乘坐飞机旅游者比例较高、旅游收入统计值低于实际值等原因叠加起来使其旅游生态效率水平略次于部分旅游地。