As Climate Change Haven Communities are constructed across the Northern Hemisphere, it will be necessary to attract two types of migrants to populate them. The first group consists of professionals and companies in ec...As Climate Change Haven Communities are constructed across the Northern Hemisphere, it will be necessary to attract two types of migrants to populate them. The first group consists of professionals and companies in eco-sustainable businesses, such as law firms, insurance companies, investment firms, banking, technological innovation, mass media, medical research and pharmaceutical research. The second group will consist of persons engaged in organic/eco-sustainable agriculture whose crops and animal husbandry practices can be transferred successfully to Climate Change Haven regions. The present research focuses on the social and economic variables that must be taken into account to insure that each new Climate Change Haven Community becomes successfully integrated with the local population and forms a cohesive, harmonious social structure. Examples are given from the United States, France, Spain, Portugal and Italy.展开更多
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) and 35% of indus...Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) and 35% of industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. On average 0.8 to 0.9 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> is emitted to produce one ton of OPC. In this paper, partial substitution of clinker (30% - 35%) by the calcined clay-limestone mixture was investigated in order to produce an eco-cement (LC3). Analyzes by XRF, XRD and ATG/ATD have characterized different components, determined the calcination temperature and selected the right clay which can act as effective Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). Mechanical tests on mortar carried out over a period of 90 days. The WBCSD/WRI “Greenhouse Gas Protocol” methodology then allowed the calculation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions into the atmosphere. Three types of clay are available in the Songololo Region. The kaolinite is the principal clay mineral and its content varies from 27% to 34%. The sum of kaolinite and amorphous phase which enable clay to react with cementitious material ranges from 57% to 60%. The SiO<sub>2</sub> content ranges from 33% to 76%, the Alumina content from 12% to 20% so that the ratio Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> is on the higher side (0.17 - 0.53). The calcination window is between 750°C and 850°C and the best clay which can act as SCM identified. The clinker’s substitution reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from 0.824 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of OPC to 0.640 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of LC3, means 22% less emissions. The compressive strengths developed by LC3 vary from 8.91 to 57.6 MPa (Day 1 to Day 90), exceed those of references 32.5 cement and are close to 42.5 cement. In view of the results, LC3 cement can be considered for industrial trials.展开更多
为了探究不同制酒车间空气微生物群落的功能多样性差异,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析了不同空气样品的微生物群落碳代谢特征。结果表明,不同微生物样品平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)均在培养144h后达到稳定,并...为了探究不同制酒车间空气微生物群落的功能多样性差异,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析了不同空气样品的微生物群落碳代谢特征。结果表明,不同微生物样品平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)均在培养144h后达到稳定,并且5个车间的AWCD值即对单一碳源的利用能力存在显著差异,老车间空气微生物的碳代谢能力和4类多样性指数均显著高于新车间。5个车间空气微生物对6类碳源的利用程度存在差异,对碳水化合物、氨基酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类和胺类碳源的利用率显著高于酚酸类。微生物代谢特征主成分分析结果表明,主成分1(PC1)贡献度为72.7%,主成分2(PC2)贡献度为14.2%,其中生产工艺相同的车间微生物群落差异较小,投产时间相同的车间微生物群落差异较小。分异代谢差异的主要碳源是与PC1有较高正相关性的α-D-乳糖、β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、肝糖等15种碳源,包括有9种碳水化合物、3种羧酸、2种多聚物和1种氨基酸。展开更多
文摘As Climate Change Haven Communities are constructed across the Northern Hemisphere, it will be necessary to attract two types of migrants to populate them. The first group consists of professionals and companies in eco-sustainable businesses, such as law firms, insurance companies, investment firms, banking, technological innovation, mass media, medical research and pharmaceutical research. The second group will consist of persons engaged in organic/eco-sustainable agriculture whose crops and animal husbandry practices can be transferred successfully to Climate Change Haven regions. The present research focuses on the social and economic variables that must be taken into account to insure that each new Climate Change Haven Community becomes successfully integrated with the local population and forms a cohesive, harmonious social structure. Examples are given from the United States, France, Spain, Portugal and Italy.
文摘Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) and 35% of industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. On average 0.8 to 0.9 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> is emitted to produce one ton of OPC. In this paper, partial substitution of clinker (30% - 35%) by the calcined clay-limestone mixture was investigated in order to produce an eco-cement (LC3). Analyzes by XRF, XRD and ATG/ATD have characterized different components, determined the calcination temperature and selected the right clay which can act as effective Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). Mechanical tests on mortar carried out over a period of 90 days. The WBCSD/WRI “Greenhouse Gas Protocol” methodology then allowed the calculation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions into the atmosphere. Three types of clay are available in the Songololo Region. The kaolinite is the principal clay mineral and its content varies from 27% to 34%. The sum of kaolinite and amorphous phase which enable clay to react with cementitious material ranges from 57% to 60%. The SiO<sub>2</sub> content ranges from 33% to 76%, the Alumina content from 12% to 20% so that the ratio Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> is on the higher side (0.17 - 0.53). The calcination window is between 750°C and 850°C and the best clay which can act as SCM identified. The clinker’s substitution reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from 0.824 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of OPC to 0.640 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of LC3, means 22% less emissions. The compressive strengths developed by LC3 vary from 8.91 to 57.6 MPa (Day 1 to Day 90), exceed those of references 32.5 cement and are close to 42.5 cement. In view of the results, LC3 cement can be considered for industrial trials.
文摘为了探究不同制酒车间空气微生物群落的功能多样性差异,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析了不同空气样品的微生物群落碳代谢特征。结果表明,不同微生物样品平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)均在培养144h后达到稳定,并且5个车间的AWCD值即对单一碳源的利用能力存在显著差异,老车间空气微生物的碳代谢能力和4类多样性指数均显著高于新车间。5个车间空气微生物对6类碳源的利用程度存在差异,对碳水化合物、氨基酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类和胺类碳源的利用率显著高于酚酸类。微生物代谢特征主成分分析结果表明,主成分1(PC1)贡献度为72.7%,主成分2(PC2)贡献度为14.2%,其中生产工艺相同的车间微生物群落差异较小,投产时间相同的车间微生物群落差异较小。分异代谢差异的主要碳源是与PC1有较高正相关性的α-D-乳糖、β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、肝糖等15种碳源,包括有9种碳水化合物、3种羧酸、2种多聚物和1种氨基酸。
