Comprehensive Assessment of Eco-environment Vulnerability in Hebei Province Based on ArcGIS

[Objective] This study aimed to assess the vulnerability of ecological environment in Hebei Province.[Method] Based on ArcGIS,by using the dominant factor and maximum limits factor method,we established the sensitivity-reality indicator system and assessment model of the eco-environment vulnerability in Hebei Province to quantitatively evaluate its eco-environment vulnerability,and analyzed its spatial distribution.[Result] The status quo of environmental degradation was inconsistent with the sensitivity of eco-environment in Hebei Province.The area of severely vulnerable region accounted for only 4.1% of total area in Hebei Province,mainly distributed in nine counties or districts of Baxia region,Zhangjiakou,northwestern Hebei,which was covered with mountains and basins,showing bands,which resulted from the vulnerability of soil erosion and land desertification.In addition,the moderately vulnerable region made up 38.4%,having the largest proportion,and mainly distributed in the mountain and basin region in northwestern Hebei,Yanshan Mountain and the most regions of Taihang Mountain,due to the vulnerability of soil erosion.At the same time,there were also large patches of moderately vulnerable region in Bashang and Baxia of Zhangjiakou,owning to the vulnerability of land desertification.Besides,most plains were mildly vulnerable and slightly vulnerable regions,and their areas accounted for 25.1% and 32.4% respectively of total area.[Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for safeguarding the ecological security and main functional district planing of Hebei Province.

Assessment on the Vulnerability of Agricultural Eco-environment of Hilly Basin Area in the Middle of Hunan Province——A Case Study of Hengyang Basin

[Objective] The study aimed to assess the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment of hilly basin area in the middle of Hunan Prov- ince. [ Method] Taking Hengyang basin as an example, we firstly chose 13 indicators from natural, social and economic subsystem to assess the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment in hilly basin area in the middle of Hunan Province. Afterwards, by using principal component analysis, we calculated the weight of each indicator and the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment of seven regions, finally analyzed the spatial distribu- tion of agricultural eco-envimnment vulnerability. [ Result] The weight of farmers＇ net income per capita was up to 0.140, followed by forest coverage （0.137）. Among the seven counties, the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment was primarily moderate, while Hengnan County had the highest vulnerability, followed by Hengyang County, and their vulnerability was extremely serious. In addition, Leiyang City was the minimum fragile region, namely slightly fragile region. In general, the vulnerability of peripheral counties was lower than that of central counties. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the restoration and reconstruction of agro-ecological environment as well as the establishment of agri- cultural Dreduction decisions.

Seismic vulnerability estimation of the building considering seismic environment and local site condition

A procedure is developed to incorporate seismic environment and site condition into the framework of seismic vulnerability estimation of building to consider the effects of the severity and/or frequency content of ground motion due to seismic environment and site condition. Localized damage distribution can be strongly influenced by seismic environment and surficial soil conditions and any attempt to quantify seismic vulnerability of building should consider the impact of these effects. The seismic environment, site and structure are coupled to estimate damage probability distribution among different damage states for the building. Response spectra at rock site are estimated by probabilistic seismic hazard assessment approach. Based upon engineering representations of soil and amplifying spectral coordinates, frequency content and severity of ground motion are considered. Furthermore the impacts of severity and/or frequency of ground motion effects are considered to estimate the seismic response of reinforced concrete building and damage probability distribution for the building. In addition, a new method for presenting the distribution of damage is developed to express damage probability distribution for the building for different seismic hazard levels.

DRASTIC-based vulnerability evaluation for groundwater environment in Kunming City

Groundwater pollution has serious influences on programming and development for a city.So it has a special importance to assess reasonably the vulnerability to pollution for urban groundwater.DRASTIC is an effective method for groundwater vulnerability assessment,which has been adapted in USA and Europe countries.In this paper,DRASTIC method is applied in vulnerability assessment of shallow groundwater environment in Kunming.A total of 1 339 units are divided in this area and the grade of each unit for seven indexes is determined.Then vulnerability zones are divided in the area by DRASTIC value,which has an important meaning to city programming.

Empirical Assessment of Coastal Environmental Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise

Sea level rise (SLR) could critically endanger the environment along all the world’s sea coasts. Although sudden SLRs of meters-high waves that might have apocalyptic results would generally be limited to specific areas, on-going SLR of dozens of cms over decades is likely to have adverse impact on coastal environments throughout the world. This study’s objective is to assess relative regional vulnerability of global sea coasts to SLR. The study focuses upon key natural and anthropogenic parameters that might either cause or enhance SLR and thus significantly influence regional coastal environments. Careful assessment can enable reasonable estimates of relative vulnerability of such environments. An initial step involves specifying key parameters and assigning their weightings and ratings. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, six seacoast regions from various parts of the world have been considered in this paper, assessing their natural and anthropogenic parameters vis-à-vis general global data. The results emphasize the relative vulnerability of these areas’ environments to SLR. Recommendations are then made for improving global SLR modeling and monitoring.

Vulnerability Assessment of Tourism Environment in the South China Sea Islands : Construction of Evaluation Model Based on Interpretation System of Formation Mechanism

Tourism vulnerability research is an important theoretical basis for sustainable research of tourism.In this study,it hopes to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for vulnerability of tourism environment in the South China Sea Islands,to achieve the sound development of island tourism in the South China Sea.Therefore,based on the study of the geographical environment and geographical background of the South China Sea Islands,the mechanism analysis method is used to form three interpretation systems.First,interpretation system of meridional causality mechanism.4 evaluation levels and 52 indicators are screened out,and the mathematical and physical criteria for each indicator is established.Second,interpretation system of latitudinal factor relationship mechanism.The AHP is used to obtain the weights of each index,and the contribution rate of factor at each level to the vulnerability is determined.Third,sharing platform of connecting meridional and latitudinal interpretation system.Likert 5-level scale is used to make the factors belong to different orders of magnitude,and factors from different systems could be comparable.Finally,through the formulation of mathematical and chemical standards of indexes and weights of evaluation indexes,a comprehensive evaluation model for vulnerability of tourism environment in the South China Sea Islands is established.

Study on the Influence of Environment Vulnerability in the Northwest Yunnan

With the deterioration of the global ecology,the eco-environment fragility has been an important topic of the ecological environment research.The Northwest Yunnan is a typical area of abundant biological resources and vulnerable ecological environment.The ecological environment vulnerability is more initiated by the human disturbances except its special natural basic factors such as the geological structure,the terrain,the geomorphology,the climate and hydrology conditions and so on.The paper analyses the human disturbances factors which impress the ecological environment vulnerability of the region from the negative interferences and positive interferences in order to enhance the research of the ecological environment to protect the ecological environment better in this area.

Spatial Optimization Strategies for High Temperature Heat Exposure Based on Thermally Vulnerable Populations and Case Studies

The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that contribute to brittleness and to identify strategies for mitigating these factors in populations with varying degrees of thermal vulnerability,based on the potential impact of extreme heat exposure on human survival and habitability.The physiological condition of lower adaptability to high temperature environments and the assessment of individuals who may have higher tolerance time in high temperature environments based on spatial perspectives suggest the need for targeted spatial optimization strategies for commuters and disadvantaged populations.This is demonstrated through a case study.These optimization measures encompass a variety of aspects,including the integration of transportation systems,the expansion of grey space corridors,the improvement of green space layout,and the implantation of green infrastructure.The study aims to reduce the exposure time of thermally vulnerable individuals to high temperature environments through spatial optimization strategies,to enhance the resilience of urban green spaces to heat stress,and to reduce the probability of heat-wave occurrence.

Geospatial Analysis of Flood Vulnerability Levels Based on Physical Characteristics and Resilience Capacity of Peri-Urban Settlements in Nigeria

Flooding is becoming a yearly reoccurring event in many communities and cities in Nigeria, leading to the destruction of properties and deaths;hence, we must take measures to either prepare for the impact or curb the occurrence. The study identified flood vulnerability levels of communities in Isoko North LGA based on physical environmental domains such as land use, elevation, and proximity to river channel (drainage) using geospatial techniques. Also, attributes that could contribute to the resilience capacity building of the communities were assessed. From the study, 73.93% of the entire area is moderately and highly vulnerable to flood, while among the communities, seventeen (17) are categorized as moderately vulnerable, and four (4) are lowly vulnerable. The overall resilience capacity of the communities indicated can build a substantial capacity towards community resilience (3.02, 0.06). However, there is a need to encourage collaboration with stakeholders to improve mitigation action and enhance various shortcomings toward resilience capacity building.

Geological environment conflicts of Kunming Basin and its urban sustainable development

Kunming Basin locates middle of Yunnan altiplano and has a particularity in geography,topographic and geological environment.With the urban dilation quickly,add the reason of the unreasonable city layout,conflicts between environment and urban resources consumption become shrill increasingly.It is human being activities that lead to vulnerability and depravation of geological environment in local.Take a few examples on geological environment to expatiate relationship between urban construction and geological environment carrying capacity,and find a way how to make a better plan for urban sustainable development to achieve new balance between man and nature in local.

黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展耦合协调研究

在生态文明建设理念下,如何实现生态脆弱区资源环境与经济的协调发展,已成为我国亟待解决的问题之一。以典型生态脆弱区黄河“几”字弯都市圈21个地级市为例,基于2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的资源环境与经济发展数据,运用熵权TOPSIS法分析资源环境承载力状况,并引入耦合协调度模型揭示资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调关系及其时空演变特征,结果表明:黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力呈波动上升趋势,区域差异显著;资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调度整体逐渐趋向于更高程度的耦合;通过莫兰指数分析发现,黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调度为显著空间正相关。

城市高温脆弱性预警系统构建与应用

基于人与环境耦合系统视角构建了“暴露性-易损性-适应力”的城市高温脆弱性研究框架和预警指标体系,提出了城市高温指数、多元主体适应力耦合技术、多元群体脆弱风险评价标准库等关键预警技术和方法。以城市多元利益主体为服务对象,设计了城市高温脆弱性预警系统,在厦门市试点应用并取得了良好效果。2021年9月“城市高温指数”业务模块在福建省公共气象服务平台——“知天气”App正式上线。基于多尺度脆弱性框架的研究视角和方法为动态精细化表征极端自然灾害的影响提供了有效途径。文章提出的城市高温脆弱性预警系统支持了城市多元利益主体在高温天气下开展生产生活,也有助于地方定制针对性的防灾减灾方案。

Eco-environmental vulnerability assessment for large drinking water resource： a case study of Qiandao Lake Area, China

The Qiandao Lake Area （QLA） is of great significance in terms of drinking water supply in East Coast China as well as a nationally renowned tourist attraction. A series of laws and regulations regarding the QLA environment have been enacted and implemented throughout the past decade with the aim of negating the harmful effects associated with expanding urbanization and industrialization. In this research, an assessment framework was developed to analyze the eco-environ- mental vulnerability of the QLA from 1990-2010 by integrating fuzzy analytic hierarchy process （FAHP） and geographical information systems （GIS） in an attempt to gain insights into the status quo of the QLA so as to review and evaluate the effectiveness of the related policies. After processing and analyzing the temporal and spatial variation of eco-environmental vulnerability and major environ- mental issues in the QLA, we found that the state of eco- environmental vulnerability of the QLA was acceptable, though a moderate deterioration was detected during the study period. Furthermore, analysis of the combination of vulnerability and water quality indicated that the water quality showed signs of declination, though the overall status remained satisfactory. It was hence concluded that the collective protection and treatment actions were effective over the study period, whereas immediately stricter measures would be required for protecting the drinking water quality from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. Finally, the spatial variation of the eco-environmental vulnerability assessment also implied that specifically more targeted measures should be adoptedin respective regions for long-term sustainable develop- ment of the QLA.

石化产业基地生态脆弱性评价研究

绿色高效的石化产业基地是生态经济协调发展的重要内容。基于石化产业基地和生态环境相关特性,联合熵权法、模糊层次分析法、德尔菲专家打分法,构建石化产业基地生态环境脆弱性评价指标体系及模型。考虑到评价过程中的不确定性因素,构建基于蒙特卡洛模拟法的生态脆弱性评价模型,并选取连云港石化产业基地进行实证分析,结果表明:“十三五”期间,连云港石化产业基地生态环境脆弱性水平呈递减趋势,计及随机因素的评价模型表现出较强的预测能力,所构建指标体系的科学性得以验证,可为改善我国特殊区域生态环境脆弱性提供参考。

发展贫困视角下经济效率的空间差异及驱动因素研究——基于云南省40个生态脆弱县的数据

基于云南省40个生态脆弱县的全样本数据,运用DEA-BCC模型、Moran’s I指数、地理加权回归模型探究云南省生态脆弱县经济效率的空间属性和影响因素,为提升区域抵御内外部风险能力,稳定脱贫成效,加快乡村振兴步伐,步入高质量发展之列服务。研究结果表明:(1)云南省40个生态脆弱县的平均经济效率处于中上水平,其中乌蒙山区和滇西边境山区的经济效率较低。(2)云南省生态脆弱县经济效率的空间集聚性弱,近似随机分布,且生态脆弱县主要分布在云南省边缘地带。(3)县域经济效率主要受到务工人口数占比、村集体收入、人均耕地面积等的影响,尽管不同区域的主导因素有所区别,但经济发展总体处于“U”型关系的前端,县域规模效益还未彰显。由此建议通过进一步提高帮扶投入精准度,加强普通教育、职业教育和技能培训,壮大集体经济,推进县域经济效率的提升。

基于贝叶斯网络的生态环境脆弱性评估方法研究

为提高生态环境脆弱性评估结果的准确性,提出基于贝叶斯网络的生态环境脆弱性评估方法。选择秦岭地区作为研究对象,采集该地区的生态环境数据,通过模糊估计提取生态环境扰动特征,并对生态环境脆弱性数据采样结果进行归一化处理,以提高评估结果的真实性。根据数据处理结果给出秦岭地区生态环境脆弱性评估体系,并通过贝叶斯网络节点模拟生态环境结构状态,描述状态转移过程,明确外界扰动攻击和环境可靠度间关系,实现对生态环境脆弱性的评估。经实验证明所提方法具备准确评估生态环境脆弱性的能力,置信度水平高。

基于数据驱动的电力光纤通信网脆弱节点动态挖掘

电力光纤通信网络脆弱节点受到外界影响或系统干扰时,会导致线路元件的相继故障,缩减网络的使用寿命,为此提出基于数据驱动的电力光纤通信网络脆弱节点动态挖掘方法。首先在大数据环境下剔除网络中的冗余节点,并根据剔除结果交换节点信息,确定通信网络脆弱节点位置连接后,获取通信网络的异常范围;再依据划分出的通信异常范围提取该区域中的节点脆弱性能特征,建立脆弱节点挖掘模型;最后依据该模型挖掘出通信网络中的脆弱节点,实现电力光纤通信网络脆弱节点动态挖掘。实验结果表明,利用该方法开展通信网络脆弱节点挖掘时,节点挖掘精度平均值为98%,网络传输时延最小值为19 ms,节点挖掘消耗时间为0.42 s,节点覆盖程度为96.88%,通信网络脆弱节点挖掘性能较好。

A fine-grained evaluation of social vulnerability to COVID-19,healthcare access and built environmental disparities in Tokyo,Japan

Measuring vulnerability to COVID-19 and healthcare accessibility at the fine-grained level serves as the foundation for spatially explicit health planning and policy making in response to future public health crises.However,the evaluation of vulnerability and healthcare accessibility is insufficient in Japan-a nation with high population density and super-aging challenges.Drawing on the 2022 census data,transport network,medical and digital cadastral data,land use maps,and points of interest data,our study extends the concept of vulnerability in the context of COVID-19 and constructs the first fine-grained measure of vulnerability and healthcare accessibility in Tokyo Metropolis,Japan-the most populated metropolitan region in the world.We delineate the vulnerable neighbourhoods with low healthcare access and further evaluate the disparity in healthcare access and built environment of areas at different levels of vulnerability.Our outcome datasets and findings provide nuanced and timely evidence to government and health authorities to have a holistic and latest understanding of social vulnerability to COVID-19 and healthcare access at a fine-grained level.Our analytical framework can be employed in different geographic contexts,guiding through place-based health planning and policy making in the post-COVID era and beyond.