Examination of Resource Curse Hypothesis: Mineral Resources Exploitation and Economic Growth in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the intensive regions of three types of mineral resources, known as coal, oil and natural gas, respectively. The intensive regions of economic growth were also identified, according to the rate of per capita GDP growth at prefecture, autonomous prefecture and city. The relationships between different mineral resources and economic growth are different, for example, the relationship between economic growth and coal resource is positive, while the relationship between economic growth and oil resource, or natural gas resource is negative. This study empirically examines the effects of natural resources on economic growth of Xinjiang. The results show that whilst natural resources have a positive impact on growth, and can make a negative impact on growth through the transmission channels, such as investment, manufacture, human capital, and scientific and technologic innovation. Moreover, it studies the transmission channels, that is, the effect of natural resources on the other explanatory variables, and calculates the indirect effect of natural resources on growth for each transmission channel, and comprehensive effects of natural resources on growth. The calculated result of comprehensive effects indicates that the positive direct effects of natural resources on growth are shown to outweigh the negative indirect effect of Xinjiang autonomous region.

A Pilot Study for Estimation of Environmental Losses of Pastoral Area Within Mineral Exploitation: A Case Study in Urat Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia, China

In grassland areas subject to pollution caused by mining,such as the Urat Rear Banner in Inner Mongolia,a reasonable compensation scenario for local herders should be considered.Willingness to pay(WTP)was assessed with the use of Contingent Valuation(CV)methodology to estimate the value for environmental losses.The results indicated that:(1)The local environmental problem included water pollution,dust,vegetation degradation,and waste pollution;(2)65.79%of herders were not satisfied with the compensation and 56.41%of herders disagreed mining in grassland;and(3)the WTP has been estimated at 641.18 yuan annually per household.The total WTP in the mining area of Urat Rear Banner was estimated to 15,771,104.5 yuan annually with interval estimates of 8,036,331.84 yuan and 25,918,104.9 yuan.

Technologies of oxygen supply for life support during the development of mineral resources in high altitude areas

In order to fulfill the needs of life-support oxygen supply during the development of plateau mineral resources,four oxygen supply patterns suitable for the plateau mine in specific environment were developed:tunnel face diffusive oxygen supply,tunnel oxygen-bar car,carried oxygen cylinder and portable oxygen generator. Through the study of safety oxygen supply experiments in low- pressure plateau areas,the mathematical relationship between maximum integration of secure oxygen volume and altitude has been achieved. Oxygen supply safety control should follow this relationship in plateau mines during the time of executing tunnel face or in room air diffusive oxygen supply. The application results of life-support oxygen supplement technologies in the development of mineral resources in high altitude areas show that the oxygen supply for tunneling miners in plateau mines can not only effectively enhance the oxygen saturation,reduce the pulse rate and the breath rate per minute,but also improve various symptoms caused by altitude hypoxia and high-intensity physical labor.

Research into Exploitation and Application of Three Sorts of

In this paper the authors introduce their past years’study results about the exploitation and application of three sorts of nontraditional nonmetal minerals. In this research, the main aspects and techniques of basic study for the exploitation and application are summarized, and some key science and technological problems are proposed as the objects of their future research.

A STUDY ON THE OPTIMAL EXPLOITATION POLICY OF MULTI-MINE RESOURCES

At the present stage, the exploitation loss and waste of mineral resources are serious.lf this trend goes on, it will undoubtedly accelerate the resource depletion. Based on the values of mineral resources and their natural and economic attibutes, this paper sets up a multi-mine mineral resource exploitation model in the market competition. In addition, it analyses the struc-ture of the model and derives optimal conditions. Finally it gives a detailed interpretation of the practical application of the model for instance.

月球资源开发利用的进展与展望

中国探月工程“绕、落、回”三步走圆满收官,后续将建立国际月球科研站,并进一步规划建立月球基地。月球探测任务由探测勘察进入到开发利用新阶段,月面资源的勘查、开发和利用是未来月球探测的重点任务。总结了月球资源开发利用方面的国内外重要进展,涉及月球资源勘探、水冰等挥发分分析、月球矿物冶炼与材料制备、月面建造与月壤3D打印等四个方面。同时,月球资源开发利用面临极端月面环境、独特月壤理化特性、全流程无人自主控制等重大挑战,为解决这些问题,提出了未来月球资源开发利用的重点任务和研究思路,可为后续科学研究和工程任务实施提供参考。

矿产自然资源开采与地质环境保护策略思考

矿产资源是推动经济社会发展的重要支柱能源,然而在矿产自然资源开采的过程中,一些不合理的开发操作,使得地质环境遭受一定的破坏,不仅会影响到矿产生产,同时也会破坏当地的生态环境。在本文的研究工作中,主要分析矿产自然资源开采带来的影响,提出几点有效的地质环境保护策略,旨在为矿产自然资源开采和地质环境保护工作提供一定的参考。

Exploitation of mineral resource and its influence on regional development and urban evolution in Xinjiang, China

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between mineral resources exploitation and economic and urban development in Xinjiang. The article summarizes the mineral resource exploitation development of Xinjiang especially over the last 50 years, and investigates energy industries and their driving forces, directions, and economic impact on the oasis urban system evolution in Xinjiang. Methods like correlation analysis, location quotient and elastic coefficient are employed in the presentation and discussion, and also field reconnaissance surveys, interviews and secondary sources are used. The result shows Xinjiang＇s economic growth is promoted by the contributions of the increasing mineral resource industry which promotes economic development by accelerating infrastructure construction, developing industry and raising revenue and fixed investment. Mineral exploitation in recent years had profound impacts on urban development as a growth engine. The evolution of urban system has a close relationship with resource exploitation, and statistical results provide strong evidence to support the argument that mineral resource exploitation has promoted the growth of built-up areas and its expansion patterns in Xinjiang, especially regions along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.

2000—2022年我国矿产勘查驱动力变化与发展态势

矿产勘查处于矿产资源产业链供应链的上游,经济发展、矿产市场、矿产开发等力量驱动着矿产勘查发展变化。我国经济发展GDP增速大致以2012—2013年为转折,由之前的10%以上缓慢降至6%~8%,工业、建筑业、交通运输业等矿产需求量大的行业部门发展增速放缓。矿产开采总量在2014年达到峰值并进入高位波动期,矿产消费总量由过去的快速增长转变为缓慢增长,不同矿种消费量增长出现分化。采矿业增加值在工业和GDP中比重逐渐降低,采矿业利润在2011年之后由快速攀升转变为不断下行和回升趋稳。我国矿产勘查投入以2013年为转折,由持续增长转变为下行-趋稳,不同矿种勘查投入出现分化,三稀金属和非金属矿产勘查更受市场重视。矿产勘查新发现矿产地和新增查明资源储量总体呈减少趋势。2020—2022年,矿产勘查市场内生回升动力缓慢增强,矿产勘查投入缓慢回升。2017年以来,我国金属矿产勘查投入变化偏离了全球矿业市场走势,主要受国内非市场因素影响。展望未来,我国矿产勘查发展迎来重要战略机遇期,或将催动勘查投入新一轮增长小周期。

铀矿矿业权管理制度建设和演进浅析——以新疆为例

铀矿是事关国家经济、能源和国防安全的战略性矿产资源,同时也是新疆的优势矿产资源。随着国家“双碳目标”的提出,大幅提高核能利用比例已成必然,核电的发展离不开天然铀的稳定供应和铀资源的可靠保障,而铀矿探矿权和采矿权是保障铀矿依法勘查和开发的基本前提。文章以国家矿业权管理制度建设为背景,结合新疆铀矿矿业权数量变化,将矿业权管理制度建设和演进划分为矿业权管理制度建设期、改革期和完善期3个阶段,指出铀矿规划未纳入新疆矿产资源矿业权设置区划管理、探矿权排他性、自然保护地功能划定、矿业权制度制约、矿业权登记程序复杂化等是影响铀矿矿业权申请登记的主要原因;矿业权重叠设置、财政出资勘查项目凭项目任务书开展地质勘查工作、生态保护红线内战略性矿产勘查开采差别化管理政策的出台为铀矿矿业权申请登记提供了政策依据。提出完善铀矿矿业权管理制度的4条举措:设立国家铀矿规划区;优化矿业权登记程序;保持矿业权政策延续性;创新采矿权出让方式,完善资源量评审备案等配套制度。

贵州纳雍县沙包镇下木村富锶矿泉水成因分析及开采量计算

通过对贵州纳雍县沙包镇下木村研究泉点的水文地质条件、水化学特征、动态特征及微量元素锶来源等进行研究,分析其成因模式。研究成果表明:大气降水入渗含水岩组,径流运移中溶滤含锶膏岩矿物形成富锶地下水,在地形切割及中三叠统关岭组(T_(2)g)底部泥岩相对阻水出露成泉,水中锶含量达到饮用天然矿泉水标准,矿物质成分源于岩石和土壤的风化水解,水化学类型为HCO_(3)·SO_(4)^(-)Ca·Mg。根据动态监测成果,采用泉水流量衰减法及泉水枯季流量频率分析法,计算其允许开采量为1134.26 m^(3)/d,研究结果可为下木村锶型矿泉水的开发利用提供依据。

地质矿产资源勘查及合理开发策略分析

现阶段,我国地质矿产资源勘查以及合理开发工作开展的过程中,还存在一定的问题阻碍着相关工作提高质量和效率,例如资源浪费以及过度开采、资源勘查与开发技术单一、勘查与开发制度不完善、监管力度不足以及勘查开发工作和市场联系程度较低等问题的出现,导致勘查与开发工作的经济效益较低。因此,应该针对现阶段地质矿产资源勘查工作过程中出现的相关问题进行解决,落实针对性的解决措施,通过强化勘查和开发技术研究、以实际需求作为矿产资源开发导向、建立健全勘查与开发制度、利用企业优势来强化勘查开发工作和市场联系程度、和政府合作构建监督机制以及提高工作人员综合能力等措施来提高地质矿产资源的开发效率和水平,推动我国地质矿产资源为我国经济建设和科学发展进步奠定坚实基础。因此本文主要针对地质矿产资源勘查以及合理开发过程中出现的相关问题进行研究,进而提出一定的策略,以供参考。

“十三五”以来全国非油气矿产矿业权及开发利用形势分析

受国内外宏观经济增速放缓、国际矿产品价格大幅下跌等因素的影响,2013—2016年我国探(采)矿权数、探(采)矿权登记面积、以及地质勘查投入和新发现矿产地持续减少。2017年以来出台的系列生态保护政策、环境保护政策及其配套的地方管理政策,对矿产资源的勘查和开发具有很大的影响;其后出台的生态保护区矿业权退出机制和矿业权出让收益管理政策(35号文)等行业政策.

基于GWR的矿产资源开采时空特征及影响因素探究

文章基于2011—2017年矿产资源开采数据,分析长江经济带矿产资源开采时空演变特征,并利用地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型探究矿产资源开采的影响因素及其作用程度。研究结果表明:2011年以来长江经济带矿产资源开采数量呈增长趋势,且开采以非金属矿产为主;长江经济带矿产资源开采空间差异逐渐增大,主要集聚区分布在上、中游地区,形成以贵州和江西为主要密度核心的连绵状空间分布;研究期内矿产资源开采活动主要在上、中游地区开展,开采重心位于贵州;矿产资源开采受到海拔高度、路网密度、地区生产总值等因素的影响显著,其效应具有明显空间异质性。研究结果可为矿产资源管理与利用提供参考。

地下金属矿山开采技术发展趋势探索

随着现代高新技术水平的不断提升,世界范围内的矿业发展和挖掘均获得全新的发展机遇,现阶段,各国矿业发展均高度依赖于科技的发展和进步。与国际相比,我国在进行矿产开采时,对于高科技开采技术的应用依赖度极高。为此,本次研究中以地下金属矿山的开采为例,分析了开采技术的未来发展趋势,旨在借此为相关人员提供参考。

矿产资源开发、生态环境破坏与农业全要素生产率损失--以黄河流域为例

以兼具粮食主产区与自然资源开发密集区双重特征的黄河流域为研究对象,将工业企业数据库中约6500家从事矿产资源开发的企业数据匹配到县域层面,定量评估2003—2013年该流域矿产资源密集开发对当地农业全要素生产率(ATFP)的影响,并从生态环境破坏视角对其影响机制进行实证检验。结果发现:在控制了基础设施条件、城镇化水平、工业化水平、劳动力转移量等因素后,样本期内黄河流域矿产资源密集开发使得当地ATFP平均损失约为10.06%,该效应在流域的不同地段呈现出一定的异质性,中下游的损失更为严重,损失度达13.31%。从作用机制来看,上述损失中近1/4源自当地矿产资源开发所产生的生态环境破坏。因此,重视工业污染对农业生产的负面影响,对农业发展方式转型乃至乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。

基于GIS的矿产资源开发利用监管信息化平台建设研究

矿产资源利用开发监管工作是自然资源部门矿产资源管理的一项重要工作,但目前存在监管力度低、监管手段落后等问题,导致矿区越界开采、违规生产、瞒报产量等违法行为屡禁不止。本文利用GIS、物联网、网格化等先进技术,构建省-市-县-街道四级矿产资源开发利用“天上看、网上管、地上查”监管体系,搭建矿产资源开发利用监管信息化平台,全面提升矿产资源开发利用信息化、精细化以及智能化管理水。

煤矿生态修复治理模式研究与探讨

分析了煤炭资源开发过程中产生的主要生态环境问题,认为应推动生态补偿机制领域法律法规的落实,建立完善多部门联合的生态环境监测体系,规范矿山资源开采生态治理工作,加大矿山环境保护力度。对煤矿生态修复治理模式进行了探究;介绍了山不拉煤矿生态修复治理的具体实践。山不拉煤矿对矿山生态环境进行了有效监测,能针对不同生态损害区采取不同防治措施,使破坏的地形地貌景观及时得到了恢复。

哈尔滨松花江北部白垩系深层矿泉水水化学特征分析

在专项水工环地质调查基础上应用音频大地电磁测深、水文地质钻探、抽水试验等勘察方法,查明哈尔滨松北区中部及呼兰区西部一带赋存白垩系裂隙孔隙含水层,岩性为白垩系嫩江祖姚家组砂岩,水质达到天然饮用矿泉水标准。对矿泉水的物理性质、水化学特征及微生物特征进行了分析评价,对矿泉水的单井允许开采量进行估算,推测白垩系矿泉水分布面积约300 km 2,可开采量大于20000 m 3/d。此研究结果可为哈尔滨白垩系矿泉水资源的勘查及开发利用提供科学依据。