Eco-environmental Quality Evaluation of Manasi River Basin in Recent 30 Years

Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.

Quality Synthetic Evaluation of Urea Formaldehyde Foam Substrate in Turf Establishment

[Objective]The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of three kinds of urea formaldehyde foam substrate in tall fescue establishment as well as to study on evaluation of turf quality.[Method]The visual estimates,ecological quality estimates and utility quality estimates were used as the 1st level indicators,and the density,color,texture,uniformity,green period,cover degree,biomass,emergence energy,growth rate and turf-forming time were used as the corresponding 2nd level indicators.With T.L.Satty＇s method Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP） and the fuzzy synthesis evaluation method,the weight ratio of matrix was obtained and the synthetic evaluation result was accorded with facts,then it could be regarded as the satisfying value of weight.[Result]The quality of three covering soil treatments was better than that of uncovering treatment and conventional treatment,the quality synthetic evaluation of F1 was the best,which was about 0.770.[Conclusion]Urea formaldehyde foam substrate showed high quality for turf establishment,which could be further spread and applied.

Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of Water Quality of Naoli River Using Parameter Correlation Analysis

In order to improve the effectiveness of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) models, a Parameter Correlation Analysis (PCA) was introduced into the FSE and a case study was carried out in the Naoli River in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The basic principle of the PCA is that the pairs of parameters which are highly correlated and linear with each other would contribute the same information to an assessment and one of them should be eliminated. The method of the PCA is that a correlation relationship among candidate parameters is examined before the FSE. If there is an apparent nonlinear or curvilinear relationship between two parameters, then both will be retained; if the correlation is significant (p<0.01), and the scatter plot suggests a linear relationship, then one of them will be deleted. However, which one will be deleted? For solving this problem, a sensitivity test was conducted and the higher sensitivity parameters remained. The results indicate that the original data should be preprocessed through the PCA for redundancy and variability. The study shows that introducing the PCA into the FSE can simplify the FSE calculation process greatly, while the results have not been changed much.

Quantitative evaluation and spatial differentiation of eco-environmental livability in Zhejiang Province, China

The scientific analyses of the spatial patterns of regional eco-environment livability,along with the explorations of the correlations between ecoenvironments and population and economic activity distributions,are of major significance in the guidance of the coordinated development between social economies,natural resources,and environments.In this study,the topography,climate,hydrology,land cover,air quality,and the dangers presented by natural hazards in the study area were investigated in order to establish an evaluation model for the regional eco-environmental livability.Then,the observed spatial patterns and regional differences in the eco-environmental livability,as well as their relationships with the distributions of population and economic activities in Zhejiang Province,were investigated.The results showed that the ecoenvironmental livability in Zhejiang Province displayed a gradual decreasing trend from southwest to northeast,as well as from the mountains to the hills,valleys,and plains areas.During the compartmentalization of the eco-environmental livability,it was observed that the lowest livable area covered the largest population,accounting for approximately 29.64%of the total population in the study area.The higher livable areas covered the widest land areas,accounting for approximately 26.15%of the total area.Moreover,it was found that the eco-environmental livability in the mountain areas was higher than that in the plain areas in Zhejiang Province.Furthermore,the ecoenvironmental livability was found to have a significant exponential relationship with the population and GDP densities of Zhejiang Province,with the R^2 of the curve-fittings reaching 0.835 and 0.656,respectively.However,it was determined that the coefficient of the exponential function was negative,which indicated that a strong negative relationship existed between the eco-environmental livability and densities of the population and economic activities.It was assumed that the impacts of anthropogenic factors were the fundamental causes of this negative correlation.This study introduced two new factors(air quality and natural hazards)into the evaluation framework of eco-environmental livability.As a result,a more comprehensive model was established for the evaluation of eco-environmenta livability in certain segments of the study area Additionally,the correlation between ecoenvironment livability and human activities was discussed in-depth,which can potentially provide theoretical and practical guidance for the implementation of eco-livability in China,and possibly even those of other vast developing countries.

Grey Clustering Evaluation on Regional Eco-environmental Quality Based on Normalized Index Value

[Objective] The aim was to assess regional eco-environmental quality by means of grey clustering method based on normalized index value. [Method] Eco-environmental quality in Chaohu basin was assessed by using grey clustering method based on normalized index value, and the evaluation results were compared with those of unascertained measure method to verify the feasibility of grey clustering method used to evaluate regional eco-environmental quality. [Result] In the grey clustering assessment method based on normalized index value, indices whose standard normalized values in the same grade were close to each other were classified into one class and had the same whitening function, which reduced the number of whitening functions. Grey clustering method based on normalized index value was used to assess eco-environmental quality in Chaohu basin, and the evaluation results were basically in accordance with those of unascertained measure method, namely eco-environmental quality in Hefei, Chaohu and Lu’an belonged to the third (pass), fourth (worse) and fifth grade (bad), except for one grade difference in overall basin, and the results showed that the method had practicality and could be applied to assess regional eco-environmental quality. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundation for the establishment of comprehensive management countermeasures of regional ecological environment.

FUZZY SYNTHETIC EVALUATION ON RESIDENT'S PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM IMPACTS——Case of Jiuzhaigou National Park, Sichuan Province, China

Tourism can have both positive and negative outcomes for residents in tourism destinations, It is a good method to analyze the status of tourism impact by means of investigating residents＇ perceptions of it. Various methods have been used in previous authoritative studies. However, owing to inherent imprecision, difficulties always exist in some conventional methodologies when describing the interpretation of linguistic or measured uncertainties for real-world randoln phenomena. The purpose of this research is to present the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to investigate residents＇ perceptions of tourisln impacts. At first, basic attributes and a hierarchical framework of tourism impacts are defined and formed. Secondly, the weighted vectors are determined according to the knowledge and experience of experts. Thirdly, the weighted evaluation matrices are aggregated to get the fuzzy sets of tourism impacts. In the last stage, the final fuzzy sets are defuzzified to get the rank of the residents＇ perceptions of tourism impacts. A case study in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China is provided to demonstrate the application of this method.

Research on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of Stamping Process Scheme

Stamping process,which is widely used in automobile,aerospace,machine-building industries,and etc.,is a creative process needing time and experiences.The lead time is mainly spent on stamping die design and manufacturing.As the ba- sis of die design,process design is a non-linearity and creative process,which can be solved by using the fuzzy synthetic evaluation. In this paper,the potential o f fuzzy synthetic evaluation for dealing with stamping process design was explored.The influencing factor set,factor weight set,evaluation set,single factor fuzzy evaluation matrix,and fuzzy synthetic evaluation scheme were studied.Finally,the washer part,considering forming equipment,part dimensions and other factors,was selected to testify the evaluation process.

Synthetically Evaluation System for Multi-source Image Fusion and Experimental Analysis

Study on the evaluation system for multi-source image fusion is an important and necessary part of image fusion. Qualitative evaluation indexes and quantitative evaluation indexes were studied. A series of new concepts, such as independent single evaluation index, union single evaluation index, synthetic evaluation index were proposed. Based on these concepts, synthetic evaluation system for digital image fusion was formed. The experiments with the wavelet fusion method, which was applied to fuse the multi-spectral image and panchromatic remote sensing image, the IR image and visible image, the CT and MRI image, and the multi-focus images show that it is an objective, uniform and effective quantitative method for image fusion evaluation.

The Evaluation of Eco-environmental Sensitivity in Ordos City

This paper aims to reveal the difference of eco-environmental sensitivity and its influencing factors in the study area through carrying out the eco-environmental sensitivity evaluation based on land ecological security for 8 counties of Ordos City. Using fragstats landscape pattern analysis,GIS space method and RS analysis,based on ground investigation,this paper uses information mining and data analysis to extract index data for every village in the study area,carry out comprehensive quantitative evaluation,and finally calculate the comprehensive scores of eco-environmental sensitivity of the areas. The paper concludes that the highly sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern region of the eastern hilly and gully region and southern region of the Mu Us Desert in Ordos. The main reasons include severe soil erosion in hilly and gully region and serious desertification in southern Mu Us Desert area. So it is necessary to strengthen ecological environment protection in local areas.

Integrated Evaluation Model for Eco-Environmental Quality in Mountainous Region Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.

FUZZY SYNTHETICAL EVALUATION ON THE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS’ CONSCIOUSNESS ON THE IPE BASIS

Government policy is the key to the development of the individual and private economy (IPE).In the making of a policy, the social consciousness of government officials is one of the important factors to affect the policy made. Since the social consciousness on the development of IPE varies from person to person, it is conventionally indefinite and fuzzy. This paper applies fuzzy sets to analyse the government officials’ social consciousness on the IPE basis.

Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation for Quality of Clothing Industry's Salesman

It is essential for the human resource management to establish a scientific and efficient evaluation system for the clothing industry. This paper discusses the evaluation system for the quality of clothing industry's salesman, using fuzzy set theory from the following five aspects: basic quality,work attitude, knowledge level,work ability and work achievement. A just and useful way for the human resource manager to evaluate employees' quality is elaborated.

Multiple-Attribute and Multilevel Synthetic Evaluation Model and Its Application

On the basis of analyzing the flaws of present multiple-attribute and multilevel evaluation methods, concerning the problem of characteristics of the multiple-attribute and multilevel system s appraisal and the particular emphasis on the respective attributes in the evaluation process, as well as its relevance to the environment, an optimal attribute system is proposed, and the multiplicative analytic hierarchy process (MAHP) is used to obtain subjective weight coefficients and the objective weight coefficient evaluating method is given. The deviation between the index value of each level and the values of the same index of other levels are formulated, and an optimal model is gained, thus establishing the weight coefficients of the whole optimal attribute system. Furthermore, the detailed implementation procedure of this method is introduced. Besides, favorable results have been gained by applying the model to the practical problems of economic evaluation.

Generalized CAPP and synthetic evaluation strategy for production line of accuracy welding

This paper presents generalized CAPP （G-CAPP） method which deals with macro process planning for multiobjective in the planning stage of production line of accuracy welding （PLAW） based on the features of accuracy welding production （ AWP ）. G-CAPP offers foundations for prototype design and general equipment sorting, production capacity predication and production analysis by means of simulation and optimization. A synthetic hierarchy evaluation （SHE） model for G-CAPP established according to the planning objective is utilized to estimate the alternate processing plans by using membership function and analytic hierarchy process （AHP） of operational theory. The assembly welding line of hydraulic torque converter （HTC） is as an example of typical A WP to explicate G-CAPP and synthetic evaluating strategy of PLAW. The feasible and rational process configuration strategies of HTC assembly welding line are pointed oat under different planning objective.

Donor's site evaluation after restoration with autografts or synthetic plugs in rabbits

AIM: To investigate donor site's area histological and immunohistochemical knee cartilage appearances after resurfacing iatrogenic defects with biosynthetic plugs orautografts. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. A full-thickness cylindrical defect of 4.5 mm(diameter) × 7 mm(depth) was created with a hand drill in the femoral groove of every animal. In Group A(n = 10) the defect of the donor site was re-paired with a biosynthetic osteochondral plug, in Group B(n = 10) with an osteochondral autograft, while in Group C(control group of 10) rabbits were left untreated. RESULTS: Twenty-four weeks postoperatively, smooth articular cartilage was found macroscopically in some trocleas' surfaces; in all others, an articular surface with discontinuities was observed. Twenty-eight out of 30 animals were found with predominantly viable chondrocytes leaving the remaining two-which were found only in the control group- with partially viable chondrocytes. However, histology revealed many statistical differences between the groups as far as the International Cartilage Repair Society(ICRS) categories are concerned. Immunofluoresence also revealed the presence of collagen Ⅱ in all specimens of Group B, whereas in Group A collagen Ⅱ was found in less specimens. In Group C collagen Ⅱwas not found. CONCLUSION: The matrix, cell distribution, subchondral bone and cartilage mineralization ICRS categories showed statistically differences between the three groups. Group A was second, while group B received the best scores; the control group got the worst ICRS scores in these categories. So, the donor site area, when repairing osteochondral lesions with autografting systems, is better amended with osteochondral autograft rather than bone graft substitute implant.

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation on layoff mechanism for human resource

According to the modern theory of human resource management, the condition of buyout mainly depends on two variables of an employee: his interior value of product and exterior work reward. There exist shortages in evaluating the value of the employees in an enterprise. Consequently, a lot of employees might be laid off. Hence, this paper puts forward a two-stage method for decision-making to carry out a selective plan of buyout, based on the fuzzy synthetic evaluation involing many factors impacting on human resource. Moreover, a positive analysis is also given.

Universal Index Formula of Parameterized Combination Operator for Eco-environmental Quality Evaluation

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the regional eco-environmental quality by using the universal index formula of parameterization combination operator based normalized index values.[Method] Through setting reference values and normalized transformation formulae for typical ecological environmental indexes appropriately,the difference among the standard normalized values would become very small after normalized transformation,and the ecological environmental indices expressed by normalized values can be equivalent to normalized indices.Under certain optimization conditions,shuffled frog leaping based on immune evolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm was applied to optimize the parameters in parameterization combination operator formula,and the universal index formula suited to eco-environmental quality assessment was established finally.[Result] The universal index formula of parameterization combination operator,appropriate for any m(1≤m≤23) ecological environmental indices,was used to assess the eco-environmental quality of towns surrounding Headland Reservoir,and the results were in full accordance with those of unascertained measure method,that is,the eco-environmental quality of five towns around Headland Reservoir was the fourth grade.[Conclusion]The universal index formula of parameterization combination operator,suited to eco-environmental quality evaluation,is simple and intuitive in form,easy in computation and universal in application.

Evaluationof eco-environmental competitiveness in south China hilly region

South China is located in the subtropical zone,with excellent hydrothermal conditions and abundant species.Compared with other regions in China,the environment and natural resources have obvious innate advantages.The crisscross of hills and small plains are the most typical topographic and geomorphic features in South China.Its evaluation of eco-environmental competitiveness is different from other regions in China in terms of index selection and evaluation process.Based on the literature results,combining with the particularity of the southern hilly region and according to certain principles,we construct an evaluation model of ecological environment in southern hilly region,which includes five first-level indicators of ecological resources,environmental status,enconomic society,management response and environmental potential and fifteen second-level index sperated from the first-level,such as forest coverage rate and ambient air quality composite index and so on.Taking Hunan Province,a tipical region of southern hills,as an empirical example to analyse,the conclusion has been verified by other scholars and the new model is more operable than the existing models and methods,which indicates that the model constructed is practical and feasible.

Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Model for Smart Washing Machine

Generally fuzzy control system (FCS) is worked in washing machine. For the fuzzy set theory, membership functions are the building blocks. In a fuzzy set, fuzziness is determined by its membership functions. The shapes of membership functions are important, because it has an effect on fuzzy inference system. The shapes of membership functions can be triangular, trapezoidal and gaussian. The most widely used triangular membership function is used in this paper, because it can capture the short time period. In washing machine, open loop control system is found. This paper applies a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method (FSEM) for washing cloth in washing machine as FSEM can handle the multiple criteria with the help of evaluation matrix generated from membership function and weight matrix generated by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The purpose of this research is to minimize the wash time. By applying FSEM, we get a wash time which is less than that wash time got from applying the Mamdani approach in FCS. An example is given for illustration. For more reduction of wash time, statistical averaging method is also used. To reduce the wash time, statistical averaging method can be used in Mamdani approach also.

Application of fuzzy optimization model in the evaluationof urban flood-waterloggedvulnerabilitybased on the synthetic weight ofgame theory

The evaluation of urban flood-waterlogged vulnerability is very important to the safety of urban flood control. In this paper, the evaluation of consolidated index is used. Respectively, AHP and entropy method calculate the subjective and objective weight of the evaluation indicators, and combine them by game theory. So we can obtain synthetic weight based on objective and subjective weights. The evaluation of urban flood-waterlogged vulnerability as target layer, a single variable multi-objective fuzzy optimization model is established. We use the model to evaluate flood-waterlogged vulnerability of 13 prefecture-level city in Hunan, and compare it with other evaluation method. The results show that the evaluation method has certain adaptability and reliability, and it＇ s helpfid to the construction planning of urban flood control.