Architectural Idea of "Panoramic View" and "Ecological" Landscaping Consciousness in Yanshan Garden

WANG Shi-zhen,the scholar in Ming Dynasty,has been studied by followers of many generations.His remarkable achievements in literature,history,painting and even opera have been much learnt,but his contributions to gardening have been rarely mentioned.Thus Yanshan Garden as the material carrier of WANG's gardening achievements is worthy of further study.Yanshan Garden is the representative of private gardens owned by scholars and officials in Ming Dynasty,enjoying the fame of "City Forest".Either from garden construction,including natural landscapes,architectural landscapes as well as animal and plant landscapes,or from gardening thoughts and theories,Yanshan Garden has its own outstanding and particular features.Through reviewing On Yanshan Garden,this study elaborated the architectural idea of "panoramic view" and "ecological" landscaping consciousness in Yanshan Garden,which supplemented the blank page in this field and provided support for future studies.

Study on Designs of New Ecological Architecture—With Plant Architecture as a Study Case

Through elaborating the concept of plant architecture, analyzing and summarizing its design principles and material selection, this study tries to offer a new approach for architectural designs in China.

Ecological Security of Landscape Architecture in Yunnan Province

The concept of landscape architecture with eco-security was proposed,ecological security of landscape architecture in Yunnan was elaborated from 8 aspects,specifically as landform,typical climate,natural vegetation,biodiversity,transplantation of large-size trees,disaster-proof function,greening security,introduction of garden species.Moreover,countermeasures for maintaining the ecological security of landscape architecture in Yunnan Province were further put forward,① In view of local conditions,inheriting natural views of classical Chinese gardens,respecting all natural elements,② Rising higher requirements on the planning of garden green space system,③ Paying more attention to the integrated construction of green spaces in urban and rural areas,maintaining the wholeness of suburban ecosystem,④ Devoting more in developing seedling industry,culturing more large-size seedlings in original sites,⑤ Selecting right trees for right sites in constructing urban gardens.Eventually,it was proposed that gardens in Yunnan Province should be developed by combining with its outstanding ecological conditions,among which ecological security should be the focus of attention.

Ecological Harmony:Core Concept for the Construction of Urban Landscape Architecture

On the basis of analyzing the narrow sense and broad sense of landscape architecture,classical gardens and modern landscape architecture,the authors proposed functions of landscape architecture,and that highquality landscape architecture designs should demonstrate ecological,social and aesthetic functions.By combining theoretical analysis and practical experience,it was verified that urban landscape architecture has to integrate ecological,social and aesthetic functions to manifest its social value to the most.

Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Based on Landscape Ecology Theory:A Case Study of Waterfront Landscape Planning and Design of Dapo Town

With the rapid development of urbanization,landscape architecture has become an indispensable component of daily life.In order to achieve better landscape effects and protect the ecological environment,landscape ecology theory can be integrated into landscape planning to carry out disciplinary crossing and integration research between landscape ecology and landscape architecture.In this study,based on the basic theories of landscape ecology,the waterfront landscape of Dapo Town was designed,with the aim to achieve ecological balance in planning,showcase biodiversity,and create a harmonious landscape ecological environment which can benefit both nature and people.This design combined artificial and natural elements while improving the natural environment,which promoted a harmonious relationship between humans and nature,thus enriching the spatial organization of the city,and playing a role in regulating the urban environment and climate.

Ecological adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica root system architecture to arid environments

The architectural parameters of Reaumuria soongorica root system in different habitats of Gansu Province, China were analyzed to examine its ecological adaptability to arid environments. Results show that： （1） Topological indices of R. Soongorica root sys- tem are small in all habitats, and root branching pattem tends to be dichotomous. Also, the indices gradually increase in the Min- qin windblown sand region and the Zhangye Gobi region in Hexi Corridor, which indicates that drought tends to produce her- ringbone-like root branching pattems. （2） Fractal dimension values ofR. Soongorica root system are small and not obvious in the Minqin windblown sand region and the Zhangye Gobi region in Hexi Corridor, with values of 1.1778 and 1.1169, respectively. Fractal dimension values are relatively large in Jiuzhoutai semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which indicates that the R. Soongorica root system has better fractal characteristics in this region than in the other regions. （3） Total branching ra- tios of the R. Soongorica root system in arid regions of Hexi Corridor are smaller than that in the Jiuzhoutai semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. This shows that root branching ability in the semi-arid region is stronger, and it decreases to some degree with increased drought. （4） The root connection lengths of R. soongorica root system are long in all habitats, but there are significant length differences between the different habitats. The root connection length at the Minqin windblown sand region is the longest. It is concluded that R. soongoriea adapts to arid environments by decreasing root branching, decreasing root overlap and increasing root connection length, which makes its root branching pattern tend to be herringbone-like to reduce com- petition in root internal environment for nutrients and to enhance root absorption rate of nutrients, and ensure effective nutrition space. Thus the roots can absorb enough water and nutrients in resource-poor settings to ensure normal physiological requirements.

A Brief Analysis of Energy Conservation Ways by Building Materials for Ecological Architecture

The development of society and economy in China is bringing growth to all industries. In particular, the development of China’s building industry has attracted much attention. Building materials are an important part of and widely used in the building industry. Energy conservation by building materials has become an inevitable way of sustainable development. Centering on the building industry, this paper mainly discusses in detail the energy conservation ways by ecological architecture and building materials.

The Ecological Aesthetics of Funeral Architecture towards Death:A Case Study of Tomba Brion Family Cemetery

This paper discusses the design of funeral architecture with ecological aesthetics as the entry point,and makes a poetic interpretation of the gardening techniques and spiritual connotation of Tomba Brion Family Cemetery,a funeral architecture,in combination with architecture,ecological design aesthetics,landscape ecology,oriental aesthetics and other disciplines to explore the unique charm of the architectural field related to death for life,trying to provide the reference value of ecological aesthetics for the development of funeral architecture.

Architecture Design Research Based on the Concept of Ecological

With the continuous development of industry and the progress of science and technology, energy resources consumption becomes increasingly serious. Under the sustainable development of environment, energy saving, environmental protection requirements improve continuously. As an energy-intensive industry occupying one third of the total energy consumption, the construction industry’s energy consumption problem becomes increasingly serious. In order to promote human ecological balance and sustainable development of society, combining the ecological concept into the architectural design is imminent. The so-called ecological architecture is based on the nature, guided by sustainable development, and combines the ecological theory into the architecture. This paper briefl y introduces the ecological architecture, discusses the application of ecological ideas in architectural design and its design principle, which plays an important role in the ecological construction’s integrating in architectural design.

Analysis on Landscape Ecological Design in Landscape Architecture

With the continuous improvement of China’s economic level, the people’s cultural literacy is gradually increasing, and the same people are increasingly pursuing new changes and changes in the quality of life. At present, most people are not only satisfied with the basic needs of life, but also have a new height and pursuit in the improvement of new life quality. In the current landscape design field, people are increasingly demanding landscape design. How to design urban landscape design that meets the real needs of people under current social conditions is one of the hottest topics in the current landscape design industry. As an important component in the construction of landscape architecture, effective landscape ecological design plays an important role in maintaining the sustainable development of urban ecological environment and enhancing the visual beauty of landscape architecture. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the ecological design of the landscape, clarify the ideas and principles of ecological design, and realize the improvement of the safety and aesthetics of the landscape ecological design in the construction of landscape architecture. Then, this paper gives a brief overview and analysis of some design concepts, design principles and design points in landscape ecological design in current landscape architecture, which aims to promote the quality improvement of the landscape ecological design in the current Landscape architecture and promote the progress and development of the overall landscape ecological design industry.

Analysis of the Composition of Waterfront Architectural Space——A Case Study of Integrated Architectural Design of Library, Archive and Science and Technology Museum in Fuqing City of China

After the understanding of the concept and characteristics of waterfront architectural space, by taking library, archive, and science and technology museum in Fuqing City for example, the paper had pointed out design techniques and features of their natural geological space, planning structure space, traditional courtyard space and architectural indoor space. It had illustrated their structure of "one center and three axes" in detail. Environmental factor had been regarded in plane planning layout. Semi-enclosed space of "cultural square", sequential space of "open courtyard", and well-spaced space of "vertical ecological courtyard" had been created. Based on these spaces, courtyard and garden environments for reading, rest, leisure and communication had been constructed. It was hoped to inspire design idea of waterfront architectures, so as to create waterfront architectures with times spirit and national feature.

Ecological Design and Construction of Suburb Green Landscapes

The city expansion is accelerated with the process of urbanization.This paper deals with the suburban green landscape architecture in the point view of ecological design so as to construct the reasonable and environment-friendly suburban green landscape.

Ecological Greenway Construction in Shunde District of Foshan City,China

As the greenway construction grows popular,the concept and type of greenway is clarified in this study,research progresses and prospects of greenway planning are summarized.Greenway planning of Shunde District is taken for an example to elaborate properties,types,origination and tasks of greenway,moreover,construction background,ecological,human-centered and characteristic design principles were analyzed,especially the design of its buffer zone,corridor system,width of crawl lane,node system,identification system and service area.Greenway construction of Shunde District is to build a greenway network of multiple types and functions in 3 levels:region,city and community;a recreational landscaping system with regional greenland as the background,greennet and greenway as the framework,to promote a new "ecological,green and low-carbon" lifestyle,and create the new image of Shunde as "a livable riverfront region full of sunshine".

Planning and Design of Zhengzhou Forest Park Based on Natural Ecological Experience

Through summarizing and analyzing planning objectives, landscape division and natural ecological experience planning of Zhengzhou Forest Park, the authors discussed the application of human-nature harmony in the planning, stressed citizens' needs for experiencing natural ecological environment, and tried to build Zhengzhou Forest Park with picturesque scenery, complete facilities, and harmonious human-nature coexistence.

Research on Rural Landscape Design from the Perspective of Ecological Culture

Although rural landscape design brings convenience to farmers,there are many problems such as severe homogenization,lack of local culture and lack of comprehensive planning.The distant points of planning are refl ected by highlighting distinctive regional culture,advocating construction of ecological culture,and encouraging protection of traditional architecture.The problems in rural landscape design are settled by solving three agricultural problems and promoting the development of rural tourism,so as to achieve the coordinated development of rural economy and culture.

TOWARDS A FOURTH ECOLOGY: Social and Environmental Sustainability with Architecture and Urban Design

The architect has always been interested in the social and cultural dimensions while creating architecture for people to last,with the help of building science and technology.Science could solve some problems,but is yet to solve many of the problems of urbanization in human history.Perhaps many of the problems can only be solved with careful understanding of human behavior,social intercourse,and economics in relation to the urban environments and organizations,and the natural environment simultaneously.There seemed to be a divide between the way an engineer and an architect think and practice in making a building and a piece of architecture,where the former is highly mathematical,and the latter deals with cultural poetics and a whole range of social and technical issues of which the physics of the environment is but one dimension(Bay and Ong 2006).It may appear natural in this age of environmental crisis and rapid urban development in many cities that the current Ecologically Sustainable Design(ESD)system,which is mainly based on science of the physical world,would be readily accepted by the architect in practice and education.Many of the current ESD guidelines can contribute to the avoidance of a further decay of the earth,thus preventing droughts and floods,etc.,and hope to maintain the status quo of the environment for all the“business as usual”social-economic activities.With more world leaders of the developed world agreeing in principle on the need to address climate change,perhaps a lot more will be done based on the engineering models for ecologically friendly planning,commerce,industry,and design.There could be a cognitive bias3 of overconfidence and systemic error that the predominantly engineering focus to keep climate change at bay will solve the problem of sustainability in various parts of the world.The current limited concept of“ecological”or the“green”design does contribute to sustainability,but is quite limited and not the whole picture of sustainability.The concept of sustainability involves the dynamic and complex balance of environmental(man-made and natural),economic and social dimensions,from many earlier sources including the theory of the Third Ecology(Chermayeff and Tzonis 1971)about social ecology directly related to the man-made urban fabric,and recently,the much accepted pervasive framework of the Brundtland Commission Report 1987:Our Common Future,which included more discussions about the interrelatedness with economic equity and the natural environment.Foremost and ultimately it is about promoting and ensuring social quality of living now and sustaining that into the future,for all nations,the rich and the poor,through solving the matrix of social,economic,and environmental problems.From the perspective of the theory and practice of architecture,this paper discusses the following issues:1.Belief in science,disenchantment,symbol of failure of modern architecture-Pruitt Igoe;2.An anti-thesis to Pruitt Igoe-Bedok Court;3.The cultural concerns and preparametric design thinking process of the architect;4.Architecture,social science,cultural value,social capital,behavior,and ESD;5.A Fourth Ecology,multi-disciplinary research by architects,social scientists,and engineers.

The Impact of Climate on Ecological Design of Semnan City in Iran

Ecological design is defined as any form expression that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes. Ecological design is an integrative ecologically responsible design discipline. Layout of climate is one of the basics for the ecological design of Semnan. In this regards, the ecological design and the architecture of the city of Semnan are the means through which the city reinvents its identity and its structure and renews its face. Creating of healthy and restful occupant environments for human becomes one of the main infrastructure challenges upon modern ecological design and architecture which provides human health. Undoubtedly, there are also reasons for being optimistic upon the level of physical and mental wellbeing of individuals, reducing the incidence of diseases, and/or might reduce their total fuel consumption with adverse health effects, and environmental pollution. In the climate-related topics, the architecture of the building is considered with the climatic conditions of each region, which will result in more human comfort and energy saving in order to control the environmental conditions. The purpose of this research is to identify and review the architectural style and ecological design of the city in accordance with the climate and the climate guidelines that can be used in the areas of stability, comfort, beauty, health, energy efficiency, and the use of important climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity, ...) extracted from the data bank of the Semnan Synoptic Station (1965-2005) and the Terjung Environmental Indexes. The thermal comfort conditions of the private and public bodies of Mahani and Givoni were reviewed and analyzed for the establishment of the buildings and seasons of the year. The results show that the weather is very cool at night in the months of March and October which are acceptable on the day in comfort area, and June, July and August are acceptable at the level of comfort in the city in the months of November to March in the day and October to March and in the months of April and May. Also, in the area of energy consumption, buildings should be placed in the east-west axis;long openings in the north and south of the building should be reduced to the sun.

Ecological Cultures of Traditional Hani Villages

Villages of Hani Nationality are located above the elevation of 1,400-1,800 m, halfway up the Ailao Mountains in south Yunnan, natural landscapes and architectural structure of Hani Nationality show peculiar styles. Folk dwellings of Hani Village were divided into 4 types, namely rammed-clay house(Tuzhangfang), mushroom house, tile-roofed house, and stilted house(Ganlanfang). In terms of the origination, rammed-clay house and mushroom house are originated from the flat-top fort buildings of the Di and the Qiang nationalities. Tile-roofed house is the variation of mushroom house by learning from the courtyard building of the Han Nationality, and stilted house is directly borrowed from the folk dwelling style of Baiyue people. Structures of all these buildings show the adaptability to local environment.

Study on the Practical Experience of Ecological Wisdom of Four Artificial Lakes in Guangzhou

The four artificial lakes in Guangzhou(Liwan Lake,Liuhua Lake,Lu Lake,Dongshan Lake)have maintained a benign relationship with the city for the symbiosis of human,nature and society since the end of the 1950s.Taking the four artificial lakes in Guangzhou as the research object,reviewing the construction process of the four artificial lakes in Guangzhou,and combing the ecological practice experience of the four artificial lakes.It is concluded that siting selection suitable for urban geographic conditions,considering the construction of artificial lakes in urban water systems,designing incorporating cultural,constructing and renovating the park combined with urban development and establishing lake-park symbiosis are the internal cause for the benign interoperability and coordinated development of the four artificial lakes and cities.In order to provide reference for the construction of urban artificial lakes in Guangzhou and the urban ecological environment construction of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Dawan District.

Vernacular Wisdom as a Path Toward Low-energy Ecologically Sustainable Housing and Settlements: Participatory Design and Building to Rehabilitate Local Adobe Bricks in El Salvador

Globalized cultures,imaginaries,and economies are often matched to the standardization of building approaches.However,solutions that are not tailored for a specific context tend to entail environmental,economic,and social issues.Throughout human history,vernacular wisdom has produced interesting low-energy and climate-responsive architectures all around the globe:These can be seen as interesting examples in an era of global warming and overall uncertainty;at the same time,they represent accessible sustainable solutions in deprived areas of the world as well as in wealthier areas.The experience of participatory design and building process is here presented,carried on in a rural area of El Salvador,Central America.A sanitary facility for a school is designed and realized after the collectively desired recovery and improvement of one of the fruits of local vernacular wisdom in building design,i.e.,the adobe earth brick.Some potentials and limits of such experience as well as of the used technology are reviewed in the perspective of affordable and ecologically sustainable housing and settlements in the area.