In this brief report, we analyzed ecological correlates of risk of extinction for mammals endemic to China using phylogenetic eigenvector methods to control for the effect of phylogenetic inertia. Extinction risks wer...In this brief report, we analyzed ecological correlates of risk of extinction for mammals endemic to China using phylogenetic eigenvector methods to control for the effect of phylogenetic inertia. Extinction risks were based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN） Red List and ecological explanatory attributes that include range size and climatic variables. When the effect of phylogenetic inertia were controlled, climate became the best predictor for quantifying and evaluating extinction risks of endemic mammals in China, accounting for 13% of the total variation. Range size seems to play a trivial role, explaining -1% of total variation; however, when non-phylogenetic variation partitioning analysis was done, the role of range size then explained 7.4% of total variation. Consequently, phylogenetic inertia plays a substantial role in increasing the explanatory power of range size on the extinction risks of mammals endemic to China. Limitations of the present study are discussed, with a focus on under-represented sampling of endemic mammalian species.展开更多
Twenty five soybean strains of similar growth period were grown at eight locations simultanously in three northeast provinces of China.Most of the experimental sites differed markedly in temperature,precipitation, soi...Twenty five soybean strains of similar growth period were grown at eight locations simultanously in three northeast provinces of China.Most of the experimental sites differed markedly in temperature,precipitation, soil fertility and length of growing season.Protein and oil contents were detelmined to study the effects of ecological conditions on soybean chemical composition. The results showed that the average protein and protein + oil contents were higher at the south locations and lower at north locations, but there was no consistent variation for oil content,and there was no significant difference among most of the sites. Oil content of strains was highest when planted in Jiling. Combined analyses of variance indicated that there existed significant genotype,location and G×E interactions effects. F values of G×E interactions for all traits,although significant at 0.01 level of probability, were extremely smaller than those for location and genotype.This suggested that G×E interaction effects were relatively less important than both genotyp and location effects.Phenotypic correlations of the performance of genotypes,on single ehtry -basis,among eight locations were all positive for protein and protein+ oil and most of correlation coefficients were significant at 0.01 level of probability.This indicated that the relative performance of genotypes at each location was similar. In contrast,most of the correlation coefficients for oil content among the eight locations were not significant.Therefore,G×E interactions should be considered in breeding for high oil soybeans,as it may lead to the instability of genotypes and affect the rankings of genotypes when soybeans arc grown in diverse environments.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council （CSC）（201308180004） Acknowledgements： I would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this manuscript.
文摘In this brief report, we analyzed ecological correlates of risk of extinction for mammals endemic to China using phylogenetic eigenvector methods to control for the effect of phylogenetic inertia. Extinction risks were based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN） Red List and ecological explanatory attributes that include range size and climatic variables. When the effect of phylogenetic inertia were controlled, climate became the best predictor for quantifying and evaluating extinction risks of endemic mammals in China, accounting for 13% of the total variation. Range size seems to play a trivial role, explaining -1% of total variation; however, when non-phylogenetic variation partitioning analysis was done, the role of range size then explained 7.4% of total variation. Consequently, phylogenetic inertia plays a substantial role in increasing the explanatory power of range size on the extinction risks of mammals endemic to China. Limitations of the present study are discussed, with a focus on under-represented sampling of endemic mammalian species.
文摘Twenty five soybean strains of similar growth period were grown at eight locations simultanously in three northeast provinces of China.Most of the experimental sites differed markedly in temperature,precipitation, soil fertility and length of growing season.Protein and oil contents were detelmined to study the effects of ecological conditions on soybean chemical composition. The results showed that the average protein and protein + oil contents were higher at the south locations and lower at north locations, but there was no consistent variation for oil content,and there was no significant difference among most of the sites. Oil content of strains was highest when planted in Jiling. Combined analyses of variance indicated that there existed significant genotype,location and G×E interactions effects. F values of G×E interactions for all traits,although significant at 0.01 level of probability, were extremely smaller than those for location and genotype.This suggested that G×E interaction effects were relatively less important than both genotyp and location effects.Phenotypic correlations of the performance of genotypes,on single ehtry -basis,among eight locations were all positive for protein and protein+ oil and most of correlation coefficients were significant at 0.01 level of probability.This indicated that the relative performance of genotypes at each location was similar. In contrast,most of the correlation coefficients for oil content among the eight locations were not significant.Therefore,G×E interactions should be considered in breeding for high oil soybeans,as it may lead to the instability of genotypes and affect the rankings of genotypes when soybeans arc grown in diverse environments.
