Analysis and Regionalization of Climate Ecological Conditions for Blueberry in Nanchong City Based on GIS

By using the meteorological data,GIS data and blueberry production data of Nanchong and the surrounding areas in Nanchong from 1991 to 2022,the climate ecological suitability of blueberry was analyzed based on the growth habit of blueberry,and the restrictive and high-impact factors were selected as zoning indicators to carry out climate ecological zoning.The results show that Nanchong has a humid climate,and the annual average temperature in most parts is 15.0-17.8℃;the cold temperature duration in winter is more than 770 h,and the average maximum temperature in July is more than 30.0℃,so it is suitable for planting southern high-bush blueberry,rabbit-eye blueberry and a hybrid of northern and southern high-bush blueberry.Sunshine,high temperature in midsummer,daily temperature range at the fruiting stage and terrain slope are the main limiting or high-impact ecological factors of blueberry production in Nanchong,among which the adverse effect of insufficient sunshine is the largest.The meteorological disasters affecting blueberry production in Nanchong mainly include rainy weather,rainstorm and flood,high temperature and drought.High temperature and heavy heat damage in midsummer in areas at an altitude below 400 m have a great impact on the production of late-maturing blueberry.High temperature and summer drought are often accompanied in the southeast,which will aggravate the adverse effects.The suitable area of blueberry in Nanchong is mainly distributed in the shallow hilly area and the low-mountain deep hilly and gentle slope area at an altitude of 350-700 m.The less suitable area is mainly distributed in the flat dam area of shallow hill-valley at an altitude of below 350 m,the low-mountain area at an altitude of above 700 m,and other hilly areas with a slope of 15-30°.The unsuitable area is mainly distributed in hills with slope>30°,some sporadic shallow hills and flat dams at an altitude of below 300 m,river banks,water wetland buffer zones,etc.In order to make full use of the climate resources and the advantages of blueberry varieties,early-and medium-maturing southern high-bush varieties should be mainly planted in the low-altitude area below 400 m in Nanchong,and medium-and late-maturing varieties should be mainly planted in the medium-altitude area above 400 m.

To the Question of the Assessment of Ecological Comfort of the Climate

The article is devoted to the discussion of the advantages of assessing the environmental comfort of the climate,based on the natural features of the climate and the bioclimatic conditions of the territory.The study assessed the ecological comfort of the climate in the city of Taganrog on the basis of the developed original sequence of performing three stages of assessing the totality of bioclimatic indicators with the final calculation of the values of the integral indicator of the bioclimatic comfort of the climate.The results of the assessment showed,according to the average long-term climatic data,the presence of sub-comfortable climates with a tendency to transition to comfortable climate conditions in the warm period of the year.The cold season was distinguished by uncomfortable conditions according to long-term average climatic data.Modeling calculations of the possible risk to the health of city residents in the presence of concentrations of suspended solids in the surface air layer,together with carbon monoxide,exceeding the maximum one-time values by more than 7 times,showed that the development of possible resorptive or carcinogenic effects in these circumstances will occur in 1/3 the population of the city.The prospects for the assessment of the ecological comfort of the climate,which allow in the future to adequately calculate the magnitude of environmental risks to public health caused by pollution of the surface air layer,are shown.

Studies on the Relationship Between Grain-yield and Climatic Ecological Factors in Summer Corn Under Super-high-yielding Cultivation Conditions

Cultivation experiments on super-high-yield (^12000kg/ha) of summer corn (Zea mays L.) were conducted in Laizhou, Shangdong Province, from 1986 to 1997, and in Wenxian, Henan Province, from 1996 to 1997. The results showed that requirements of accumulated temperature and hours of sunshine for super-high-yield of summer corn could be met in normal years in the areas of the Huanghuaihai Plain. Amount of precipitation influenced the yield most strongly in indirect way among all the meteorological factors, and the relationship between them displayed significant negative correlation (r= - 0.5418). The regression equation between yield and amount of precipitation at seedling stage and grain filling stage both reached significant level, and the partial regression coefficients were - 4.8735 and - 13.7415, respectively. Further research revealed that the key climatic-ecological factors influencing yield were as fellows: the average temperature in the third and the ninth Xun (note: a Xun indicates ten days and the accounting of Xun was from the corresponding sowing date), the hours of sunshine in the sixth and the eighth Xun, the amount of precipitation in the sixth, the seventh and the second Xun. Results obtained by analyzing yield components of summer corn showed that grain numbers per ear (GN/E) made greater contribution to super-high-yield than kernel weight (KW) and the numbers of ears did. The key factors influencing GN/E were the amount of precipitation in the sixth and the eighth Xun and the hours of sunshine in the sixth Xun, with the correlation coefficients of -0.6074, 0.5793 and 0.5854, respectively.

The Analysis of NGOs' Organizational Ecosystem in Participating in Climate Change Issues in the United States

How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at the beginning; therefore there were no specific quantitative statistics and network analysis of NGOs in climate change. Diversity was an important feature of NGOs in American climate change fields,and it showed a complex organizational ecology through varieties of networks and interaction among organizations. In order to make a difference in climate field,Chinese NGOs firstly needed to improve and enhance their own abilities.

The Optimum Sowing Time for Plastic-film Corn and the Application of Two Related Theories

There are two main theories, the 'temperature-raising' theory and the 'precipitation-based regulation' theory, which guide the optimum sowing time of the plastic-film corn. The former was applied in the humid or semi-humid ecotope and on irrigated or half-shaded land in the arid and semi-arid ecotopes, while the latter was suitable for the dry-farming land in the semi-arid ecotope. The results of experiments and investigations for many years showed that the corn output was increased by 69.2% when the former theory was applied to guide the optimum sowing time for plastic-film corn in the semi-humid ecotope, and by 60. 0% when the latter theory was applied in the semi-arid ecotope. In the semi-arid ecotope, however, the output was increased only by 15.7% when the former theory was applied, and even dropped by 14.4% when the latter theory was applied.

Analysis of Genetic Similarity for Improved Japonica Rice Varieties from Different Provinces and Cities in China

To provide a genetic basis for japonica rice breeding, the genetic similarity and cluster of 139 accessions of improved japonica rice varieties from 12 provinces and cities of China were analyzed using 34 SSR markers. Totally 198 alleles were detected among these improved japonica rice varieties with the average number of alleles per pair of primers was 5.3235. RM320, RM531, RM1, RM286, and RM336 showed more alleles, which were 15, 12, 11, 9, and 9, respectively. RM320, RM336, RM286 and RM531 showed higher genetic diversity indexes; which were 2.3324, 2.0292, 1.8996, and 1.7820, respectively. The range of genetic similar index among improved japonica rice varieties from different provinces was from 0.321 to 0.914, with the average of 0.686. There was a high genetic similarity among improved japonica rice varieties from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, and Yunnan, which were located in similar latitude or similar ecological environment, while there was a low genetic similarity between improved japonica rice varieties from Guizhou and Jiangsu, and other provinces which were located in more different latitudes and ecological environments. The markers of RM320, RM531, RM1, RM286, and RM336 fit to be used in analysis of genetic diversity for improved japonica rice variety. The genetic similarity among improved japonica rice varieties from different provinces was closely associated with genetic basis of parents, and was also correlated with latitude and ecological environment where the varieties were bred.